{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T08:15:39Z","timestamp":1770711339497,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2221-E-019-065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2221-E-019-065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2221-E-019-030-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2221-E-019-030-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T13:52:07Z","timestamp":1769435527000},"page":"387-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intelligent Detection with Sparse Computations for Massive MIMO Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Mao-Hsu","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hoang-Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hsun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"11873_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.004.2200136","volume":"61","author":"M Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, M., Wu, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, X., & Dai, L. (2023). Near-field MIMO communications for 6G: Fundamentals, challenges, potentials, and future directions. IEEE Communications Magazine, 61(1), 40\u201346.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"11","key":"11873_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.211.2100164","volume":"59","author":"J Jeon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeon, J., Lee, G., Ibrahim, A. A., Yuan, J., Xu, G., Cho, J., Onggosanusi, E., Kim, Y., Lee, J., & Zhang, J. C. (2021). MIMO evolution toward 6G: Modular massive MIMO in low-frequency bands. IEEE Communications Magazine, 59(11), 52\u201358.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"4","key":"11873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2935810","volume":"21","author":"MA Albreem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Albreem, M. A., Juntti, M., & Shahabuddin, S. (2019). Massive MIMO detection techniques: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 21(4), 3109\u20133132.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials"},{"key":"11873_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144113","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3343838","volume":"11","author":"M-H Yen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yen, M.-H., Lu, H.-Y., Lu, K.-H., Lin, S.-Y., & Chan, C.-C. (2023). Algorithm and VLSI architecture of a near-optimum symbol detector for QSM MIMO systems. IEEE Access, 11, 144113\u2013144125.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"11873_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114232","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3217523","volume":"10","author":"H-Y Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, H.-Y., Yen, M.-H., Chang, C.-W., Cheng, C.-W., Hsu, T.-C., & Lin, Y.-C. (2022). Efficient hardware implementation of CORDIC-based symbol detector for GSM MIMO systems: Algorithm and hardware architecture. IEEE Access, 10, 114232\u2013114241.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"11873_CR6","first-page":"6322","volume":"17","author":"M-H Yen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yen, M.-H., Lu, H.-Y., Lin, S.-Y., Lu, K.-H., & Chan, C.-C. (2023). A partial-givens-rotation-based symbol detector for GSM MIMO systems: Algorithm and VLSI implementation. IEEE Systems Journal, 17(4), 6322\u20136333.","journal-title":"IEEE Systems Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"11873_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3286466","volume":"27","author":"C-T Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, C.-T., Chao, M.-H., Pang, Z.-J.A., & Wang, P.-H. (2023). Maximum-likelihood transceiver design for ris-assisted MIMO communications. IEEE Communications Letters, 27(8), 2157\u20132161.","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"11873_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolniansky, P. W., Foschini, G. J., Golden, G. D., & Valenzuela, R. A. (1998). V-BLAST: an architecture for realizing very high data rates over the rich-scattering wireless channel, in 1998 URSI International Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics. Conference Proceedings, 295\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSSE.1998.738086"},{"issue":"7","key":"11873_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.812897","volume":"51","author":"J Benesty","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benesty, J., Huang, Y., & Chen, J. (2003). A fast recursive algorithm for optimum sequential signal detection in a BLAST system. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 51(7), 1722\u20131730.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"11873_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, H., Wen, C. K., Jin, S., & Li, G. Y. (2018). A model-driven deep learning network for MIMO detection, in 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), 584\u2013588.","DOI":"10.1109\/GlobalSIP.2018.8646357"},{"key":"11873_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, G., Yang, F., & Li, S. (2024). Model-driven deep learning for MIMO signal detection, in International Conference on Wireless and Satellite Systems, 246\u2013254, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-86196-3_21"},{"issue":"9","key":"11873_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13292","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3392856","volume":"73","author":"H-Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, H.-Y., Azizi, S. P., & Cheng, S.-C. (2024). DeepEigen-Tabu: Deep eigen network assisted probabilistic Tabu search for massive MIMO detection. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 73(9), 13292\u201313308.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"11873_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2025.3542412","volume":"14","author":"SP Azizi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Azizi, S. P., Lu, H.-Y., & Cheng, S.-C. (2025). Intelligent detection for RIS-assisted MIMO systems: A first-and-second momentum approach. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 14(5), 1356\u20131360.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"11873_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2653119","volume":"5","author":"J Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma, J., & Ping, L. (2017). Orthogonal AMP. IEEE Access, 5, 2020\u20132033.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"11873_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2899805","volume":"67","author":"N Samuel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samuel, N., Diskin, T., & Wiesel, A. (2019). Learning to detect. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 67(10), 2554\u20132564.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"issue":"6","key":"11873_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4262","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2981919","volume":"19","author":"NT Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen, N. T., & Lee, K. (2020). Deep learning-aided Tabu search detection for large MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(6), 4262\u20134275.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"11873_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2022.154350","volume":"155","author":"S Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Singh, A., & Mahapatra, R. (2022). DLNet: Deep learning-aided massive MIMO decoder. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 155, Article 154350.","journal-title":"AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"11873_CR18","volume-title":"Digital Communications","author":"JG Proakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proakis, J. G., & Salehi, M. (2008). Digital Communications. McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"11873_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apanasenko, N. V., Burkov, A. A., & Turlikov, A. M. (2018). Performance analysis of ZF and MMSE algorithms for MIMO systems, in 2018 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF), 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/WECONF.2018.8604426"},{"issue":"45","key":"11873_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909892106","volume":"106","author":"DL Donoho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donoho, D. L., Maleki, A., & Montanari, A. (2009). Message-passing algorithms for compressed sensing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(45), 18914\u201318919.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"11873_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brennsteiner, S., Arslan, T., Thompson, J. S., & McCormick, A. (2022). A machine learning enhanced approximate message passing massive MIMO accelerator, in 2022 IEEE 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS), 443\u2013446.","DOI":"10.1109\/AICAS54282.2022.9869942"},{"key":"11873_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100268","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3310238","volume":"11","author":"MA Albreem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albreem, M. A., Alnajjar, K. A., & Almasadeh, A. J. (2023). Massive MIMO detectors based on deep learning, stair matrix, and approximate matrix inversion methods. IEEE Access, 11, 100268\u2013100283.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"11873_CR23","volume-title":"Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for Signal Processing","author":"TK Moon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moon, T. K., & Stirling, W. C. (2000). Mathematical Methods and Algorithms for Signal Processing. Prentice Hall."},{"issue":"6","key":"11873_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2789211","volume":"66","author":"F Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, F., Li, C., Gong, Z., & Su, R. (2018). Stair matrix and its applications to massive MIMO uplink data detection. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 66(6), 2437\u20132455.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"11873_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2022.3225505","volume":"31","author":"S Brennsteiner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brennsteiner, S., Arslan, T., Thompson, J. S., & McCormick, A. (2023). LAMANet: A real-time, machine learning-enhanced approximate message passing detector for massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 31(3), 382\u2013395.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems"},{"key":"11873_CR26","unstructured":"Rice, L., Wong, E., & Kolter, Z. (2020). Overfitting in adversarially robust deep learning, in International conference on machine learning, 8093\u20138104, PMLR."}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T14:36:47Z","timestamp":1770647807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["11873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-025-11873-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}