{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:55:52Z","timestamp":1767142552698,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T15:02:41Z","timestamp":1592492561000},"page":"791-807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Proposed Model for Radio Wave Attenuation due to Rain (RWAR)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Hitesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3123-0741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumud","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonev","family":"Boncho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramjee","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"7598_CR1","unstructured":"ITU-R. (2007). Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of earth\u2013space telecommunication system. Recommendation ITU-R P.618-9."},{"issue":"1","key":"7598_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2009.10.018","volume":"72","author":"K Chakravarty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chakravarty, K., & Maitra, A. (2010). Rain attenuation studies over an earth\u2013space path at a tropical location. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 72(1), 135\u2013138.","journal-title":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"},{"issue":"6","key":"7598_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-map:20000874","volume":"147","author":"KS Paulson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paulson, K. S., & Gibbins, C. J. (2000). Rain models for the prediction of fade durations at millimetre wavelengths. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 147(6), 431\u2013436.","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"7598_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM11012602","volume":"18","author":"K Ulaganathen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ulaganathen, K., et al. (2011). Comparative studies of the rain attenuation predictions for tropical regions. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 18, 17\u201330.","journal-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"7598_CR5","first-page":"9","volume":"105","author":"M Tamo\u0161i\u016bnait\u0117","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tamo\u0161i\u016bnait\u0117, M., et al. (2010). Prediction of electromagnetic waves attenuation due to rain in the localities of Lithuania. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 105(9), 9\u201312.","journal-title":"Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika"},{"issue":"3","key":"7598_CR6","first-page":"171","volume":"10","author":"FA Semire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Semire, F. A., et al. (2012). Analysis of cumulative distribution function of 2-year rainfall measurements in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 10(3), 171\u2013179.","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"7598_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2003.808542","volume":"51","author":"MMJL Van de Kamp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van de Kamp, M. M. J. L. (2003). Statistical analysis of rain fade slope. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 51(8), 1750\u20131759.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"1","key":"7598_CR8","first-page":"239","volume":"5","author":"OO Obiyemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Obiyemi, O. O., Afullo, T. J., & Ibiyemi, T. S. (2014). Equivalent 1-min rain rate statistics and seasonal fade estimates in the microwave band for south-western Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 5(1), 239\u2013244.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research"},{"key":"7598_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERB10072707","volume":"25","author":"S Das","year":"2010","unstructured":"Das, S., Maitra, A., & Shukla, A. (2010). Rain attenuation modeling in the 10\u2013100 GHz frequency using drop size distributions for different climatic zones in tropical India. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 25, 211\u2013224.","journal-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"7598_CR10","first-page":"754","volume":"23","author":"K Ulaganathen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ulaganathen, K., et al. (2014). Monthly and diurnal variability of rain rate and rain attenuation during the monsoon period in Malaysia. Radioengineering, 23(2), 754\u2013757.","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"7598_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM16050201","volume":"48","author":"N Sheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheng, N., et al. (2016). Study of parabolic equation method for millimeter-wave attenuation in complex meteorological environments. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 48, 173\u2013181.","journal-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research"},{"key":"7598_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, H. V., et al. (2013). Localized rain effects observed in Tokyo Tech millimeter-wave model network. In Proceedings of 2013 URSI international symposium on electromagnetic theory (EMTS). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2013.6711663"},{"issue":"2","key":"7598_CR13","first-page":"265","volume":"28","author":"JS Mandeep","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mandeep, J. S. (2011). Comparison of rain rate models for equatorial climate in South East Asia. Geofizika, 28(2), 265\u2013274.","journal-title":"Geofizika"},{"issue":"3","key":"7598_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2000RS002613","volume":"37","author":"W \u00c5sen","year":"2002","unstructured":"\u00c5sen, W., & Gibbins, C. J. (2002). A comparison of rain attenuation and drop size distributions measured in Chilbolton and Singapore. Radio Science, 37(3), 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Radio Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"7598_CR15","first-page":"27","volume":"14","author":"G Timms","year":"2005","unstructured":"Timms, G., Kvicera, V., & Grabner, M. (2005). 60 GHz band propagation experiments on terrestrial paths in Sydney and Praha. RADIOENGINEERING-PRAGUE-, 14(4), 27.","journal-title":"RADIOENGINEERING-PRAGUE-"},{"key":"7598_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kvicera, V., & Grabner, M. (2010). Rain attenuation on terrestrial wireless links in the mm frequency bands. In M. Mukherjee (Eds.), Advanced microwave and millimeter wave technologies semiconductor devices circuits and systems. ISBN: 978-953-307-031-5.","DOI":"10.5772\/8758"},{"issue":"1","key":"7598_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2008.2009698","volume":"57","author":"C Capsoni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Capsoni, C., et al. (2009). A new prediction model of rain attenuation that separately accounts for stratiform and convective rain. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 57(1), 196\u2013204.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"issue":"3","key":"7598_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2011.2180326","volume":"60","author":"P Garcia-del-Pino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garcia-del-Pino, P., Riera, J. M., & Benarroch, A. (2012). Tropospheric scintillation with concurrent rain attenuation at 50 GHz in Madrid. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(3), 1578\u20131583.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"7598_CR19","unstructured":"Odedina, M. O., & Afullo, T. J. (2009). Analytical modeling of rain attenuation and its application to terrestrial LOS links. In Southern Africa telecommunication networks and application conference (SATNAC)."},{"key":"7598_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sujimol, M. R., Acharya, R., & Shahana, K. (2019). Prediction and estimation of rain attenuation of Ka-band signals. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738777"},{"key":"7598_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, M. K., Renju, R., Mathew, N., Raju, C. S., Sujimol, M. R., & Shahana, K. (2019). Rain attenuation of Ka-band signal over a tropical station. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20133). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738301"},{"key":"7598_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De, A., & Maitra, A. (2019). Radiometric measurements of Ka-band attenuation during rain events at a tropical location. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738142"},{"key":"7598_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nandi, D., & Maitra, A. (2019). The effects of rain on millimeter wave communication for tropical region. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20133). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738591"},{"key":"7598_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma, A. K., Nandan, R., & Verma, M. A. (2019). Rain drop size distribution and variability of specific rain attenuation for Indian Climate. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738722"},{"key":"7598_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, C., & Duan, S. (2019). The study on characteristics of rain attenuation along 28 GHz and 38 GHz line-of-sight millimeter-wave links. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20133). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738378"},{"key":"7598_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156110","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2949437","volume":"7","author":"J Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, J., Cao, Y., Raimundo, X., Cheema, A., & Salous, S. (2019). Rain statistics investigation and rain attenuation modeling for millimeter wave short-range fixed links. IEEE Access, 7, 156110\u2013156120.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"7598_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khuba, S. K., Agarwal, K., & Ratnakara, K. (2019). An innovative approach to interference geolocation using rain fade. In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific radio science conference (AP-RASC) (pp. 1\u20133). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIAP-RASC.2019.8738239"},{"issue":"1\u201316","key":"7598_CR28","first-page":"1712791","volume":"2019","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shrestha, S., & Choi, D. Y. (2019). Rain attenuation study over an 18 GHz terrestrial microwave link in South Korea. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2019(1\u201316), 1712791.","journal-title":"International Journal of Antennas and Propagation"},{"key":"7598_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2019.03.005","volume":"188","author":"KC Igwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Igwe, K. C., Oyedum, O. D., Ajewole, M. O., & Aibinu, A. M. (2019). Evaluation of some rain attenuation prediction models for satellite communication at Ku and Ka bands. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 188, 52\u201361.","journal-title":"Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics"},{"issue":"1","key":"7598_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12647-018-0295-z","volume":"34","author":"FA Semire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Semire, F. A., Mohd-Mokhtar, R., & Akanbi, I. A. (2019). Validation of new ITU-R rain attenuation prediction model over Malaysia equatorial region. MAPAN, 34(1), 71\u201377.","journal-title":"MAPAN"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08370-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000}}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T19:55:14Z","timestamp":1623959714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07598-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2021","order":2,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":3,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":4,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08370-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08370-x","order":5,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}