{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:43:42Z","timestamp":1777650222132,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]],"date-time":"2010-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intel Serv Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,11]],"date-time":"2010-08-11T07:36:05Z","timestamp":1281512165000},"page":"209-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Applied machine vision of plants: a review with implications for field deployment in automated farming operations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"C. L.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"75_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2005.02.015","volume":"49","author":"H Andersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andersen H, Reng L, Kirk K (2005) Geometric plant properties by relaxed stereo vision using simulated annealing. Comput Electron Agric 49: 219\u2013232","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"75_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(97)00042-2","volume":"19","author":"L Bacci","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bacci L, Vincenzi MD, Rapi B, Arca B, Benincasa F (1998) Two methods for the analysis of colorimetric components applied to plant stress monitoring. Comput Electron Agric 19: 167\u2013186","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"75_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)90079-5","volume":"50","author":"G Carter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carter G, Miller R (1994) Early detection of plant stress by digital imaging within narrow stress-sensitive wavebands. Remote Sens Environ 50: 295\u2013302","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"75_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.27667","volume":"39","author":"W Casady","year":"1996","unstructured":"Casady W, Singh N, Costello T (1996) Machine vision for measurement of rice canopy dimensions. Tran ASAE 39(5): 1891\u20131898","journal-title":"Tran ASAE"},{"issue":"4","key":"75_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3054.2003.00143.x","volume":"118","author":"L Chaerle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chaerle L, Hulsen K, Hermans C, Strasser R, Valcke R, Hofte M, van der Straeten D (2003) Robotized time-lapse imaging to assess in-planta uptake of phenylurea herbicides and their microbial degradation. Physiol Plant 118(4): 613\u2013619","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"issue":"5","key":"75_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.19987","volume":"48","author":"C Chien","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chien C, Lin T (2005) Non-destructive growth measurement of selected vegetable seedlings using orthogonal images. Trans ASAE 48(5): 1953\u20131961","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR7","unstructured":"Chien C, Wang C, Yeh C, Lin T (2004) Plant seedling measurement and graphical reconstruction using multiple orthogonal-view images. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on machinery and mechatronics for agriculture and biosystems engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:1(36)","volume":"129","author":"P Colaizzi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colaizzi P, Barnes E, Clarke T, Choi C, Waller P, Haberland J, Kostrzewski M (2003) Water stress detection under high frequency sprinkler irrigation with water deficit index. J Irrig Drain Eng 129(1): 36\u201343","journal-title":"J Irrig Drain Eng"},{"key":"75_CR9","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of optical engineering, vol 2","year":"2003","unstructured":"Driggers, RG (ed) (2003) Encyclopedia of optical engineering, vol 2. Marcel Dekker, New York"},{"key":"75_CR10","unstructured":"Dror R, Shimshoni I (2009) Using phyllotaxis for date palm tree 3D reconstruction from a single image. In: \u2018VISAPP 2009\u2014proceedings of the 4th international conference on computer vision theory and applications, vol 2, pp 288\u2013296"},{"key":"75_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2006.07.072","volume":"185","author":"J Du","year":"2007","unstructured":"Du J, Wang X, Zhang G (2007) Leaf shape based plant species recognition. Appl Math Comput 185: 883\u2013893","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"75_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/70.897793","volume":"16","author":"Y Edan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Edan Y, Rogozin D, Flash T, Miles G (2000) Robotic melon harvesting. IEEE Trans Robot Autom 16(6): 831\u2013834","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Robot Autom"},{"key":"75_CR13","unstructured":"Evans R, Benham B, Trooien T (eds) (1997a) National irrigation symposium: proceedings of the 4th decennial symposium, American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Phoenix, Arizona"},{"key":"75_CR14","unstructured":"Evans R, Buchleiter G, Sadler E, King B, Harting G (1997b) Controls for precision irrigation with self-propelled systems. In: Evans et\u00a0al. (1997a) op. cit. pp 322\u2013331"},{"key":"75_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1999.00021962009100010023x","volume":"91","author":"R Ewing","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ewing R, Horton R (1999) Quantitative color image analysis of agronomic images. Agron J 91: 148\u2013153","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"75_CR16","unstructured":"Fleisher D, Rodriguez L, Both A, Cavazzoni J, Ting K (2006) Advanced life support systems in space. In: CIGR handbook of agricultural engineering, vol 6. Information technology, pp 339\u2013354"},{"key":"75_CR17","unstructured":"Geiger D (2004) Extending the utility of machine based height sensors to spatially monitor cotton growth, Biological and agricultural engineering, Texas A & M University. Master\u2019s Thesis"},{"key":"75_CR18","unstructured":"Haff RP, Slaughter DC (2009) X-ray based stem detection in an automatic tomato weeding system. In: ASABE Meeting Paper No. 096050, ASABE, Sacramento, California, ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR19","unstructured":"Harding KG (2003) Machine vision\u2014lighting. In: Driggers (ed) (2003) op. cit. pp 1227\u20131236"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"67","author":"J Hemming","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hemming J, Rath T (2002) Image processing for plant determination using the Hough transform and clustering methods. Gartenbauwissenschaft 67(1): 1\u201310","journal-title":"Gartenbauwissenschaft"},{"key":"75_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemming J, van Henten E, van Tuijl B, Bontsema J (2005) A leaf detection method using image sequences and leaf movement. In: van Straten et\u00a0al. (ed) (2005) op. cit. pp 765\u2013772","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.691.94"},{"issue":"5","key":"75_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.28490","volume":"36","author":"S Humphries","year":"1993","unstructured":"Humphries S, Simonton W (1993) Identification of plant parts using color and geometric image data. Trans ASAE 36(5): 1493\u20131500","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR23","unstructured":"Hussain A, Raine SR, Henderson CW, Jensen T (2008) Evaluation of a proximal vision data acquisition system for measuring spatial variability in lettuce growth. In: National conference, Agronomy Society of Australia, 21\u201325th September, Adelaide"},{"issue":"11","key":"75_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1139\/x04-103","volume":"34","author":"M Ishida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ishida M (2004) Automatic thresholding for digital hemispherical photography. Can J For Res 34(11): 2208\u20132216","journal-title":"Can J For Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"75_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.3096","volume":"43","author":"A Jimenez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jimenez A, Ceres R, Pons J (2000) A survey of computer vision methods for locating fruit on trees. Trans ASAE 43(6): 1911\u20131920","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"75_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.20293","volume":"26","author":"J Jin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jin J, Tang L (2009) Corn plant sensing using real-time stereo vision. J Field Robot 26(6\u20137): 591\u2013608","journal-title":"J Field Robot"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"75_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2003.08.027","volume":"121","author":"I Jonckheere","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jonckheere I, Fleck S, Nackaerts K, Muys B, Coppin P, Weiss M, Baret F (2004) Review of methods for in situ leaf area index determination. Part I theories, sensors and hemispherical photography. Agric For Meteorol 121(1\u20132): 19\u201335","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"},{"issue":"4","key":"75_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.6231","volume":"44","author":"M Kacira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kacira M, Ling P (2001) Design and development of an automated and noncontact sensing system for continuous monitoring of plant health and growth. Trans ASAE 44(4): 989\u2013996","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"4","key":"75_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.9923","volume":"45","author":"M Kacira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kacira M, Ling P, Short T (2002) Machine vision extracted plant movement for early detection of plant water stress. Trans ASAE 45(4): 1147\u20131153","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR30","unstructured":"Kise M, Zhang Q (2006) Reconstruction of a virtual 3D field scene from ground-based multi-spectral stereo imagery. ASAE Meeting Paper No. 063098, ASAE, Sacramento, California, ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komi PJ, Jackson MR, Parkin RM (2007) Plant classification combining colour and spectral cameras for weed control purposes. In: IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics, pp 2039\u20132042","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2007.4374921"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"75_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006585732197","volume":"12","author":"N Kondo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kondo N, Ting K (1998) Robotics for plant production. Artif Intell Rev 12(1\u20133): 227\u2013243","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"75_CR33","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Imaging spectrometry","author":"L Kumar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kumar L, Schmidt KS, Dury S, Skidmore AK (2001) Imaging spectrometry and vegetation science. In: van der Meer F, de Jong SM (eds) Imaging spectrometry. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 111\u2013155"},{"key":"75_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1996.440.68","volume":"440","author":"K Kurata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kurata K, Yan J (1996) Water stress estimation of tomato canopy based on machine vision. Acta Horticult 440: 389\u2013394","journal-title":"Acta Horticult"},{"issue":"4","key":"75_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.16561","volume":"47","author":"WS Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee WS, Slaughter DC (2004) Recognition of partially occluded plant leaves using a modified Watershed algorithm. Trans ASAE 47(4): 1269\u20131280","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"401","key":"75_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh146","volume":"55","author":"I Leinonen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leinonen I, Jones H (2004) Combining thermal and visible imagery for estimating canopy temperature and identifying plant stress. J Exp Botany 55(401): 1423\u20131431","journal-title":"J Exp Botany"},{"issue":"6","key":"75_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.29198","volume":"52","author":"C McCarthy","year":"2009","unstructured":"McCarthy C, Hancock N, Raine S (2009) Automated internode length measurement of cotton plants under field conditions. Trans ASABE 52(6): 2093\u20132103","journal-title":"Trans ASABE"},{"key":"75_CR38","unstructured":"Milroy S, Goyne P, Larsen D (2002) Cotton information sheet: irrigation scheduling of cotton. Technical report, Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre"},{"issue":"2","key":"75_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(97)00026-4","volume":"18","author":"H Murase","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murase H, Nishiura Y, Mitani K (1997) Environmental control strategies based on plant responses using intelligent machine vision technique. Comput Electron Agric 18(2): 137\u2013148","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"75_CR40","first-page":"68","volume":"51","author":"J Neto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Neto J, Meyer G, Jones D (2006) Individual leaf extractions from young canopy images using Gustafson-Kessel clustering and a genetic algorithm. Comput Electron Agric 51(1\u20132): 68\u201385","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"2","key":"75_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2004.10.002","volume":"128","author":"M Nobis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nobis M, Hunziker U (2005) Automatic thresholding for hemispherical canopy-photographs based on edge-detection. Agric For Meteorol 128(2): 243\u2013250","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.17933","volume":"48","author":"H Noh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noh H, Zhang Q, Han S, Shin B, Reum D (2005) Dynamic calibration and image segmentation methods for multispectral imaging crop nitrogen deficiency sensors. Trans ASAE 48(1): 393\u2013401","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR43","unstructured":"Noordam J, Hemming J, van Heerde C, Golbach F, van Soest R, Wekking E (2005) Automated rose cutting in greenhouses with 3D vision and robotics: analysis of 3D vision techniques for stem detection. In: van Straten et\u00a0al. (2005) op. cit. pp 885\u2013892"},{"key":"75_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan Z, Hu W, Guo X, Zhao C (2004) An efficient image-based 3D reconstruction algorithm for plants. In: The 2004 international conference on computational science and its applications. Assisi, Italy, pp 751\u2013760","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24709-8_79"},{"key":"75_CR45","unstructured":"Praat J, Bollen F, Irie K (2004) New approaches to the management of vineyard variability in New Zealand. In: The 12th Australian wine industry technical conference, managing vineyard variation (precision viticulture). Australian Wine Industry, Melbourne, pp 24\u201330"},{"issue":"3","key":"75_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2004.11.013","volume":"90","author":"F Rovira-Mas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rovira-Mas F, Zhang Q, Reid J (2005) Creation of three-dimensional crop maps based on aerial stereoimages. Biosyst Eng 90(3): 251\u2013259","journal-title":"Biosyst Eng"},{"issue":"60","key":"75_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.24083","volume":"50","author":"O Safren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Safren O, Alchanatis V, Ostrovsky V, Levi O (2007) Detection of green apples in hyperspectral images of apple-tree foliage using machine vision. Trans ASABE 50(60): 2303\u20132313","journal-title":"Trans ASABE"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2004.10.002","volume":"45","author":"A Schumann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schumann A, Zaman Q (2005) Software development for real-time ultrasonic mapping of tree canopy size. Comput Electron Agric 45(1): 25\u201340","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"5","key":"75_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.28768","volume":"35","author":"I Seginer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Seginer I, Elster R, Goodrum J, Reiger M (1992) Plant wilt detection by computer-vision tracking of leaf tips. Trans ASAE 35(5): 1563\u20131567","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"6","key":"75_CR50","first-page":"2037","volume":"33","author":"S Shearer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shearer S, Holmes R (1990) Plant identification using color co-occurrence matrices. Trans ASAE 33(6): 2037\u20132044","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"3","key":"75_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/38.920627","volume":"21","author":"I Shlyakhter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shlyakhter I, Rozenoer M, Dorsey J, Teller S (2001) Reconstructing 3D tree models from instrumented photographs. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 21(3): 53\u201361","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"key":"75_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S, Montemerlo M (1997) Recent results in the grading of vegetative cuttings using computer vision. In: Proceedings of the IEEE-RSJ international conference on intelligent robots and systems innovative robots for real-world applications, pp 1845\u20131850","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.1997.656613"},{"key":"75_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2007.05.008","volume":"61","author":"DC Slaughter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slaughter DC, Giles DK, Downey D (2008) Autonomous robotic weed control systems: a review. Comput Electron Agric 61: 63\u201378","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/14488388.2009.11464801","volume":"7","author":"RJ Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith RJ, Raine SR, McCarthy AC, Hancock NH (2009) Managing spatial and temporal variability in irrigated agriculture through adaptive control. Aust J Multi-disciplinary Eng 7(1): 79\u201390","journal-title":"Aust J Multi-disciplinary Eng"},{"issue":"13","key":"75_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(00)00043-3","volume":"18","author":"P Soille","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soille P (2000) Morphological image analysis applied to crop field mapping. Image Vis Comput 18(13): 1025\u20131032","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(03)00086-3","volume":"42","author":"D Stajnko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stajnko D, Lakota M, Hocevar M (2003) Estimation of number and diameter of apple fruits in an orchard during the growing season by thermal imaging. Comput Electron Agric 42(1): 31\u201342","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"2","key":"75_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.16024","volume":"47","author":"B Steward","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steward B, Tian L, Nettleton D, Tang L (2004) Reduced-dimension clustering for vegetation segmentation. Trans ASAE 47(2): 609\u2013616","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takakura T, Shimomachi T, Takemasa T (2002) Non-destructive detection of plant health. In: Acta Horticulturae, vol 578. International Society for Horticultural Science, pp 303\u2013306","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2002.578.37"},{"key":"75_CR59","unstructured":"Takizawa H, Ezaki N, Mizuno S (2005) Measurement of plants by stereo vision for agricultural applications. In: Proceedings of the seventh IASTED internal conference: signal and image processing"},{"issue":"4","key":"75_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.2970","volume":"43","author":"L Tang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tang L, Tian L, Steward B (2000) Color image segmentation with genetic algorithm for in-field weed sensing. Trans ASAE 43(4): 1019\u20131027","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"5","key":"75_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.31864","volume":"34","author":"K Tarbell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tarbell K, Reid J (1991) A computer vision system for characterizing corn growth and development. Trans ASAE 34(5): 2245\u20132255","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(98)00037-4","volume":"21","author":"L Tian","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tian L, Slaughter D (1998) Environmentally adaptive segmentation algorithm for outdoor image segmentation. Comput Electron Agric 21: 153\u2013168","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"issue":"3","key":"75_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.8587","volume":"18","author":"S Tumbo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tumbo S, Salyani M, Whitney J, Wheaton T, Miller W (2002) Investigation of laser and ultrasonic ranging sensors for measurements of citrus canopy volume. Appl Eng Agric 18(3): 367\u2013372","journal-title":"Appl Eng Agric"},{"issue":"3","key":"75_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020568125418","volume":"13","author":"E Henten van","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Henten E, Hemming J, van Tuijl B, Kornet J, Meuleman J, Bontsema J, van Os E (2002) An autonomous robot for harvesting cucumbers in greenhouses. Autonom Robots 13(3): 241\u2013258","journal-title":"Autonom Robots"},{"key":"75_CR65","unstructured":"van Straten G, Bot G, van Meurs W, Marcelis L (eds) (2005) Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable greenhouse systems, Acta Horticulturae, vol 691. International Society for Horticultural Science"},{"key":"75_CR66","first-page":"533","volume-title":"Precision Agriculture 1997, vol 2. Technology, IT and Management","author":"E Vrindts","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vrindts E, de Baerdemaeker J (1997) Optical discrimination of crop, weed and soil for on-line weed detection. In: Stafford J (ed) Precision Agriculture 1997, vol 2. Technology, IT and Management. BIOS, Oxford, pp 533\u2013544"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s001380050057","volume":"10","author":"A Waksman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Waksman A, Rosenfeld A (1997) Assessing the condition of a plant. Mach Vis Appl 10(1): 35\u201341","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"75_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.4673","volume":"44","author":"N Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang N, Zhang N, Dowell F, Sun Y, Peterson D (2001) Design of an optical weed sensor using plant spectral characteristics. Trans ASAE 44(2): 409\u2013419","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.17285","volume":"98","author":"Z Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang Z, Heinemann P, Sommer H III, Walker P, Morrow C, Heuser C (1998) Identification and separation of micropropagated sugarcane shoots based on the Hough transform. Trans ASAE 98: 1535\u20131541","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"issue":"6","key":"75_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.17795","volume":"47","author":"J Wei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wei J, Salyani M (2004) Development of a laser scanner for measuring tree canopy characteristics: Phase 1 Prototype development. Trans ASAE 47(6): 2101\u20132107","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2005.07.010","volume":"132","author":"L Williams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williams L, Ayars J (2005) Grapevine water use and the crop coefficient are linear functions of the shaded area measured beneath the canopy. Agric For Meteorol 132: 201\u2013211","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"},{"issue":"1","key":"75_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.27838","volume":"38","author":"D Woebbecke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Woebbecke D, Meyer G, Von Bargen K, Mortensen D (1995) Color indices for weed identification under various soil, residue, and lighting conditions. Trans ASAE 38(1): 259\u2013269","journal-title":"Trans ASAE"},{"key":"75_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Liu C, Miao Y, Fei S, Wang S (2008) A machine vision system for continuous field measurement of grape fruit diameter. In: IEEE second international symposium on intelligent information technology application, pp 1064\u20131068","DOI":"10.1109\/IITA.2008.274"}],"container-title":["Intelligent Service Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T19:07:52Z","timestamp":1685732872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]}},"alternative-id":["75"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11370-010-0075-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-2776","1861-2784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-2776","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-2784","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,12]]}}}