{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:01:11Z","timestamp":1757451671231,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T18:37:32Z","timestamp":1613673452000},"page":"3435-3455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["High Transconductance Gain Current Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers Using a New Approach of gm Boosting"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Raviraj","family":"Kour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1369-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishikesh","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-0166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shireesh Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"8187_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1968.6591","volume":"56","author":"KC Smith","year":"1968","unstructured":"Smith, K. C., & Sedra, A. (1968). The current conveyor: a new circuit building block. Proceedings of the IEEE, 56(3), 1368\u20131369.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE"},{"issue":"7","key":"8187_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19890323","volume":"25","author":"B Wilson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wilson, B. (1989). Universal conveyor instrumentation amplifier. Electronics Letters, 25(7), 470\u2013471.","journal-title":"Electronics Letters"},{"issue":"2","key":"8187_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-g-2.1991.0039","volume":"138","author":"SI Liu","year":"1991","unstructured":"Liu, S. I., Tsao, H. W., & Wu, J. (1991). CCII-based continuous time filters with reduced gain-bandwidth sensitivity. IEE Proceedings of Circuits, Devices and Systems, 138(2), 210\u2013216.","journal-title":"IEE Proceedings of Circuits, Devices and Systems"},{"key":"8187_CR4","unstructured":"Herencsar, N., Koton, J., Lattenberg, I., & Vrba K. (2008). Signal-flow graphs for current-mode universal filter design using current follower transconductance amplifiers (CFTAs). In Proceedings of the applied electronics\u2014APPEL\u201908 (pp. 113\u2013116)."},{"key":"8187_CR5","unstructured":"Biolek, D. (2003). CDTA- building block for current-mode analog signal processing. In Proceedings of the European conference on circuit theory and design (pp. 397\u2013400)."},{"key":"8187_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumawipata, T., Tangsrirat, W., & Surakampontorn, W. (2006). Current mode universal filter with four inputs and one output using CDTAs. In IEEE Asia Pacific conference on circuits and systems (APCCAS) (pp. 892\u2013895).","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2006.342185"},{"key":"8187_CR7","unstructured":"Winai J., & Siripruchyanun, M. (2006). Current controlled current differencing transconductance amplifier (CCCDTA): a new building block and its applications. In Proceedings of ECTI conference (pp. 348\u2013351)."},{"key":"8187_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keskin, A.U., Biolek, D., Hancioglu, E., & Biolkova, V. (2006). Current mode KHN filter employing current differencing transconductance amplifier. AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 60 (6), 443\u2013446.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2005.09.003"},{"key":"8187_CR9","unstructured":"Uygur, A., & Kuntman, H. (2006). Low-voltage current differencing transconductance amplifier in a novel all pass configuration. In Proceedings of IEEE electrotechnical conference (pp. 23\u201326)."},{"issue":"2","key":"8187_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2007.03.003","volume":"62","author":"D Biolek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Biolek, D., Hancioglu, E., & Keskin, A. \u00dc. (2008). High-performance current differencing transconductance amplifier and its application in precision current-mode rectification. International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 62(2), 92\u201396.","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronics and Communication"},{"key":"8187_CR11","unstructured":"Somdunyakanok, M., Siripruchyanun, M., & Prommee, P. (2009) CMOS multiple-output CDTA and its applications. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on technical education (pp. 184\u2013187)."},{"issue":"5","key":"8187_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-010-9254-9","volume":"30","author":"F Khateb","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khateb, F., & Biolek, D. (2011). Bulk-driven current differencing transconductance amplifier. Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, 30(5), 1071\u20131089.","journal-title":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"8187_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-014-0345-6","volume":"81","author":"E Alaybeyoglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alaybeyoglu, E., G\u00fcney, A., Altun, M., & Kuntman, H. (2014). Design of positive feedback driven current-mode amplifiers Z-copy CDBA and CDTA, and filter applications. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 81(1), 109\u2013120.","journal-title":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"8187_CR14","first-page":"512","volume":"23","author":"J Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu, J., Wang, C., Jin, J., & Xia, Z. (2014). Low-voltage high-linearity wideband current differencing transconductance amplifier and its application on current-mode active filter. Radio Engineering, 23(1), 512\u2013522.","journal-title":"Radio Engineering"},{"key":"8187_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, Z., Wang, C., Kuang, J., & Jin, J. (2016). A novel \u00b1 0.8 V high-performance voltage-tunable CDTA with enhanced bandwidth. International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 103(4), 704\u2013721.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207217.2015.1036813"},{"issue":"1","key":"8187_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-015-0538-7","volume":"84","author":"SK Rai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., & Gupta, M. (2015). A transconductance boosted CMOS current differencing transconductance amplifier (TBCDTA) and its application. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 84(1), 75\u201388.","journal-title":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"15","key":"8187_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2016.04.075","volume":"127","author":"SK Rai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., & Gupta, M. (2016). Performance enhancement of current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) by using a new approach of gm boosting and its application. Optik, 127(15), 6103\u20136114.","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"2","key":"8187_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-015-0675-z","volume":"86","author":"SK Rai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., & Gupta, M. (2016). Current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) with enhanced performance and its application. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 86(2), 307\u2013319.","journal-title":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"6","key":"8187_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.12.112","volume":"127","author":"SK Rai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., & Gupta, M. (2016). Current differencing transconductance amplifier (CDTA) with high transconductance and its application in filter and oscillator. Optik, 127(6), 3388\u20133396.","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"8187_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., & Gupta, M. (2016). An improved CMOS current differencing transconductance amplifier and its application.\u00a0In 3rd International conference on signal processing and integrated networks (SPIN) (pp. 394\u2013399).","DOI":"10.1109\/SPIN.2016.7566726"},{"issue":"2","key":"8187_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2934-9","volume":"86","author":"J Jin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jin, J. (2016). Multifunction current differencing cascaded transconductance amplifier (MCDTA) and its application to current mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator. Wireless Personal Communications, 86(2), 367\u2013383.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"8187_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1305-262","volume":"24","author":"E Alaybeyo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alaybeyo, E., & Kuntman, H. H. (2016). A new CMOS ZC-CDTA realization and its filter applications. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, 24(3), 746\u2013761.","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"8187_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"29","author":"SK Rai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., Pandey, R., & Garg, B. (2019). Design of current differencing transconductance amplifier using a novel approach of transconductance boosting for high frequency applications. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 29(4), 1\u201327.","journal-title":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers"},{"key":"8187_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1909-125","author":"SK Rai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rai, S. K., Pandey, R., Garg, B., & Patel, S. K. (2020). A novel design of current differencing transconductance amplifier with high transconductance and enhanced bandwidth. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/elk-1909-125.","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences"},{"key":"8187_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gangal, A., Bhanoo, V., & Pandey, N. (2020). Low transconductance M-CDTA block and its application in biomedical signal processing. In IEEE international conference on electronics and sustainable communication systems (ICESC) (pp. 1101\u20131107).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICESC48915.2020.9155787"},{"issue":"8","key":"8187_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds.2019.0494","volume":"14","author":"A Malcher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malcher, A., Kristof, A., & Pulka, A. (2020). Digitally programmable modified current differencing transconductance amplifier in 40-nm technology: design flow, parameter analyses and applications. IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, 14(8), 1272\u20131282.","journal-title":"IET Circuits, Devices and Systems"},{"key":"8187_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, S., Jain, S., Pandey, R., & Pandey, N. (2020). Adaptive biased current differencing transconductance amplifier, AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153494.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153494"},{"issue":"2","key":"8187_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126611007190","volume":"20","author":"W Tangsrirat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tangsrirat, W., Pukkalanun, T., & Surakampontorn, W. (2011). Synthesis of current differencing transconductance amplifier based current limiters and its applications. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 20(2), 185\u2013206.","journal-title":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers"},{"issue":"3","key":"8187_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470-009-9310-1","volume":"61","author":"D Prasad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prasad, D., Bhaskar, D. R., & Singh, A. K. (2009). Multi-function biquad using single current differencing transconductance amplifier. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 61(3), 309\u2013313.","journal-title":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"key":"8187_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uygur A., & Kuntman, H. (2007). Seventh-order elliptic video filter with 0.1 dB pass band ripple employing CMOS CDTAs. AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 61 (5), 320\u2013328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2006.06.002"},{"key":"8187_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumngern, M., & Torteanchai, U. (2017) Four-input four-output current-mode multifunction filter using CDTAs. In 2nd International conferences on information technology on information systems and electrical engineering (ICITISEE), (pp. 436\u2013439).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITISEE.2017.8285545"},{"key":"8187_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh, D., Paul, S. K. (2020). Realization of current mode universal shadow filter, AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153494.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2020.153494"},{"key":"8187_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07252-y","volume":"113","author":"S Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta, S., & Rai, S. K. (2020). New grounded and floating decremental\/incremental memristor emulators based on CDTA and its application. Wireless Personal Communications, 113, 773\u2013798.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"8187_CR34","first-page":"194","volume":"19","author":"D Prasad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Prasad, D., Bhaskar, D. R., & Singh, A. K. (2010). New grounded and floating simulated inductance circuits using current differencing transconductance amplifiers. Radio Engineering, 19(1), 194\u2013198.","journal-title":"Radio Engineering"},{"key":"8187_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siripruchyanun, M., & Jaikla, W. (2008). A current-mode analog multiplier\/divider based on CCCDTA. AEU: International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 62 (3), 223\u2013227.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2007.03.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"8187_CR36","first-page":"42","volume":"2","author":"P Silapan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silapan, P., & Chanapormma, C. (2011). A temperature-insensitive simple current-mode multiplier\/divider employing only multiple-output CDTA. International Journal of Electronics and Power Engineering, 2(3), 42\u201345.","journal-title":"International Journal of Electronics and Power Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"8187_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-014-9921-3","volume":"34","author":"Z Xia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xia, Z., Wang, C., Jin, J., Du, S., Lin, H., & Yang, H. (2015). Novel AM\/FM\/ASK\/FSK\/PSK\/QAM signal generator based on a digitally programmable CDTA. Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, 34(5), 1635\u20131653.","journal-title":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"8187_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-007-9010-y","volume":"27","author":"W Tangsrirat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tangsrirat, W., & Tanjaroen, W. (2008). Current-mode multiphase sinusoidal oscillator using current differencing transconductance amplifiers. Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, 27(1), 81\u201393.","journal-title":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing"},{"key":"8187_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin J., & Wang, C. (2014). CDTA-based electronically tunable current-mode quadrature oscillator, AEU: International Journal of Electronics, 101(8), 1086\u20131095.","DOI":"10.1080\/00207217.2013.805394"},{"key":"8187_CR40","first-page":"7","volume":"23","author":"HC Chien","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chien, H. C. (2016). Current mode resistorless sinusoidal oscillators and a dual phase square wave generator using current controlled current differencing transconductance amplifiers and grounded capacitors. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 23, 7\u201319.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"8187_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126614501011","volume":"23","author":"F Kacar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kacar, F., & Basak, M. E. (2014). A new mixed mode full-wave rectifier realization with current differencing transconductance amplifier. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 23(7), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers"}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T08:24:25Z","timestamp":1622103865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["8187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08187-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0929-6212"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-834X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}