{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:40:11Z","timestamp":1778787611029,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T09:17:54Z","timestamp":1758014274000},"page":"437-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Energy-Aware Congestion Control in WBAN-SDN Based on a Metaheuristic Approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Javad","family":"Mozaffari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abdollahi Azgomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halimeh","family":"Madadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Ebrahimi Dishabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"11814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3390\/s140101322","volume":"14","author":"JI Bangash","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bangash, J. I., Abdullah, A. H., Anisi, M. H., & Khan, A. W. (2014). A survey of routing protocols in wireless body sensor networks. Sensors (Basel), 14(1), 1322\u20131357.","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"11814_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mainanwal, V., Gupta, M., & Upadhayay, S. K. A survey on wireless body area network: Security technology and its design methodology issue, in 2015 international conference on innovations in information, embedded and communication systems (ICIIECS), 2015, pp. 1\u20135: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIIECS.2015.7193088"},{"key":"11814_CR3","unstructured":"Samra, N. K., Kaur, R., & Kaur, B. P. A Novel Approach for Energy Efficiency and Congestion Control in WBAN, in 2019 6th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2019, pp. 719\u2013723: IEEE."},{"key":"11814_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.03.002","volume":"52","author":"A Ghaffari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghaffari, A. (2015). Congestion control mechanisms in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 52, 101\u2013115.","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Computer Applications"},{"key":"11814_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coello, C. C., & Lechuga, M. S. (2002). MOPSO: A proposal for multiple objective particle swarm optimization, in Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. CEC\u201902 (Cat. No. 02TH8600), vol. 2, pp. 1051\u20131056: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2002.1004388"},{"issue":"1","key":"11814_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWMC.2018.089986","volume":"14","author":"F Pasandideh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasandideh, F., & Rezaee, A. A. (2018). A fuzzy priority based congestion control scheme in wireless body area networks. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 14(1), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"11814_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.29304\/jqcm.2023.15.3.1268","volume":"15","author":"AS Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. S., & Salah, H. A. (2023). Development a software defined network (SDN) with internet of things (IoT) security for medical issues. Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics, 15(3), 98\u2013116.","journal-title":"Journal of Al-Qadisiyah for Computer Science and Mathematics"},{"key":"11814_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03367-9","author":"A Nazari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nazari, A., Kordabadi, M., Mohammadi, R., & Lal, C. (2023). EQRSRL: An energy-aware and QoS-based routing schema using reinforcement learning in IoMT. Wireless Networks. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11276-023-03367-9","journal-title":"Wireless Networks"},{"key":"11814_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedi, P., Das, S., & Goyal, S. (2023). Energy-Optimized Routing Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Network Using Optimization Algorithm, in Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence, pp. 425\u2013439: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-3716-5_36"},{"issue":"4","key":"11814_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app13042190","volume":"13","author":"K Zaman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zaman, K. (2023). EEDLABA: Energy-efficient distance-and link-aware body area routing protocol based on clustering mechanism for wireless body sensor network. Applied Sciences, 13(4), Article 2190.","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"11814_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-023-02096-1","volume":"48","author":"D Saxena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saxena, D., & Patel, P. (2023). Energy-efficient clustering and cooperative routing protocol for wireless body area networks (WBAN). Sadhana, 48(2), 48\u201371.","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"key":"11814_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118477","volume":"21","author":"P Bedi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bedi, P., Das, S., Goyal, S., Shukla, P. K., Mirjalili, S., & Kumar, M. (2022). A novel routing protocol based on grey wolf optimization and Q learning for wireless body area network. Expert Systems with Applications, 21, Article 118477.","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"11814_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109004","volume":"211","author":"K Hasan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasan, K., Chowdhury, M. J. M., Biswas, K., Ahmed, K., Islam, M. S., & Usman, M. (2022). A blockchain-based secure data-sharing framework for software defined wireless body area networks. Computer Networks, 211, 109004.","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"key":"11814_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gambhir, S., Tickoo, V., & Kathuria, M. Priority based congestion control in WBAN, in 2015 Eighth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3), 2015, pp. 428\u2013433: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IC3.2015.7346719"},{"key":"11814_CR15","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"H RavinderKaur","year":"2017","unstructured":"RavinderKaur, H. (2017). Priority based congestion control and bandwidth normalisation in WBAN. Int J Electron Commun Technol (IJECT), 2, 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Electron Commun Technol (IJECT)"},{"key":"11814_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaramillo, R., Quintero, A., & Chamberland, S. Rate control scheme for congestion control in wireless body area networks, in 2016 IEEE 12th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob), 2016, pp. 1\u20136: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMOB.2016.7763246"},{"key":"11814_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anwar, M., Abdullah, A. H., Saedudin, R. R., Masud, F., & Ullah, F. (2018). CAMP: Congestion avoidance and mitigation protocol for wireless body area networks. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 10, 6.","DOI":"10.30880\/ijie.2018.10.06.008"},{"key":"11814_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patil, D., & Dhage, S. N. Priority-based congestion control protocol (PCCP) for controlling upstream congestion in wireless sensor network, in 2012 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), 2012, pp. 1\u20136: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCICT.2012.6398232"},{"key":"11814_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10209","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2708760","volume":"5","author":"MM Monowar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Monowar, M. M., & Bajaber, F. (2017). Towards differentiated rate control for congestion and hotspot avoidance in implantable wireless body area networks. IEEE Access\u202f: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 5, 10209\u201310221.","journal-title":"IEEE Access : Practical Innovations, Open Solutions"},{"key":"11814_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.03.006","volume":"8","author":"M Kamruzzaman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kamruzzaman, M., & Alruwaili, O. (2022). Energy efficient sustainable wireless body area network design using network optimization with smart grid and renewable energy systems. Energy Reports, 8, 3780\u20133788.","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"key":"11814_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preveze, B., Alkhayyat, A., Abedi, F., Jawad, A. M., & Abosinnee, A. S. (2022). SDN-driven Internet of health things: a novel adaptive switching technique for hospital healthcare monitoring system, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3150756"},{"key":"11814_CR22","unstructured":"Victor, Z. S. (2017). C.M. Leung a, Peyman Servati a, Topology design and cross-layer optimization for wireless body sensor networks, Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 01, p. 15."},{"key":"11814_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramtin, A., Hakami, V., & Dehghan, M. Self-stabilizing algorithms of constructing virtual backbone in selfish wireless ad-hoc networks, in 2014 22nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 2014, pp. 914\u2013919: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2014.6999666"},{"key":"11814_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z. (2021). An improved energy-aware routing protocol using multiobjective particular swarm optimization algorithm, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, vol. pp. 1\u201316, 2021.","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6677961"},{"key":"11814_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41085","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2976819","volume":"8","author":"O Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed, O., Ren, F., Hawbani, A., & Al-Sharabi, Y. (2020). Energy optimized congestion control-based temperature aware routing algorithm for software defined wireless body area networks. IEEE Access\u202f: Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 8, 41085\u201341099.","journal-title":"IEEE Access : Practical Innovations, Open Solutions"},{"key":"11814_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patro, S., & Sahu, K. K. (2015). Normalization: A preprocessing stage, arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.06462,.","DOI":"10.17148\/IARJSET.2015.2305"},{"key":"11814_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2017.03.008","volume":"61","author":"N Kaur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaur, N., & Singh, S. (2017). Optimized cost effective and energy efficient routing protocol for wireless body area networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 61, 65\u201384.","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"issue":"15","key":"11814_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153275","volume":"19","author":"M Javed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javed, M., Ahmed, G., Mahmood, D., Raza, M., Ali, K., & Ur-Rehman, M. (2019). TAEO-A thermal aware & energy optimized routing protocol for wireless body area networks. Sensors (Basel), 19(15), 3275.","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"11814_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147719853980","volume":"15","author":"KM Awan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Awan, K. M., et al. (2019). A priority-based congestion-avoidance routing protocol using IoT-based heterogeneous medical sensors for energy efficiency in healthcare wireless body area networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 15(6), Article 1550147719853980.","journal-title":"International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"11814_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.32604\/iasc.2021.019067","volume":"30","author":"TM Ghazal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghazal, T. M. (2021). Performances of k-means clustering algorithm with different distance metrics. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, 30(2), 735\u2013742.","journal-title":"Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing"},{"issue":"8","key":"11814_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9081295","volume":"9","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmed, M., Seraj, R., & Islam, S. M. S. (2020). The k-means algorithm: A comprehensive survey and performance evaluation. Electronics, 9(8), Article 1295.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"11814_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.03.128","volume":"279","author":"OA Arqub","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arqub, O. A., & Abo-Hammour, Z. (2014). Numerical solution of systems of second-order boundary value problems using continuous genetic algorithm. Information Sciences, 279, 396\u2013415.","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"11814_CR33","first-page":"831657","volume":"2013","author":"Z Abo-Hammour","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abo-Hammour, Z., et al. (2013). A genetic algorithm approach for prediction of linear dynamical systems. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013(1), 831657.","journal-title":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering"},{"key":"11814_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habib, M., et al. (2020). Multi-objective particle swarm optimization: Theory, literature review, and application in feature selection for medical diagnosis, in evolutionary machine learning techniques (pp. 175\u2013201). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-32-9990-0_9"},{"issue":"10","key":"11814_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05102-9","volume":"79","author":"P Aryai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aryai, P., et al. (2023). SIMOF: Swarm intelligence multi-objective fuzzy thermal-aware routing protocol for WBANS. The Journal of Supercomputing, 79(10), 10941\u201310976.","journal-title":"The Journal of Supercomputing"},{"issue":"3","key":"11814_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eng2.12841","volume":"6","author":"F Masood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masood, F., et al. (2024). Energy efficiency considerations in software-defined wireless body area networks. Engineering Reports, 6(3), Article e12841.","journal-title":"Engineering Reports"},{"key":"11814_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101150","volume":"26","author":"SS Tripathy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tripathy, S. S., et al. (2024). An SDN-enabled fog computing framework for WBAN applications in the healthcare sector. Internet of Things, 26, 101150.","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"11814_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ameen, S. (2024). A reliable energy-efficient routing algorithm for WBAN using centrality measure. Innovation and technological advances for sustainability (pp. 309\u2013321). CRC.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003496724-30"},{"key":"11814_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2023.154723","volume":"168","author":"P Aryai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aryai, P., et al. (2023). Real-time health monitoring in WBANs using hybrid metaheuristic-driven machine learning routing protocol (MDML-RP). AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 168, 154723.","journal-title":"AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"11814_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3235837","volume":"11","author":"S Memon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Memon, S., et al. (2023). Enhanced probabilistic route stability (EPRS) protocol for healthcare applications of WBAN. IEEE Access, 11, 4466\u20134477.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"11814_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55662-w","volume":"14","author":"A Rahman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahman, A., et al. (2024). Internet of medical things and blockchain-enabled patient-centric agent through SDN for remote patient monitoring in 5 g network. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5297.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:06:31Z","timestamp":1759154791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["11814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11814-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent To Participate"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}