{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:01:08Z","timestamp":1781107268955,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T05:06:51Z","timestamp":1638421611000},"page":"1923-1943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["On Channel Estimation for Rician Fading with the Phase-Shift in Cell-Free Massive MIMO System"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6158-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamal","family":"Amadid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Boulouird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelfettah","family":"Belhabib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelouhab","family":"Zeroual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"9436_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanguinetti, L., B\u00f6jrnson, E., & J Hoydis. (2019). Toward massive MIMO 2.0: Understanding spatial correlation, interference suppression, and pilot contamination. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(1), 232\u2013257.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2945792"},{"issue":"2","key":"9436_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1800140","volume":"26","author":"E Bjornson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bjornson, E., Van der Perre, L., Buzzi, S., & Larsson, E. G. (2019). Massive MIMO in sub-6 Ghz and mmWave: Physical, practical, and use-case differences. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(2), 100\u2013108.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"11","key":"9436_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2010.092810.091092","volume":"9","author":"TL Marzetta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marzetta, T. L. (2010). Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 9(11), 3590\u20133600.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., & Marzetta, T. L. (2014). A macro cellular wireless network with uniformly high user throughputs. In 2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall) (pp. 1\u20135). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2014.6965818"},{"issue":"4","key":"9436_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOMSTD.2017.1700042","volume":"1","author":"S Parkvall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parkvall, S., Dahlman, Erik, Furuskar, A., & Frenne, M. (2017). NR: The new 5G radio access technology. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 1(4), 24\u201330.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Standards Magazine"},{"key":"9436_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2556011","volume":"4","author":"M Jaber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jaber, M., Imran, M. A., Tafazolli, R., & Tukmanov, A. (2016). 5G backhaul challenges and emerging research directions: A survey. IEEE Access, 4, 1743\u20131766.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"9436_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2655515","volume":"16","author":"HQ Ngo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngo, H. Q., Ashikhmin, A., Yang, H., Larsson, E. G., & Marzetta, T. L. (2017). Cell-free massive MIMO versus small cells. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(3), 1834\u20131850.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Interdonato, G., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Ngo, H. Q., Frenger, P., & Larsson, E. G. (2019). Ubiquitous cell-free massive mimo communications. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2019(1), 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1507-0"},{"key":"9436_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Interdonato, G. (2020). Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Scalability, Signal Processing and Power Control, vol. 2090. Link\u00f6ping University Electronic Press.","DOI":"10.3384\/diss.diva-167218"},{"issue":"7","key":"9436_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2987311","volume":"68","author":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil, & Sanguinetti, L. (2020). Scalable cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(7), 4247\u20134261.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"8","key":"9436_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2049996","volume":"58","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Zakhour, R., Gesbert, D., & Ottersten, B. (2010). Cooperative multicell precoding: Rate region characterization and distributed strategies with instantaneous and statistical CSI. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 58(8), 4298\u20134310.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"9436_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngo, H. Q., Ashikhmin, A., Yang, H., Larsson, E. G., & Marzetta, T. L. (2015). Cell-free massive mimo: Uniformly great service for everyone. In 2015 IEEE 16th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) (pp. 201\u2013205). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2015.7227028"},{"issue":"3","key":"9436_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1186553","volume":"41","author":"S Zhou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Zhao, M., Xibin, X., Wang, J., & Yao, Yan. (2003). Distributed wireless communication system: A new architecture for future public wireless access. IEEE Communications Magazine, 41(3), 108\u2013113.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"key":"9436_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truong, K. T., & Heath, R. W. (2013). The viability of distributed antennas for massive MIMO systems. In 2013 Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, (pp. 1318\u20131323). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2013.6810508"},{"issue":"1","key":"9436_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2007.05207","volume":"6","author":"W Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi, W., & Andrews, J. G. (2007). Downlink performance and capacity of distributed antenna systems in a multicell environment. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 6(1), 69\u201373.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"9436_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2010.5490981","volume":"17","author":"Daniel Castanheira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Castanheira, Daniel, & Gameiro, A. (2010). Distributed antenna system capacity scaling [coordinated and distributed MIMO]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 17(3), 68\u201375.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"4","key":"9436_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6495775","volume":"51","author":"Robert Heath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heath, Robert, Peters, S., Wang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2013). A current perspective on distributed antenna systems for the downlink of cellular systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(4), 161\u2013167.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"12","key":"9436_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6086","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2165706","volume":"59","author":"Emil Bjornson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bjornson, Emil, Jalden, N., Bengtsson, M., & Ottersten, B. (2011). Optimality properties, distributed strategies, and measurement-based evaluation of coordinated multicell OFDMA transmission. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59(12), 6086\u20136101.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"11","key":"9436_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5299","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2935434","volume":"18","author":"\u00d6zgecan \u00d6zdogan","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6zdogan, \u00d6zgecan., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Zhang, J. (2019). Performance of cell-free massive MIMO with Rician fading and phase shifts. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 18(11), 5299\u20135315.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Interdonato, G., Ngo, H. Q., Larsson, E. G., & Frenger, P. (2016). On the performance of cell-free massive mimo with short-term power constraints. In 2016 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Computer Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD) (pp. 225\u2013230). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2016.7790362"},{"issue":"7","key":"9436_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2987311","volume":"68","author":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil, & Sanguinetti, Luca. (2020). Scalable cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(7), 4247\u20134261.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55302","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2872715","volume":"6","author":"Jiayi Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Jiayi, Wei, Yinghua, Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Han, Y., & Jin, S. (2018). Performance analysis and power control of cell-free massive MIMO systems with hardware impairments. IEEE Access, 6, 55302\u201355314.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9436_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Bo, A., I. (2020). Uplink performance of cell-free massive mimo over spatially correlated Rician fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP49889.2020.9299675"},{"key":"9436_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu\u011ffe Demir,\u00d6., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Sanguinetti, L. (2021). Foundations of user-centric cell-free massive mimo. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.02541.","DOI":"10.1561\/9781680837919"},{"issue":"5","key":"9436_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2893221","volume":"67","author":"\u00d6 \u00d6zdogan","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d6zdogan, \u00d6., Bj\u00f6rnson, E., & Larsson, E. G. (2019). Massive MIMO with spatially correlated Rician fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 67(5), 3234\u20133250.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai, T. C., Ngo, H. Q., & Duong, T. Q. (2018). Cell-free massive mimo systems with multi-antenna users. In 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) (pp. 828\u2013832). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2018.8646330"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9436_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1561\/2000000093","volume":"11","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson, E., Hoydis, J., & Sanguinetti, L. (2017). Massive MIMO networks: Spectral, energy, and hardware efficiency. Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing, 11(3\u20134), 154\u2013655.","journal-title":"Foundations and Trends in Signal Processing"},{"key":"9436_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marzetta, T. L., & Ngo, H. G. (2016). Fundamentals of massive MIMO. Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316799895"},{"key":"9436_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulraj, A., Roy, R., & Kailath, T. (1985). Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques-esprit. In 1985 Nineteeth Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems and Computers (pp. 83\u201389). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.1985.671426"},{"key":"9436_CR30","unstructured":"Schmidt, R. O. (1982). A signal subspace approach to multiple emitter location and spectral estimation."},{"key":"9436_CR31","unstructured":"Kay, S. M. (1993). Fundamentals of statistical signal processing. Prentice Hall PTR."},{"key":"9436_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Interdonato, G., Frenger, P., & Larsson, E. G. (2019). Scalability aspects of cell-free massive MIMO. In ICC 2019-2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761828"},{"issue":"7","key":"9436_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2698449","volume":"16","author":"E Nayebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nayebi, E., Ashikhmin, A., Marzetta, T. L., Yang, H., & Rao, B. D. (2017). Precoding and power optimization in cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(7), 4445\u20134459.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"9436_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayebi, E., Ashikhmin, A, Marzetta, T. L., & Yang, H. (2015). Cell-free massive mimo systems. In 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (pp. 695\u2013699). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2015.7421222"},{"key":"9436_CR35","unstructured":"3rd generation partnership project, technical specification group radio access network; spatial channel model for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) simulations. 3GPP TR 25.996 V14.0.0, Mar. 2017."}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T06:19:13Z","timestamp":1653286753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-021-09436-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-351172\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}