{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T21:36:06Z","timestamp":1775079366869,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T03:30:44Z","timestamp":1635564644000},"page":"2589-2608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Energy Efficient Enhanced OLSR Routing Protocol Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Certificate Revocation Scheme for VANET"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"BrijilalRuban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Paramasivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"8838_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2016.08.118","volume":"25","author":"GS Chirayil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chirayil, G. S., & Ashly, T. (2016). A study on cost effectiveness and security of VANET technologies for future enhancement. Procedia Technology, 25, 356\u2013363.","journal-title":"Procedia Technology"},{"key":"8838_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.02.017","volume":"44","author":"F Cunha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cunha, F., et al. (2016). Data communication invanets: Protocols, applications and challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 44, 90\u2013103.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"8838_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.03.069","volume":"117","author":"GGMN Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali, G. G. M. N., et al. (2016). Efficient data dissemination in cooperative multi-RSU vehicular ad hoc networks (Vanets). Journal of Systems and Software, 117, 508\u2013527.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"8838_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.03.073","volume":"86","author":"GGMN Ali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ali, G. G. M. N., Chan, E., & Li, W. (2013). Supporting real-time multiple data items query in multi-RSU vehicular ad hoc networks (Vanets). Journal of Systems and Software, 86, 2127\u20132142.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"key":"8838_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.07.008","volume":"10","author":"T-Y Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, T.-Y., et al. (2012). Improving RSU service time by distributed sorting mechanism. Ad Hoc Networks, 10, 212\u2013221.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"8838_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2017.03.006","volume":"61","author":"F Sakiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakiz, F., & Sen, S. (2017). A survey of attacks and detection mechanisms on intelligent transportation systems: Vanets and Iov. Ad Hoc Networks, 61, 33\u201350.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"key":"8838_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2016.11.003","volume":"18","author":"P Tyagi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tyagi, P., & Dembla, D. (2017). Performance analysis and implementation of proposed mechanism for detection and prevention of security attacks in routing protocols of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). Egyptian Informatics Journal, 18, 133\u2013139.","journal-title":"Egyptian Informatics Journal"},{"key":"8838_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2016.04.002","volume":"66","author":"JM Garc\u00eda-Campos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Campos, J. M., et al. (2016). An evaluation methodology for reliable simulation based studies of routing protocols in vanets. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 66, 139\u2013165.","journal-title":"Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory"},{"key":"8838_CR9","first-page":"690","volume":"8","author":"K Purohit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Purohit, K., Dimri, S., & Jasola, S. (2016). Performance evaluation of various MANET routing protocols for adaptability in VANET environment. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 8, 690\u2013702.","journal-title":"International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"},{"key":"8838_CR10","first-page":"18","volume":"9","author":"A Husain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Husain, A., & Sharma, S. (2016). Implementation of geographical location based routing protocols in vehicular environment. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 9, 18\u201325.","journal-title":"International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"8838_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-015-2320-7","volume":"82","author":"R Raw","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raw, R., Lobiyal, D., Das, S., & Kumar, S. (2015). Analytical evaluation of directional-location aided routing protocol for VANETs. Wireless Personal Communications, 82(3), 1877\u20131891.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"8838_CR12","first-page":"18","volume":"9","author":"A Husain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Husain, A., & Sharma, S. C. (2016). Implementation of geographical location based routing protocols in vehicular environment. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 9(1), 18\u201325.","journal-title":"International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management"},{"key":"8838_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-012-0208-9","volume":"16","author":"J Toutouh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Toutouh, J., Nesmachnow, S., & Alba, E. (2012). Fast energy-aware OLSR routing in vanets by means of a parallel evolutionary algorithm. Cluster Computing, 16, 435\u2013450.","journal-title":"Cluster Computing"},{"key":"8838_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2014.01.002","volume":"21","author":"C Ganan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganan, C., et al. (2015). EPA: An efficient and privacy-aware revocation mechanism for vehicular ad hoc networks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 21, 75\u201391.","journal-title":"Pervasive and Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"2","key":"8838_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2013.10.003","volume":"40","author":"A Daeinabi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daeinabi, A., & Rahbar, A. G. (2014). An advanced security scheme based on clustering and key distribution in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 40(2), 517\u2013529.","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"8838_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2016.11.011","volume":"64","author":"AI Saleh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saleh, A. I., Gamel, S. A., & Abo-Al-Ez, K. M. (2016). A reliable routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 64, 473\u2013495.","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"8838_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2013.04.004","volume":"59","author":"S Bitam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bitam, S., Mellouk, A., & Zeadally, S. (2013). Hybr: A hybrid bio-inspired bee swarm routing protocol for safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (Vanets). Journal of Systems Architecture, 59, 953\u2013967.","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Architecture"},{"key":"8838_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2015.08.003","volume":"47","author":"N Mirjazaee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirjazaee, N., & Moghim, N. (2015). An opportunistic routing based on symmetrical traffic distribution in vehicular networks. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 47, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"8838_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Yang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Improved AODV routing protocol based on restricted broadcasting by communication zones in large-scale VANET. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(3), 857\u2013872.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-015-1585-1"}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:16:06Z","timestamp":1638303366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-08838-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The already existing algorithms data used to support the findings of this study have not been made available.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability Statement"}}]}}