{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T08:28:13Z","timestamp":1770539293102,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T15:27:15Z","timestamp":1415978835000},"page":"1117-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Network Architectures: A Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Nafees","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. K. M.","family":"Muzahidul\u00a0Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Zareei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabariah","family":"Baharun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Wakabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shozo","family":"Komaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/98.788210","volume":"6","author":"J Mitola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mitola, J., & Maguire, G. Q. (1999). Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications, 6, 13\u201318.","journal-title":"IEEE Personal Communications"},{"key":"2175_CR2","unstructured":"FCC. (2003). Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies. FCC Document ET Docket, No. 03-108, December 2003."},{"key":"2175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.05.001","volume":"50","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W. Y., Vuran, M. C., & Mohanty, S. (2006). NeXt generation\/dynamic spectrum access\/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 50, 2127\u20132159.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"2175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-C., Peng, Y.-J., Prasad, N., Liang, Y.-C., & Sun, S. (2008). Cognitive radio network architecture: Part I\u2014general structure. Presented at the Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Ubiquitous information management and communication, Suwon, Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/1352793.1352817"},{"key":"2175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy, S., Thoppian, M., Venkatesan, S., Prakash, R. (2005). Control channel based MAC-layer configuration, routing and situation awareness for cognitive radio networks. In Milcom 2005\u20132005 IEEE military communications conference, Vols. 1\u20135, pp. 455\u2013460.","DOI":"10.1109\/MILCOM.2005.1605725"},{"key":"2175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2013017","volume":"97","author":"YP Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. P., Mao, S. W., Neel, J. O., & Reed, J. H. (2009). Performance evaluation of cognitive radios: Metrics, utility functions, and methodology. Proceedings of the IEEE, 97, 642\u2013659.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"key":"2175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2010.2093210","volume":"5","author":"BB Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, B. B., & Liu, K. J. R. (2011). Advances in cognitive radio networks: A survey. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 5, 5\u201323.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing"},{"key":"2175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2158673","volume":"60","author":"YC Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang, Y. C., Chen, K. C., Li, G. Y., & Mahonen, P. (2011). Cognitive radio networking and communications: An overview. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60, 3386\u20133407.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"2175_CR9","unstructured":"Youping, Z., Morales, L., Gaeddert, J., Bae, K. K., Jung-Sun, U., Reed, J. H. (2007). Applying radio environment maps to cognitive wireless regional area networks. In 2nd IEEE international symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007, pp. 115\u2013118."},{"key":"2175_CR10","unstructured":"I. W. Group. (2008). IEEE P802. 22\/D1. 0 draft standard for wireless regional area networks part 22: cognitive wireless RAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: policies and procedures for operation in the TV bands. In IEEE docs, pp. 22\u201306."},{"key":"2175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2009.090109","volume":"11","author":"T Yucek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yucek, T., & Arslan, H. (2009). A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 11, 116\u2013130.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"2175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2008.4481339","volume":"46","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akyildiz, I. F., Lee, W.-Y., Vuran, M. C., & Mohanty, S. (2008). A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 46, 40\u201348.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"2175_CR13","unstructured":"Yongle, W., Beibei, W., Liu, K. J. R., & Clancy, T. C. (2008). A multi-winner cognitive spectrum auction framework with collusion-resistant mechanisms. In 3rd IEEE symposium on new Frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, 2008. DySPAN 2008, pp. 1\u20139."},{"key":"2175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., Zhang, H., Maggio, G. M., & Chlamtac, I. (2007). Topology management in CogMesh: A cluster-based cognitive radio mesh network. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2007. ICC\u201907, pp. 6516\u20136521.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2007.1078"},{"key":"2175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2010.149","volume":"10","author":"N Bouabdallah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bouabdallah, N., Ishibashi, B., & Boutaba, R. (2011). Performance of cognitive radio-based wireless mesh networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 10, 122\u2013135.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing"},{"key":"2175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2007.11.001","volume":"52","author":"C Han","year":"2008","unstructured":"Han, C., Wang, J., Yang, Y. L., & Li, S. Q. (2008). Addressing the control channel design problem: OFDM-based transform domain communication system in cognitive radio. Computer Networks, 52, 795\u2013815.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"2175_CR17","unstructured":"\u010cabri\u0107, D., Mishra, S. M., Willkomm, D., Brodersen, R., & Wolisz, A. (2005). A cognitive radio approach for usage of virtual unlicensed spectrum. In 14th IST mobile and wireless communications, summit."},{"key":"2175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Zheng, H., & Yang, G.-H. (2005). Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks. In 2005 First IEEE international symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005, pp. 259\u2013268.","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2005.1542642"},{"key":"2175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kondareddy, Y. R., Agrawal, P., & Synchronized, M. A. C. (2008). Protocol for multi-hop cognitive radio networks. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2008. ICC\u201908, pp. 3198\u20133202.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.602"},{"key":"2175_CR20","unstructured":"Shao-Yu, L., Chih-Cheng, T., & Kwang-Cheng, C. (2008) Protocols, carrier sensing based multiple access, for cognitive radio networks. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2008. ICC\u201908, pp. 3208\u20133214."},{"key":"2175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2009.10.004","volume":"8","author":"C Cormio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cormio, C., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2010). Common control channel design for cognitive radio wireless ad hoc networks using adaptive frequency hopping. Ad Hoc Networks, 8, 430\u2013438.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"2175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2010.12.004","volume":"4","author":"BF Lo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lo, B. F. (2011). A survey of common control channel design in cognitive radio networks. Physical Communication, 4, 26\u201339.","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"2175_CR23","unstructured":"Muzahidul Islam, A. K. M., Uchida, J., Chen, W., & Wada, K. (2012). A better dynamic cluster-based structure wireless sensor network for efficient routing. International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control (IJICIC), 9, 4085\u20134099."},{"key":"2175_CR24","unstructured":"De Guglielmo, D., Anastasi, G., & Seghetti, A. (2014). From IEEE 802.15. 4 to IEEE 802.15. 4e: A step towards the internet of things. In Advances onto the internet of things, (pp. 135\u2013152) Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"2175_CR25","first-page":"174","volume":"2004","author":"ML Sichitiu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sichitiu, M. L., & Ramadurai, V. (2004). Localization of wireless sensor networks with a mobile beacon. IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, 2004, 174\u2013183.","journal-title":"IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems"},{"key":"2175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/976861","volume":"9","author":"MJ Villanueva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Villanueva, M. J., Calafate, C. T., Torres, \u00c1., Cano, J., Cano, J.-C., & Manzoni, P. (2013). Seamless MANET autoconfiguration through enhanced 802.11 beaconing. Mobile Information Systems, 9, 19\u201335.","journal-title":"Mobile Information Systems"},{"key":"2175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcses.2010.1206","volume":"1","author":"SK Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh, S. K., Singh, M., & Singh, D. (2010). Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks\u2014a survey. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES), 1, 63\u201383.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Survey (IJCSES)"},{"key":"2175_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWMC.2012.046783","volume":"5","author":"MK Gulati","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gulati, M. K., & Kumar, K. (2012). QoS routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks: A survey. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 5, 107\u2013118.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing"},{"key":"2175_CR29","unstructured":"Pe\u0161ovi\u0107, U. M., Mohorko, J. J., Benki\u010d, K., & \u010cu\u010dej, \u017d. F. (2010). Single-hop vs. Multi-hop-Energy efficiency analysis in wireless sensor networks. In 18th Telecommunications Forum, TELFOR."},{"key":"2175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Qin, S., & Wu, Z. (2011). Self-organize network architecture for multi-agent cognitive radio systems. In International conference on cyber-enabled distributed computing and knowledge discovery (CyberC), pp. 515\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1109\/CyberC.2011.88"},{"key":"2175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-010-0010-z","volume":"57","author":"KE Baddour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baddour, K. E., Ureten, O., & Willink, T. J. (2011). A distributed message-passing approach for clustering cognitive radio networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 57, 119\u2013133.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"2175_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136800","volume":"315","author":"BJ Frey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frey, B. J., & Dueck, D. (2007). Clustering by passing messages between data points. Science, 315, 972\u2013976.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2175_CR33","first-page":"445","volume":"1\u20135","author":"C Guo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guo, C., Peng, T., Xu, S. Y., Wang, H. M., & Wang, W. B. (2009). Cooperative spectrum sensing with cluster-based architecture in cognitive radio networks. 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 1\u20135, 445\u2013449.","journal-title":"2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference"},{"key":"2175_CR34","unstructured":"Zhang, J.-Z., Wang, F., Yao, F.-Q., Zhao, H.-S., & Li, Y.-S. (2010). Cluster-based distributed topology management in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM), pp. V10-544\u2013V10-548."},{"key":"2175_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2010.0285","volume":"5","author":"AC Talay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Talay, A. C., & Altilar, D. T. (2011). United nodes: Cluster-based routing protocol for mobile cognitive radio networks. IET Communications, 5, 2097\u20132105.","journal-title":"IET Communications"},{"key":"2175_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asterjadhi, A., Baldo, N., & Zorzi, M. (2010). A cluster formation protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In Wireless conference (EW), 2010 European, pp. 955\u2013961.","DOI":"10.1109\/EW.2010.5483442"},{"key":"2175_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., Zhang, H. G., Maggio, G. M., & Chlamtac, I. (2007). CogMesh: A cluster-based cognitive radio network. In 2nd IEEE international symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, Vols. 1 and 2, pp. 168\u2013178.","DOI":"10.1109\/DYSPAN.2007.29"},{"key":"2175_CR38","unstructured":"Tang, C.-C., Ssu, K.-F., & Yang, C.-H. (2013). A cluster-based link recovery mechanism for spectrum aware on-demand routing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In Advances in intelligent systems and applications, (Vol. 1, pp. 601\u2013610). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"2175_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lazos, L., Liu, S., & Krunz, M. (2009). Spectrum opportunity-based control channel assignment in cognitive radio networks. In 6th annual IEEE communications society conference on sensor, mesh and ad hoc communications and networks, 2009. SECON\u201909, pp. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1109\/SAHCN.2009.5168974"},{"key":"2175_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, Y., Mittal, N., Venkatesan, S., & Chandrasekaran, R. (2010). Fast neighbor discovery with lightweight termination detection in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks. In 2010 ninth international symposium on parallel and distributed computing (ISPDC), pp. 149\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPDC.2010.32"},{"key":"2175_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, C. S., & Cao, X. J. (2009). A cognitive radio network architecture without control channel. Globecom 2009\u20132009 IEEE global telecommunications conference, Vols. 1\u20138, pp. 796\u2013801.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2009.5426138"},{"key":"2175_CR42","unstructured":"Choi, N., Patel, M., Venkatesan, S. (2006). A full duplex multi-channel MAC protocol for multi-hop cognitive radio networks, 2006 1st International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, pp. 99\u2013103."},{"key":"2175_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sreesha, A. A., Somal, S., & Lu, I. T. (2011). Cognitive radio based wireless sensor network architecture for smart grid utility. In Systems, applications and technology conference (LISAT). 2011 IEEE long Island, pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/LISAT.2011.5784201"},{"key":"2175_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, C., & Agrawal, D. P. (2007). ROPAS: Cross-layer cognitive architecture for wireless mobile adhoc networks. In 2007 2nd international conference on cognitive radio oriented wireless networks and communications, pp. 514\u2013518.","DOI":"10.1109\/CROWNCOM.2007.4549852"},{"key":"2175_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Htike, Z., & Hong, C. S. (2013). Neighbor discovery for cognitive radio ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ubiquitous information management and communication, p. 102.","DOI":"10.1145\/2448556.2448658"},{"key":"2175_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1109\/49.840210","volume":"18","author":"G Bianchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bianchi, G. (2000). Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18, 535\u2013547.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"2175_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/1594977.1592573","volume":"39","author":"P Bahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bahl, P., Chandra, R., Moscibroda, T., Murty, R., & Welsh, M. (2009). White space networking with wi-fi like connectivity. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 39, 27\u201338.","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review"}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T10:36:16Z","timestamp":1566038176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-014-2175-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]}}}