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Interoperability and integration are a key issue when combining multiple wireless networks and heterogeneous devices. To address this issue, this article extends the SDN concept, and presents a new hybrid network architecture that combines legacy devices in a wireless data plane, therefore increasing the range, and making the network more efficient, dynamic and programmable. In this article, we propose an optimized adaptive routing approach in a network architecture that joins SDN-capable devices with legacy devices for emergency scenarios. This solution takes into consideration the impact that a flow can have in the network, therefore minimizing its channel interference, and to a certain degree, balancing the load in the network\u2019s devices. In this work, the importance of the network and service parameters is optimized through machine learning for each flow\u2019s data rate, and then feed into the routing approach to determine the best hybrid legacy and SDN-based path. Results show that the new architecture can successfully integrate the legacy devices in the wireless software defined data plane, and utilize them to increase the performance. The combination of delivery ratio and delay are always relevant to every data rate. The link stability is more relevant for lower data rates, while the break probability is more relevant for higher data rates. Moreover, the number of hops and possible interference combined have a high importance in every data rates, and the nodes\u2019 speed knowledge can have a good impact on the network performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-024-03878-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T19:28:12Z","timestamp":1734463692000},"page":"2275-2292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On the optimal integration of legacy and SDWN communication nodes in emergency scenarios"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Sargento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3878_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/658408","volume":"2014","author":"NA Alwan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alwan, N. 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