{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T16:55:19Z","timestamp":1780332919882,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1617130963000},"page":"3651-3670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["NLOS Identification for Localization Based on the Application of UWB"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Meiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1979-7761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xizhong","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruwen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"8425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2681398","volume":"66","author":"AR Ruiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruiz, A. R., & Granja, F. S. (2017). Comparing ubisens, bespoon, and deca wave UWB location systems: Indoor performance analysis. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 66(8), 2106\u20132117.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"8425_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, A., Shimada, N., & Itami, M. (2018). Performance analysis of UWB positioning system at the crossing. In 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Maui, HI, (pp. 786\u2013791).","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2018.8569309"},{"key":"8425_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsindi, N., Duan, C., Zhang, J., & Tsuboi, T. (2009). NLOS channel identification and mitigation in Ultra Wideband ToA-based Wireless Sensor Networks. In 6th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication, Hannover, Germany, (pp. 59\u201366).","DOI":"10.1109\/WPNC.2009.4907804"},{"key":"8425_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsindi, N., Alavi, B. & Pahlavan, K. (2007). Spatial characteristics of UWB TOA-based ranging in indoor multipath environments. In IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Athens, Greece, (pp. 1\u20136).","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2007.4394445"},{"issue":"2","key":"8425_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2008.4560210","volume":"44","author":"DB Jourdan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jourdan, D. B., Dardari, D., & Win, M. Z. (2008). Position error bound for UWB localization in dense cluttered environments. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 44(2), 613\u2013628.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems"},{"key":"8425_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alavi, B., & Pahlavan, K. (2005). Analysis of undetected direct path in time of arrival based UWB indoor geolocation. In VTC-2005-Fall. 2005 IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference, Dallas, USA, (pp. 2627\u20132631).","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECF.2005.1559025"},{"issue":"10","key":"8425_CR7","first-page":"120","volume":"29","author":"B Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang, B., Xiong, H., Ding, H., Hu, T., & Yang, F. (2015). TDOA positioning algorithm for wireless sensor networks using NLOS identification mitigation. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology, 29(10), 120\u2013126.","journal-title":"Journal of Chongqing University of Technology"},{"key":"8425_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guvenc, I., Chong, C., & Watanabe, F. (2007). NLOS identification and mitigation for UWB localization systems. In 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Kowloon, China, (pp. 1571\u20131576).","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2007.296"},{"key":"8425_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi, A., & Kahaei, M. H. (2009). Improving source localization in LOS and NLOS multipath environments for UWB signals. In 14th International CSI Computer Conference, Tehran, Iran, (pp. 310\u2013316).","DOI":"10.1109\/CSICC.2009.5349366"},{"issue":"7","key":"8425_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2010.100907","volume":"28","author":"S Maran\u00f2","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maran\u00f2, S., Gifford, W. M., Wymeersch, H., & Win, M. Z. (2010). NLOS identification and mitigation for localization based on UWB experimental data. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 28(7), 1026\u20131035.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"8425_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2903042","volume":"23","author":"M Golestanian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golestanian, M., & Poellabauer, C. (2019). VariLoc: Path loss exponent estimation and localization using multi-range beaconing. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(4), 724\u2013727.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"8425_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsindi, N., Li, X., & Pahlavan, K. (2004). Performance of TOA estimation algorithms in different indoor multipath conditions. In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Atlanta, USA, (pp. 495\u2013500).","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2004.1311594"},{"issue":"24","key":"8425_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3390\/s19245547","volume":"19","author":"S Kram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kram, S., Stahlke, M., & Feigl, T. (2019). UWB channel impulse responses for positioning in complex environments: A detailed feature analysis. SENSORS, 19(24), 1424\u20138220.","journal-title":"SENSORS"},{"issue":"7","key":"8425_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2015.2439371","volume":"33","author":"TV Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen, T. V., Jeong, Y., Shin, H., & Win, M. Z. (2015). Machine learning for wideband localization. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(7), 1\u20131.","journal-title":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications"},{"key":"8425_CR15","unstructured":"DW1000 User Manual (2019) Retrieved June 19, 2019, from https:\/\/www.decawave.com\/dw1000-\/usermanual\/."},{"key":"8425_CR16","unstructured":"APS006_Part-3-DW1000-Diagnostics-for-NLOS-Channels_v1.1 (2019) Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https:\/\/www.decawave.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/APS006_Part-3-DW1000-Diagnostics-for-NLOS-Channels_v1.1.pdf"},{"issue":"10","key":"8425_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2014.2382123","volume":"26","author":"J Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu, J., & Yang, H. (2015). Linear regression-based efficient svm learning for large-scale classification. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 26(10), 2357\u20132369.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"8425_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-018-09975-3","volume":"50","author":"A Kocao\u011flu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kocao\u011flu, A. (2019). An efficient SMO algorithm for solving non-smooth problem arising in \"-insensitive support vector regression. Neural Processing Letters, 50(1), 933\u2013955.","journal-title":"Neural Processing Letters"},{"key":"8425_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, P., Ma, Q., & Hong, L. (2009). The research of the parallel SMO algorithm for solving SVM. In\u00a0International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Hebei, China. (pp. 1271\u20131274).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLC.2009.5212348"},{"key":"8425_CR20","unstructured":"DW1000 Datasheet. Retrieved June 19, 2019, from https:\/\/www.decawave.com\/dw1000-\/datasheet\/."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08539-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000}}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T19:13:35Z","timestamp":1630091615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08425-z","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08539-4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 March 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2021","order":3,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":4,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":5,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08539-4","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08539-4","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The code required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study. The simply code are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}}]}}