{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T03:46:44Z","timestamp":1761364004843,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Coal Mining and Rock Control","award":["SKLIS202406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLIS202406"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62371451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20242083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20242083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Netw"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T08:45:26Z","timestamp":1755074726000},"page":"4625-4636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gradient descent based polarization channel estimation in extremely largescale MIMO systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shiyin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2200259","volume":"61","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Shlezinger, N., Guidi, F., Dardari, D., & Eldar, Y. C. (2023). 6g wireless communications: From far-field beam steering to near-field beam focusing. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(4), 72\u201377.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"6","key":"4016_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.06.015","volume":"19","author":"X Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei, X., Dai, L., Zhao, Y., Yu, G., & Duan, X. (2022). Codebook design and beam training for extremely large-scale RIS: Far-field or near-field? China Communications, 19(6), 193\u2013204.","journal-title":"China Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"4016_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2963877","volume":"9","author":"Y Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, Y., Jin, S., Wen, C.-K., & Ma, X. (2020). Channel estimation for extremely large-scale massive MIMO systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 9(5), 633\u2013637.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"4016_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2872364","volume":"37","author":"L Dai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dai, L., Wang, B., Peng, M., & Chen, S. (2019). Hybrid precoding-based millimeter-wave massive MIMO-NOMA with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 37(1), 131\u2013141.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"4016_CR5","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Extremely Large-Scale MIMO Systems","author":"M Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, M., & Dai, L. (2023). Near-field wideband channel estimation for extremely large-scale MIMO. In M. Cui & Z. Wu (Eds.), Extremely Large-Scale MIMO Systems (pp. 45\u201363). Springer."},{"issue":"1","key":"4016_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.004.2200136","volume":"61","author":"M Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, M., Wu, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, X., & Dai, L. (2023). Near-field MIMO communications for 6G: Fundamentals, challenges, potentials, and future directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(1), 40\u201346.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"1","key":"4016_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3124927","volume":"26","author":"X Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei, X., & Dai, L. (2022). Channel estimation for extremely large-scale massive MIMO: Far-field, near-field, or hybrid-field? IEEE Communications Letters, 26(1), 177\u2013181.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"5","key":"4016_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2023.9010127","volume":"29","author":"Z Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, Z., & Dai, L. (2024). Focusing ability enhancement in broadside direction of array: From UCA to UCCA. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 29(5), 1593\u20131603.","journal-title":"Tsinghua Science and Technology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4016_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3260242","volume":"71","author":"Y Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, Y., & Dai, L. (2023). Near-field channel estimation in mixed LOS\/NLOS environments for extremely large-scale MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 71(6), 3694\u20133707.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"4016_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3206614","volume":"22","author":"Z Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, Z., Wan, Z., Zheng, D., Tan, S., Masouros, C., Ng, D. W. K., & Chen, S. (2023). Integrated sensing and communication with mmWave massive MIMO: A compressed sampling perspective. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 22(3), 1745\u20131762.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"4016_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8571","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3351856","volume":"23","author":"R Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Cheng, L., Wang, S., Lou, Y., Gao, Y., Wu, W., & Ng, D. W. K. (2024). Integrated sensing and communication with massive MIMO: A unified tensor approach for channel and target parameter estimation. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 23(8), 8571\u20138587.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"4016_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3087269","volume":"39","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, X., Gao, Z., Gao, F., & Renzo, M. D. (2021). Model-driven deep learning based channel estimation and feedback for millimeter-wave massive hybrid MIMO systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 39(8), 2388\u20132406.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"4016_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2024.3369661","volume":"28","author":"Y Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Sun, S., & Han, C. (2024). Far- and near-field channel measurements and characterization in the terahertz band using a virtual antenna array. IEEE Communications Letters, 28(5), 1186\u20131190.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"4016_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3146400","volume":"70","author":"M Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui, M., & Dai, L. (2022). Channel estimation for extremely large-scale MIMO: Far-field or near-field? IEEE Transactions on Communications, 70(4), 2663\u20132677.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"4016_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2804943","volume":"17","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez, J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Prelcic, N., Venugopal, K., & Heath, R. W. (2018). Frequency-domain compressive channel estimation for frequency-selective hybrid millimeter wave MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 17(5), 2946\u20132960.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"4016_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3033514","volume":"20","author":"N Gonz\u00e1lez-Prelcic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Prelcic, N., Xie, H., Palacios, J., & Shimizu, T. (2021). Wideband channel tracking and hybrid precoding for mmWave MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(4), 2161\u20132174.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"4016_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2898944","volume":"23","author":"M Soltani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soltani, M., Pourahmadi, V., Mirzaei, A., & Sheikhzadeh, H. (2019). Deep learning-based channel estimation. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(4), 652\u2013655.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"4016_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3107452","volume":"21","author":"J Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao, J., Hu, M., Zhong, C., Li, G. Y., & Zhang, Z. (2022). An attention-aided deep learning framework for massive MIMO channel estimation. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 21(3), 1823\u20131835.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"4016_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2962474","volume":"19","author":"E Balevi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balevi, E., Doshi, A., & Andrews, J. G. (2020). Massive MIMO channel estimation with an untrained deep neural network. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(3), 2079\u20132090.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"4016_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-016-0764-y","volume":"22","author":"G Katsinis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsinis, G., Tsiropoulou, E. E., & Papavassiliou, S. (2017). Joint resource block and power allocation for interference management in device to device underlay cellular networks: A game theoretic approach. Mobile Networks and Applications, 22(3), 539\u2013551.","journal-title":"Mobile Networks and Applications"},{"issue":"5","key":"4016_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3044462","volume":"20","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, H., Fang, J., Wang, P., Yue, G., & Li, H. (2021). Efficient beamforming training and channel estimation for millimeter wave OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 20(5), 2805\u20132819.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"4016_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2879620","volume":"67","author":"C Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, C., Liu, L., Yuen, C., & Sun, S. (2019). Iterative channel estimation using LSE and sparse message passing for mmWave MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 67(1), 245\u2013259.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"}],"container-title":["Wireless Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T03:38:28Z","timestamp":1761363508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11276-025-04016-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1022-0038","1572-8196"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1022-0038"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8196"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}