{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:44:07Z","timestamp":1773931447609,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Electronics Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A compact planar antenna is proposed to operate in five millimeter-wave frequency bands at 28, 51, 55, 59, and 63\u00a0GHz. The antenna is designed to produce circular polarization at 28\u00a0GHz and linear polarization at the other four frequencies. The 28\u00a0GHz frequency band is recommended for long range communications, whereas the other four frequencies are recommended for short range communications due to the atmospheric absorption in this range of the millimeter-wave frequencies and to provide more secure communications. The reasons behind the selection of the specific values of the higher frequency bands (51, 55, 59, and 63\u00a0GHz) are (i) to provide enough number of multiple bands at such unlicensed frequency range to be used as alternatives for different applications, (ii) to give about 4\u00a0GHz separation between the center frequencies of each band and, (iii) finally, to avoid the operation at 60\u00a0GHz, in particular, due to the peak atmospheric absorption of millimeter-wave encountered at this frequency. The antenna is constructed as a square patch surrounded by five parasitic elements that are capacitively coupled to the square patch so as to realize the location of the resonant frequencies of the higher frequency bands. The antenna is fabricated and its performance is experimentally evaluated. The proposed antenna is shown to operate efficiently over the five frequency bands 28, 51, 55, 59, and 63\u00a0GHz providing impedance matching bandwidths of 2.0, 0.9, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.6\u00a0GHz, respectively. The corresponding values of the maximum gain are 7.0, 6.8, 6.0, 6.0, and 8.0\u00a0dBi, respectively. Also, the corresponding radiation efficiencies are 90, 90, 91, 78, and 86%, respectively. The 3\u00a0dB-axial ratio bandwidth at 28\u00a0GHz is about 1.2\u00a0GHz.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-023-10211-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T06:07:12Z","timestamp":1678774032000},"page":"1841-1864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Five-Band Millimeter-Wave Antenna of Circular\/Linear Polarization for Forthcoming Generations of Mobile Handsets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Rania R.","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8834-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid F. A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa E.","family":"Farahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.47037\/2020.ACES.J.360308","volume":"36","author":"AE Farahat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Farahat, A. E., & Hussein, K. F. A. (2021). Dual-band (28\/38 GHz) MIMO antenna system for 5G mobile communications with efficient DoA estimation algorithm in noisy channels. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 36(3), 282\u2013294.","journal-title":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10211_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.33024","volume":"63","author":"M AboEl-Hassan","year":"2021","unstructured":"AboEl-Hassan, M., Farahat, A. E., & Hussein, K. F. A. (2021). Compact-size quad-band patch antenna for 5G mobile communications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 63(12), 3067\u20133071.","journal-title":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters"},{"key":"10211_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERC20022603","volume":"101","author":"AE Farahat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farahat, A. E., & Hussein, K. F. A. (2020). 28\/38 GHz dual-band Yagi-Uda antenna with corrugated radiator and enhanced reflectors for 5G MIMO antenna systems. Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, 101, 159\u2013172.","journal-title":"Progress in Electromagnetics Research C"},{"key":"10211_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2018.5122","volume":"13","author":"ME Yassin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yassin, M. E., Mohamed, H. A., Abdallah, E. A., & El-Hennawy, H. M. S. (2019). Single fed 4G\/5G multiband 2.4\/5.5\/28 GHz antenna. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 13, 286\u2013290.","journal-title":"IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation"},{"key":"10211_CR5","unstructured":"European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC). The use of radio frequencies above 20 Ghz by fixed services And Eng\/Ob. ERC REPORT 33"},{"issue":"12","key":"10211_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2022.04.025","volume":"61","author":"A Abinash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abinash, A., Jamaluddin, M. H., Alali, B., & Althuwayb, A. A. (2022). A novel wide dual band circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for milli-meter wave 5G applications. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 10791\u201310803.","journal-title":"Alexandria Engineering Journal"},{"key":"10211_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singhwal, S. S., Kanaujia, B. K., Singh, A., & Kishor, J. (2019). Dual band circularly polarized antenna for Ka band applications. 2019 Women Institute of Technology Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (WITCON ECE) (pp. 159\u2013161). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WITCONECE48374.2019.9092904"},{"issue":"3","key":"10211_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-021-00770-1","volume":"42","author":"F Alnemr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alnemr, F., Ahmed, M. F., & Shaalan, A. A. (2021). A compact 28\/38 GHz MIMO circularly polarized antenna for 5G applications. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 42(3), 338\u2013355.","journal-title":"Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves"},{"key":"10211_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliakbari, H., Abdipour, A., Mirzavand, R., Costanzo, A., & Mousavi, P. (2016). A single feed dual-band circularly polarized millimeter-wave antenna for 5G communication. 2016 10th European conference on antennas and propagation (EuCAP) (pp. 1\u20135). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2016.7481318"},{"issue":"10","key":"10211_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2018.0085","volume":"12","author":"J Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan, J., Jiang, W., Gong, S., Cheng, T., Ren, J., & Zhang, K. (2018). Design of a dual-beam cavity-backed patch antenna for future fifth generation wireless networks. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 12(10), 1700\u20131703.","journal-title":"IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation"},{"key":"10211_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raj, S., Kishore, N., Upadhyay, G., Tripathi, S., & Tripathi, V. S. (2018). A compact design of circularly polarized fractal patch antenna for 5G application. In 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference (IMaRC) (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMaRC.2018.8877167"},{"key":"10211_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Hassan, M. A., Farahat, A. E., & Hussein, K. F. (2021). Circularly polarized 28 GHz compact patch antenna for 5G mobile communications. 2021 International Telecommunications Conference (ITC-Egypt) (pp. 1\u20136). 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