{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:52:17Z","timestamp":1781653937942,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"South East Technological University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wireless Pers Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:31:31Z","timestamp":1777545091000},"page":"2987-3008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced Channel Estimation for FBMC\/OQAM Using M-IAM-LS-DNN Towards 6G"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Nura A.","family":"Alhaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Faizal","family":"Jamlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulastri Abdul","family":"Manap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmoneim A.","family":"Bakhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mosab","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S. M.","family":"Gismalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"12041_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ojvt.2023.3303034","author":"F Hamdar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hamdar, F., Gussen, C. M. G., Nadal, J., Nour, C. A., & Baghdadi, A. (2023). FBMC\/OQAM transceiver for future wireless communication systems: Inherent potentials, recent advances, research challenges. IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, 4, 652\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ojvt.2023.3303034","journal-title":"IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287","volume":"34","author":"W Saad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saad, W., Bennis, M., & Chen, M. (2019). A vision of 6G wireless systems: Applications, trends, technologies, and open research problems. IEEE Network, 34(3), 134\u2013142.","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"8","key":"12041_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/mcom.2019.1900271","volume":"57","author":"KB Letaief","year":"2019","unstructured":"Letaief, K. B., Chen, W., Shi, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. J. A. (2019). The roadmap to 6G: AI empowered wireless networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(8), 84\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mcom.2019.1900271","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine"},{"issue":"4","key":"12041_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900488","volume":"27","author":"F Tariq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tariq, F., Khandaker, M. R. A., Wong, K. K., Imran, M. A., Bennis, M., & Debbah, M. (2020). A speculative study on 6G. IEEE Wireless Communications, 27(4), 118\u2013125.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"1","key":"12041_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Y Nikhila","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nikhila, Y., & Solomon, S. (2025). 6G wireless networking systems. International Journal of AI and Machine Learning Innovations in Electronics and Communication Technology, 1(1), 1\u20138.","journal-title":"International Journal of AI and Machine Learning Innovations in Electronics and Communication Technology"},{"key":"12041_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Yan, T., Zhou, N., Li, X., Wen, F., & Du, W. (2025). Enhanced polar-domain channel estimation for near-field XL-MIMO in low-SNR scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3589352"},{"key":"12041_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Guo, P., Li, X., Wen, F., Wang, X., & Nallanathan, A. (2024). Mbpd: a robust algorithm for polar-domain channel estimation in near-field wideband xl-mimo systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3477573"},{"key":"12041_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/586403","author":"M Aldababseh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aldababseh, M., & Jamoos, A. (2014). Estimation of FBMC\/OQAM fading channels using dual Kalman filters. The Scientific World Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/586403","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"key":"12041_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Kofidis & D. Katselis. (2011). Improved interference approximation method for preamble-based channel estimation in FBMC\/OQAM. In 2011 19th European signal processing conference (pp. 1603\u20131607). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIPA.2011.6144161"},{"issue":"4","key":"12041_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07427-7","volume":"117","author":"M Subalatha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subalatha, M., Jayashri, S., & Raja, J. (2021). Low complexity maximum likelihood FBMC QAM for improved performance in longer delay channels. Wireless Personal Communications, 117(4), 3051\u20133066.","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"12041_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.2971185","volume":"68","author":"D Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong, D., Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., & Jiang, T. (2020). Frame repetition: A solution to imaginary interference cancellation in FBMC\/OQAM systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 68, 1259\u20131273.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing"},{"key":"12041_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17945","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2967846","volume":"8","author":"S Lv","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lv, S., Zhao, J., Yang, L., & Li, Q. (2020). Genetic algorithm based bilayer PTS scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction of FBMC\/OQAM signal. Ieee Access : Practical Innovations, Open Solutions, 8, 17945\u201317955.","journal-title":"Ieee Access : Practical Innovations, Open Solutions"},{"key":"12041_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/lcomm.2023.3293392","author":"D Rebouh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rebouh, D., Djebbar, A. B., & Besseghier, M. (2023). Blind joint CFO and STO estimation for FBMC\/OQAM systems. IEEE Communications Letters. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/lcomm.2023.3293392","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Letters"},{"key":"12041_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10565","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3424315","volume":"12","author":"Z \u010cubrilovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u010cubrilovi\u0107, Z., Kuzmanovi\u0107, M., Punt, M., Vu\u010di\u0107, D., & Kova\u010devi\u0107, B. (2024). FBMC\/OQAM-based secure voice communications over voice channels. IEEE Access, 12, 10565\u201310574.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"12041_CR15","first-page":"155418","volume":"184","author":"GA Al-Rubaye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Rubaye, G. A. (2024). Comparison of MRC and SC techniques for OQAM\/FBMC signals over combining NLD Rayleigh fading channel and IN for 5G. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 184, 155418\u2013155418.","journal-title":"AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"12041_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-spr.2016.0671","volume":"12","author":"R Gomes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomes, R., Reis, J., Al-Daher, Z., Hammoudeh, A., & Caldeirinha, R. F. S. (2018). 5G: Performance and evaluation of FS\u2010FBMC against OFDM for high data rate applications at 60 GHz. IET Signal Processing, 12(5), 620\u2013628.","journal-title":"IET Signal Processing"},{"issue":"5","key":"12041_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2448659","volume":"65","author":"W Cui","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cui, W., Qu, D., Jiang, T., & Farhang-Boroujeny, B. (2015). Coded auxiliary pilots for channel estimation in FBMC-OQAM systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5), 2936\u20132946.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"12041_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129411","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2939674","volume":"7","author":"VK Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, V. K., Flanagan, M. F., & Cardiff, B. (2019). Generalized least squares based channel estimation for FBMC-OQAM. IEEE Access, 7, 129411\u2013129420.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"12041_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kofidis, E. (2021). On preamble-based FBMC\/OQAM highly frequency selective channel estimation without guard symbols. In 2021 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) (pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685747"},{"key":"12041_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, S., Wang, C., Cao, H., Feng, J., & Sun, W. Channel estimation algorithm for IM\/DD-OFDM\/OQAM-PON system in industrial internet based on compressed sensing. In  2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (pp. 1189\u20131194). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814580"},{"issue":"2","key":"12041_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2022.10.012","volume":"9","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, H., Memon, F. H., Wang, X., Li, X., Zhao, N., & Dev, K. (2023). Machine learning-enabled MIMO-FBMC communication channel parameter estimation in IIoT: A distributed CS approach. Digital Communications and Networks, 9(2), 306\u2013312.","journal-title":"Digital Communications and Networks"},{"issue":"7","key":"12041_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.01.013","volume":"93","author":"E Kofidis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kofidis, E., Katselis, D., Rontogiannis, A., & Theodoridis, S. (2013). Preamble-based channel estimation in OFDM\/OQAM systems: A review. Signal Processing, 93(7), 2038\u20132054.","journal-title":"Signal Processing"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s11804-023-00358-2","volume":"22","author":"X Lu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu, X., Jiang, Y., Li, J., Yan, W., Tu, X., & Qu, F. (2023). Time-varying channel estimation and symbol detection for underwater acoustic FBMC-OQAM communications. Journal of Marine Science and Application, 22(3), 636\u2013649.","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Application"},{"key":"12041_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, L., Qiu, S., Wu, P., & Chen, D. (2019). An improved interference cancellation channel estimation method for OQAM\/OFDM system. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1169(1), Article 12053.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1169\/1\/012053"},{"key":"12041_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.02.009","volume":"182","author":"MY El-Ganiny","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Ganiny, M. Y., Khalaf, A. A. M., Hussein, A. I., & Hamed, H. F. A. (2021). A preamble based channel estimation methods for FBMC waveform: A comparative study. Procedia Computer Science, 182, 63\u201370.","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"12041_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13556","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3030661","volume":"69","author":"W Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, W., Chen, D., Schwarz, S., Rupp, M., & Jiang, T. (2020). Preamble power optimization based on intrinsic interference utilization for OQAM\/FBMC channel estimation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(11), 13556\u201313566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2020.3030661","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology"},{"key":"12041_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2389673","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, H., Du, W., Wang, X., Yu, G., & Xu, L. (2020). Channel estimation performance analysis of FBMC\/OQAM systems with Bayesian approach for 5G-enabled IoT applications. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2389673","journal-title":"Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing"},{"key":"12041_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roshdy, R. A., Aboul-Dahab, M. A., & Fouad, M. M. (2020). A modified interference approximation scheme for improving preamble based channel estimation performance in FBMC system. arXiv preprint arXiv.11676","DOI":"10.5121\/ijcnc.2020.12102"},{"key":"12041_CR29","unstructured":"Gizzini, A. K., Shrey, S., Darak, S. J., Saurabh, S., & Chafii, M. (2022). Deep Neural Network Augmented Wireless Channel Estimation on System on Chip, arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.02213,."},{"key":"12041_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, G. X., Khandaker, M. R. A., & Tariq, F. (2020). Learning the wireless channel: A deep neural network approach. In 2020 International Conference on UK-China Emerging Technologies (UCET)(pp. 1\u20136). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/UCET51115.2020.9205318"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2962474","volume":"19","author":"E Balevi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balevi, E., Doshi, A., & Andrews, J. G. (2020). Massive MIMO channel estimation with an untrained deep neural network. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(3), 2079\u20132090.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"12041_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2018.2818160","volume":"7","author":"CK Wen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wen, C. K., Shih, W. T., & Jin, S. (2018). Deep learning for massive MIMO CSI feedback. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 7(5), 748\u2013751.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2898437","volume":"8","author":"X Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng, X., Liu, D., Wang, C., Yan, S., & Zhu, Z. (2019). Deep learning-based channel estimation and equalization scheme for FBMC\/OQAM systems. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(3), 881\u2013884.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters"},{"key":"12041_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bedoui, A., & Et-tolba, M. A neuro-fuzzy based detection approach for HARQ-CC in FBMC-OQAM systems. In 2020 9th IFIP international conference on performance evaluation and modeling in wireless networks (PEMWN)(pp. 1\u20137). IEEE.","DOI":"10.23919\/PEMWN50727.2020.9293073"},{"key":"12041_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728982","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2021.728982","volume":"2","author":"A Bedoui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bedoui, A., & Et-tolba, M. (2021). A Deep Neural Network-Based Interference Mitigation for MIMO-FBMC\/OQAM Systems. Frontiers in Communications and Networks, 2, 728982\u2013728982.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Communications and Networks"},{"key":"12041_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-021-09625-5","author":"M Abusubaih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abusubaih, M. (2022). Intelligent wireless networks: Challenges and future research topics. Journal of Network and Systems Management. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10922-021-09625-5","journal-title":"Journal of Network and Systems Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"12041_CR37","first-page":"732","volume":"54","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Z., & Yuan, W. (2020). Channel estimation and detection method for multicarrier system based on deep learning. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 54(4), 732\u2013738.","journal-title":"Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)"},{"key":"12041_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2019.01.012","volume":"439","author":"KA Alaghbari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alaghbari, K. A., Lim, H. S., & Eltaif, T. (2019). An improved least squares channel estimation algorithm for coherent optical FBMC\/OQAM system. Optics Communications, 439, 141\u2013147.","journal-title":"Optics Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2507605","volume":"34","author":"X Fang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fang, X., Xu, Y., Chen, Z., & Zhang, F. (2015). Time-domain least square channel estimation for polarization-division-multiplexed CO-OFDM\/OQAM systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(3), 891\u2013900.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"key":"12041_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109244","volume":"117","author":"SE Elghetany","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elghetany, S. E., Hassaneen, S., Shaalan, I. E., & Soliman, H. Y. M. (2024). Channel estimation techniques based on intrinsic interference mitigation for FBMC\/OQAM systems. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 117, 109244\u2013109244.","journal-title":"Computers and Electrical Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"12041_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3064059","volume":"69","author":"D Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, D., Li, J., Lu, G., & Ge, J. (2021). Joint channel estimation and equalization using new AFB output signal models for FBMC\/OQAM systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(6), 4186\u20134201.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Communications"},{"key":"12041_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/electreng.2024014","author":"TA Abose","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abose, T. A., Ayana, F. O., Olwal, T. O., & Marye, Y. W. (2024). BER performance analysis of polar-coded FBMC\/OQAM in the presence of AWGN and Nakagami-m fading channel. AIMS Electronics & Electrical Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/electreng.2024014","journal-title":"AIMS Electronics & Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"12041_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Wang, X., & Cao, H. (2022). ANN LS-based channel estimation algorithm of IM\/DD-OFDM\/OQAM-PON systems with SDN Mobile Fronthaul Network in 5G. In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops) (pp. 1195\u20131200). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814630"},{"key":"12041_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2021.101592","volume":"51","author":"WA Raslan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raslan, W. A., Mohamed, M. A., & Abdel-Atty, H. M. (2022). Deep-BiGRU based channel estimation scheme for MIMO\u2013FBMC systems. Physical Communication, 51, Article 101592\u2013101592.","journal-title":"Physical Communication"},{"key":"12041_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, X., Liu, D., Zhu, Z., Shi, W., & Li, Y. (2018). A ResNet-DNN based channel estimation and equalization scheme in FBMC\/OQAM systems. In 2018 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)(pp. 1\u20135). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCSP.2018.8555649"},{"issue":"3","key":"12041_CR46","first-page":"332","volume":"8","author":"MTSR Patle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patle, M. T. S. R., & Agrawal, M. D. (2021). Survey paper on performance evaluation of 5G system using filter bank multicarrier techniqueInternational journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 8(3), 332\u2013338.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology"},{"key":"12041_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhaj, N. A., Jamlos, M. F., Manap, S. A., Bakhit, A. A., & Mamat, R. (2022). A Review of Multiple Access Techniques and Frequencies Requirements towards 6G. In 2022 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM) (pp. 1\u20134). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFM56185.2022.10065342"},{"key":"12041_CR48","unstructured":"Bellanger, M. (2010). FBMC Physical Layer: A Primer, PHYDYAS FP7 Project Document."},{"key":"12041_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhaj, N. A. (2023). Integration of Hybrid Networks, AI, Ultra Massive-MIMO, THz Frequency, and FBMC Modulation Towards 6G Requirements: A Review. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3345453"},{"key":"12041_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Z. Performance Evaluation of Prototype Filter-based FBMC\/OQAM System for Wireless Communications, in 2024 4th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications Technology and Computer Science (ACCTCS), 2024: IEEE, pp. 776\u2013779.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCTCS61748.2024.00142"},{"key":"12041_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhaj, N. A. (2024). A Review on Preamble-Based Channel Estimation Method for FBMC\/OQAM Toward 6G: Advantages, Challenges and Future Works. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, pp. 63\u201380.","DOI":"10.37934\/araset.58.1.6380"},{"key":"12041_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lele, C., Siohan, P., & Legouable, R. (2008). 2 dB better than CP-OFDM with OFDM\/OQAM for preamble-based channel estimation, in 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications, : IEEE, pp. 1302\u20131306.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2008.253"},{"issue":"4","key":"12041_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/mvt.2020.3019650","volume":"15","author":"J Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du, J., Jiang, C., Wang, J., Ren, Y., & Debbah, M. (2020). Machine learning for 6G wireless networks: Carrying forward enhanced bandwidth, massive access, and ultrareliable\/low-latency service. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 15(4), 122\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mvt.2020.3019650","journal-title":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine"},{"key":"12041_CR54","unstructured":"Li, Y. (2017). Deep reinforcement learning: An overview, arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.07274,."},{"key":"12041_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107556","volume":"183","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, S., & Zhu, D. (2020). Towards artificial intelligence enabled 6G: State of the art, challenges, and opportunities. Computer Networks, 183, 107556\u2013107556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107556","journal-title":"Computer Networks"},{"issue":"24","key":"12041_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12244965","volume":"12","author":"C Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv, C., & Luo, Z. (2023). Deep learning for channel estimation in physical layer wireless communications: Fundamental, methods, and challenges. Electronics, 12(24), 4965\u20134965.","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"2","key":"12041_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.17678\/beuscitech.338085","volume":"7","author":"Z C\u00f6mert","year":"2017","unstructured":"C\u00f6mert, Z., & Kocamaz, A. (2017). A study of artificial neural network training algorithms for classification of cardiotocography signals. Bitlis Eren University journal of science and technology, 7(2), 93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Bitlis Eren University journal of science and technology"},{"key":"12041_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gizzini, A. K., Chafii, M., Nimr, A., & Fettweis, G. (2020). Enhancing least square channel estimation using deep learning. In 2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) (pp. 1\u20135). IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9128890"},{"key":"12041_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gizzini, A. K. (2021). Advanced linear and deep learning based channel estimation techniques in doubly dispersive environments. Cergy Paris CY Universit\u00e9.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3188111"}],"container-title":["Wireless Personal Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:57:49Z","timestamp":1781650669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["12041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-026-12041-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-6212","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-834X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}