{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:13:33Z","timestamp":1764173613732},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]],"date-time":"2010-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1265673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computer Supported Learning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]],"date-time":"2010-02-08T02:03:31Z","timestamp":1265594611000},"page":"103-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring whether students\u2019 use of labelling depends upon the type of activity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Eva Mary","family":"Bures","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Abrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/08923649609526920","volume":"10","author":"PC Abrami","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abrami, P. C., & Bures, E. M. (1996). Computer-supported collaborative learning and distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 10(2), 37\u201342.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Distance Education"},{"key":"9079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2729.1997.00019.x","volume":"13","author":"M Baker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baker, M., & Lund, K. (1997). Promoting reflective interactions in a CSCL environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 13, 175\u2013193.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"9079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1301_1","volume":"13","author":"SA Barab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barab, S. A., & Squire, K. D. (2004). Design-based research: Putting our stake in the ground. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0202_2","volume":"2","author":"A Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, A. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141\u2013178.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9079_CR5","unstructured":"Bures, E. M. (2004). Exploring how to scaffold online dialogue in higher education: Who chooses to use an in-line labelling feature and does it help? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Education, Concordia University, Quebec, Canada."},{"issue":"4","key":"9079_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/09523980903387571","volume":"46","author":"EM Bures","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bures, E. M., Schmid, R., & Abrami, P. C. (2009). \u201cDeveloping a perspective\u201d, \u201cinter-connecting\u201d, and \u201cbringing it together\u201d: Who chooses to use a labelling feature in online conversations in a graduate course? Educational Media International, 46(4), 317\u2013333.","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"key":"9079_CR7","unstructured":"Bures, E. M., Abrami, P. C., & Schmid, R. (2010). Supporting quality online dialogue: Does labelling help? The Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 21(1). (in press)."},{"key":"9079_CR8","volume-title":"HipBone Games","author":"C Cameron","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cameron, C. (1995). HipBone Games. Seattle: Rheingold Associates. Available: http:\/\/home.earthlink.net\/\u223chipbone ."},{"key":"9079_CR9","volume-title":"Learning from media: Arguments, analysis, and evidence","author":"R Clark","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clark, R. (2001). Learning from media: Arguments, analysis, and evidence. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing."},{"issue":"1","key":"9079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X032001009","volume":"32","author":"P Cobb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cobb, P., Confrey, J., diSessa, A., Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2003). Design experiments in educational research. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 9\u201313.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"9079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77750-9_2","volume-title":"New directions in educational technology","author":"A Collins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Collins, A. (1992). Toward a design science of education. In E. Scanlon & T. O\u2019Shea (Eds.), New directions in educational technology (pp. 15\u201322). New York: Springer-Verlag."},{"key":"9079_CR12","unstructured":"Collins, M. P., & Berge, Z. L. (1997). Moderating online electronic discussion groups. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, Il."},{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR13","first-page":"55","volume":"3","author":"L Davie","year":"1988","unstructured":"Davie, L. (1988). Facilitating adult learning though computer-mediated distance education. Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 55\u201369.","journal-title":"Journal of Distance Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/01587910701611328","volume":"28","author":"VP Dennen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dennen, V. P., & Wieland, K. (2007). From interaction to intersubjectivity: Facilitating online group discourse processes. Distance Education, 28(3), 281\u2013297.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"9079_CR15","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Three worlds of CSCL. Can we support CSCL?","author":"P Dillenbourg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dillenbourg, P. (2002). Over-scripting CSCL: The risks of blending collaborative learning with instructional design. In P. A. Kirschner (Ed.), Three worlds of CSCL. Can we support CSCL? (pp. 61\u201391). Heerlen: Open Universiteit Nederland."},{"key":"9079_CR16","unstructured":"Dillenbourg, P. (2006). Split the group where interactions should happen: A model for designing CSCL scripts. Paper presented as part of a symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"9079_CR17","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Designing interaction: Psychology at the human-computer interface","author":"AA diSessa","year":"1991","unstructured":"diSessa, A. A. (1991). Local sciences: Viewing the design of human-computer systems as cognitive science. In J. M. Carroll (Ed.), Designing interaction: Psychology at the human-computer interface (pp. 162\u2013202). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9079_CR18","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship, and discourse","author":"TM Duffy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duffy, T. M., Dueber, B., & Hawley, C. L. (1998). CT in a distributed environment: A pedagogical base for the design of conferencing systems. In C. J. Bonk & K. S. King (Eds.), Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship, and discourse (pp. 51\u201378). Mahwah: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9079_CR19","first-page":"67","volume-title":"On-line education: Perspectives on a new medium","author":"A Feenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feenberg, A. (1991). Social factors in computer mediated communication. In L. Harasim (Ed.), On-line education: Perspectives on a new medium (pp. 67\u201397). New York: Praeger."},{"key":"9079_CR20","unstructured":"Feenberg, A. (2002). The textweaver project. Available at: http:\/\/www.textweaver.org ."},{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1145\/45941.45943","volume":"6","author":"F Flores","year":"1988","unstructured":"Flores, F., Graves, M., Hartfield, B., & Winograd, T. (1988). Computer systems and the design of organizational interaction. ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 6(2), 153\u2013172.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"},{"key":"9079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(02)00020-9","volume":"38","author":"M Grabe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grabe, M., & Sigler, E. (2002). Studying online: Evaluation of an online study environment. Computers & Education, 38, 375\u2013383.","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"9079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2190\/7MQV-X9UJ-C7Q3-NRAG","volume":"17","author":"C Gunawardena","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gunawardena, C., Lowe, C., & Anderson, T. (1997). Analysis of a global online debate and the development of an interaction analysis model for examining social construction of knowledge in computer conferencing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 17(4), 397\u2013431.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"9079_CR24","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community","author":"M Guzdial","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guzdial, M., & Carroll, K. (2002). Exploring the lack of dialogue in computer-supported collaborative learning. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community (pp. 418\u2013424). Hillsdale: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9079_CR25","volume-title":"Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online","author":"L Harasim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Harasim, L., Hiltz, S. R., Teles, L., & Turoff, M. (1995). Learning networks: A field guide to teaching and learning online. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"9079_CR26","unstructured":"Hesse, H. (2002). The Glass Bead Game: (Magister Ludi). R. Winston & C. Winston (Trans.) Swansea: Picador Press. Originally published 1943 as Das Glasperlenspiel (Magister Ludi)."},{"key":"9079_CR27","unstructured":"Hewitt, J. (2002, April). Designing for knowledge building communities. Paper presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA."},{"key":"9079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511805080.012","volume-title":"Designing virtual communities in the service of learning","author":"J Hewitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hewitt, J. (2004). An exploration of community in a knowledge forum classroom: An activity system analysis. In S. Barab, R. Kling, & J. Gray (Eds.), Designing virtual communities in the service of learning (pp. 210\u2013238). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"issue":"8","key":"9079_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1080\/095006900412301","volume":"22","author":"CM Hoadley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoadley, C. M., & Linn, M. C. (2000). Teaching science through online, peer discussions: SpeakEasy in the Knowledge Integration Environment. International Journal of Science Education, 22(8), 839\u2013857.","journal-title":"International Journal of Science Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"9079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1080\/01587910500291470","volume":"26","author":"A Jeong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jeong, A. (2005). A guide to analyzing message-response sequences and group interaction patterns in computer-mediated communication. Distance Education, 26(3), 367\u2013383.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"9079_CR31","unstructured":"Jermann, P. (1996). Conception et analyse d\u2019une interface semi-structure\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 la co-r\u00e9solution de probl\u00e8me. Unpublished master\u2019s thesis, University of Geneva, Switzerland."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9079_CR32","first-page":"211","volume":"2","author":"L Kobbe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kobbe, L., Weinberger, A., Dillenbourg, P., Harrer, A., Hamalainen, R., Hakkinen, P., et al. (2006). Specifying computer-supported collaboration scripts. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2(2\u20133), 211\u2013224.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"issue":"8","key":"9079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9620.2005.00537.x","volume":"107","author":"J Lebaron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lebaron, J., & Miller, D. (2005). The potential of jigsaw role playing to promote the social construction of knowledge in an online graduate course. Teachers College Record, 107(8), 1652\u20131674.","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"issue":"3","key":"9079_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2004.00086.x","volume":"20","author":"S McAlister","year":"2004","unstructured":"McAlister, S., Ravenscroft, A., & Scalone, E. (2004). Combining interaction and context design to support collaborative argumentation using synchronous CMC. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Special Issue: Context, collaboration, computers and learning, 20(3), 194\u2013204.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning Special Issue: Context, collaboration, computers and learning"},{"key":"9079_CR35","unstructured":"Nelson, M. J., & Denny, E. C. (1960). The Nelson\u2013Denny Reading Test. (Rev. J. Brown). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Original 1929."},{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02961476","volume":"16","author":"TC Reeves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2005). Design research: A socially responsible approach to instructional technology research in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 16(2), 97\u2013116.","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"9079_CR37","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community","author":"B Reiser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Reiser, B. (2002). Why scaffolding should sometimes make tasks more difficult for learners. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community (pp. 255\u2013264). Hillsdale: Erlbaum."},{"issue":"3","key":"9079_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1303_2","volume":"13","author":"B Reiser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reiser, B. (2004). Scaffolding complex learning: The mechanisms of structuring and problematizing student work. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 273\u2013304.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"9079_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-6842-6","volume":"1","author":"J Rick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rick, J., & Guzdial, M. (2006). Situating CoWeb: A scholarship of application. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1(1), 89\u2013115.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9079_CR40","first-page":"434","volume-title":"Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community","author":"J Rick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rick, J., Guzdial, M., Carroll, K., Hollaway-Attaway, L., & Walker, B. (2002). Collaborative learning at low cost: CoWeb use in English composition. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Computer support for collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community (pp. 434\u2013442). Hillsdale: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9079_CR41","volume-title":"Computer-mediated communication and the on-line classroom in distance education. Volume III, Chapter 5","author":"RW Rohfeld","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rohfeld, R. W., & Hiemstra, R. (1995). Moderating discussions in the electronic classroom. In Z. L. Berge & M. P. Collins (Eds.), Computer-mediated communication and the on-line classroom in distance education. Volume III, Chapter 5. Cresskill: Hampton."},{"issue":"3","key":"9079_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0303_3","volume":"3","author":"M Scardamalia","year":"1994","unstructured":"Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1994). Computer support for knowledge building communities. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3(3), 265\u2013283.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9079_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496405281771","volume":"36","author":"T Schellens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schellens, T., Van Keer, H., & Valcke, M. (2005). The impact of role assignment on knowledge construction in asynchronous discussion groups: A multilevel analysis. Small Group Research, 36, 704\u2013745.","journal-title":"Small Group Research"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9079_CR44","first-page":"225","volume":"2","author":"TV Schellens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schellens, T. V., Keer, H., De Wever, B., & Valke, M. (2006). Scripting by assigning roles: Does it improve knowledge construction in asynchronous discussion groups? International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2(2\u20133), 225\u2013246.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9079_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-004-2518-7","volume":"32","author":"S Schrire","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schrire, S. (2004). Interaction and cognition in asynchronous computer conferencing. Instructional Science, 32, 475\u2013502.","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"key":"9079_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloffer, S., Dueber, B., & Duffy, T. (1999). Using asynchronous conferencing to promote critical thinking: Two implementations in higher education. Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (1999, Maui, Hawaii). New York: IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.1999.772807"},{"key":"9079_CR47","volume-title":"Connections: New ways of working in the net-worked organization","author":"L Sproull","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1991). Connections: New ways of working in the net-worked organization. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"9079_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3372.001.0001","volume-title":"Group cognition: Computer support for collaborative knowledge building","author":"G Stahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stahl, G. (2006). Group cognition: Computer support for collaborative knowledge building. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"9079_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-36949-5_11","volume-title":"Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning: Cognitive, computational and educational perspectives","author":"DD Suthers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Suthers, D. D. (2007). Roles of computational scripts. In F. Fischer, I. Kollar, H. Mandl, & J. M. Haake (Eds.), Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning: Cognitive, computational and educational perspectives (pp. 177\u2013190). New York: Springer."},{"key":"9079_CR50","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9079_CR51","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"C Xin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xin, C., & Feenberg, A. (2006). Pedagogy in cyberspace: The dynamics of online discourse. The Journal of Distance Education, 21(2), 1\u201325.","journal-title":"The Journal of Distance Education"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T10:45:19Z","timestamp":1559385919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11412-009-9079-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-1607","1556-1615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-1607","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-1615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,9]]}}}