{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:11:01Z","timestamp":1760573461863,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Innovations Syst Softw Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:21:42Z","timestamp":1756365702000},"page":"1559-1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["iMAHR: An Intelligent Multi-Access Hybrid Routing Scheme for Addressing Middle-Mile Connectivity Challenges in Rural Areas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sadip","family":"Midya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asmita","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mousumi","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bhabani P.","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Koushik","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"620_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270","volume":"1","author":"MZ Chowdhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chowdhury MZ, Shahjalal Md, Ahmed S, Jang YM (2020) 6G wireless communication systems: Applications, requirements, technologies, challenges, and research directions. IEEE Open J Commun Soc 1:957\u2013975","journal-title":"IEEE Open J Commun Soc"},{"key":"620_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2021.101567","volume":"60","author":"MB Arvin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arvin MB, Pradhan RP, Nair M (2021) Uncovering interlinks among ICT connectivity and penetration, trade openness, foreign direct investment, and economic growth: The case of the G-20 countries. Telematics Informat 60:101567","journal-title":"Telematics Informat"},{"key":"620_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2022.785933","volume":"3","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang C, Dang S, Alouini M-S, Shihada B (2022) Big communications: Connect the unconnected. Frontiers Commun Netw 3:785933","journal-title":"Frontiers Commun Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"620_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7498095","volume":"54","author":"S Nandi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nandi S et al (2016) Computing for rural empowerment: enabled by last-mile telecommunications. IEEE Commun Mag 54(6):102\u2013109","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"620_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Mukherjee B, Dixit S (2006) Optimum placement of multiple optical network units (ONUs) in optical-wireless hybrid access networks. In Optical Fiber Communication Conference , Optica Publishing Group, OFM6","DOI":"10.1109\/OFC.2006.216015"},{"issue":"2","key":"620_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2966855","volume":"22","author":"MZ Chowdhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chowdhury MZ et al (2020) Optical wireless hybrid networks: Trends, opportunities, challenges, and research directions. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 22(2):930\u2013966","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"620_CR7","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yin S, Yang C, Chen L, Chu Y, Huang S (2019) Heterogeneous multi-domain multi-path routing and resource sharing allocation in hybrid elastic fiber-wireless networks. In 2019 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP), IEEE, 1-3"},{"key":"620_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabino S, Correia N, Barradas A (2014) Frequency assignment in multi-channel and multi-radio FiWi access networks. 2014 9th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CISTI.2014.6876936"},{"key":"620_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2020.102422","volume":"61","author":"AK Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg AK, Janyani V, Batagelj B, Abidin NZ, Bakar MA (2021) Hybrid FSO\/fiber optic link based reliable & energy efficient WDM optical network architecture. Opt Fiber Technol 61:102422","journal-title":"Opt Fiber Technol"},{"key":"620_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.36038\/0234-2774-2024-25-3-99-106","volume":"25","author":"M Bhattacharyya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya M et al (2024) Designing optimal middle-mile network architecture for smart farming applications in rural areas. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering: 1\u201310. Author, F.: Article title. Journal 25:99\u2013110","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"620_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beshley M, Seliuchenko M, Panchenko O, Polishuk A (2017) Adaptive flow routing model in SDN. In 2017 14th International Conference The Experience of Designing and Application of CAD Systems in Microelectronics (CADSM), IEEE, 298-302","DOI":"10.1109\/CADSM.2017.7916140"},{"issue":"2","key":"620_CR12","first-page":"48","volume":"3","author":"W Sugeng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sugeng W, Istiyanto JE, Mustofa K, Ashari A (2015) The impact of QoS changes towards network performance. Int J Comput Networks Commun Secur 3(2):48\u201353","journal-title":"Int J Comput Networks Commun Secur"},{"issue":"4","key":"620_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2010.04.090059","volume":"58","author":"Y Pan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pan Y, Alpcan T, Pavel L (2010) A system performance approach to OSNR optimization in optical networks. IEEE Trans Commun 58(4):1193\u20131200","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"620_CR14","unstructured":"Singh R, Kumar S (2018) Analyzing the effect of signal interference in wireless communication systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless Networks ,IEEE,345-350"},{"key":"620_CR15","unstructured":"Zedini E, Alouini M-S, Zhang Y (2014) Performance analysis of FSO systems under beam misalignment and atmospheric turbulence. IEEE Trans Commun 62(2):692\u2013703"},{"key":"620_CR16","first-page":"28","volume":"5793","author":"LC Andrews","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andrews LC, Phillips RL, Sasiela RJ, Parenti R (2005) Beam wander effects on the scintillation index of a focused beam. In Atmospheric Propagation II SPIE 5793:28\u201337","journal-title":"In Atmospheric Propagation II SPIE"},{"issue":"24","key":"620_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.42.004946","volume":"42","author":"D Kedar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kedar D, Arnon S (2003) Optical wireless communication through fog in the presence of pointing errors. Appl Opt 42(24):4946\u20134954","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"620_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fei N, Gao Y, Lu Z, Xiang T (2021) Z-score normalization, hubness, and few-shot learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision ,142-151","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00021"},{"key":"620_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"TO Hodson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hodson TO (2022) Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE): When to use them or not. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 2022:1\u201310","journal-title":"Geoscientific Model Development Discussions"},{"key":"620_CR20","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J (2014) Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980"},{"issue":"1","key":"620_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/IKS-2004-00061","volume":"4","author":"Y Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen Y, Farley T, Ye N (2004) QoS requirements of network applications on the Internet. Information Knowledge Systems Management 4(1):55\u201376","journal-title":"Information Knowledge Systems Management"},{"key":"620_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2025.131509","volume":"579","author":"SO Adebusola","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adebusola SO, Owolawi PA, Ojo JS, Maswikaneng PS (2025) Optimized quality of service prediction in FSO links over South Africa using ensemble learning. Optics Communications 579:131509","journal-title":"Optics Communications"},{"key":"620_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta R, Singh P (2017) Performance analysis of FSO system for different fog conditions. In Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices: ICICCD 2016,Springer Singapore, 181-187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1708-7_20"},{"key":"620_CR24","first-page":"391","volume":"10","author":"O Nyarko-Boateng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nyarko-Boateng O, Adekoya AF, Weyori BA (2019) Investigating QoS and Performance of Received Signal Strength Indicator in Fiber Optics Broadband Data Communication. AJEAS DOI 10:391\u2013401","journal-title":"AJEAS DOI"},{"key":"620_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wismiana E, Putri HA, Efendi D P (2024) Analysis and Design of Fiber Optic Network Between Gandul-Durentiga for Quality of Service (QoS) Enhancement. Fidelity: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, 6(2): 109-121","DOI":"10.52005\/fidelity.v6i2.217"},{"key":"620_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loh F, Raithel F, Raffeck S, Seufert A, Frohler R, Heller C, Hossfeld T (2025) QoS and QoE Study of the European 5G Mobile Networks for Next Generation of Applications. IEEE Communications Magazine","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2400340"},{"issue":"1","key":"620_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.31258\/ijeepse.7.1.37-45","volume":"7","author":"RRQY Putri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Putri RRQY, Anhar A, Saputra A, Caniago RP, Harianja R (2024) Analysis of 5G Network Quality of Service on VoIP Application. International Journal of Electrical Energy and Power System Engineering 7(1):37\u201345","journal-title":"International Journal of Electrical Energy and Power System Engineering"}],"container-title":["Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1760497566000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11334-025-00620-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-5046","1614-5054"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1614-5046"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1614-5054"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}