{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T04:54:30Z","timestamp":1772772870676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,16]],"date-time":"2014-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intern. J. Comput.-Support. Collab. Learn."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]],"date-time":"2014-08-15T01:59:55Z","timestamp":1408067995000},"page":"305-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["An examination of CSCL methodological practices and the influence of theoretical frameworks 2005\u20132009"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Heisawn","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cindy E.","family":"Hmelo-Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.02.008","volume":"21","author":"GW Alpers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alpers, G. W., Winzelberg, A. J., Classen, C., Roberts, H., Dev, P., Koopman, C., et al. (2005). Evaluation of computerized text analysis in an Internet breast cancer support group. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 361\u2013376.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X11428813","volume":"41","author":"T Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16\u201325.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"9198_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-008-9044-6","volume":"3","author":"N Ares","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ares, N. (2008). Cultural practices in networked classroom learning environments. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3, 301\u2013326.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-8874-3","volume":"1","author":"HC Arnseth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arnseth, H. C., & Ludvigsen, S. (2006). Approaching institutional contexts: Systemic versus dialogic research in CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 167\u2013185.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9022-4","volume":"2","author":"M Baker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baker, M., Andriessen, J., Lund, K., van Amelsvoort, M., & Quignard, M. (2007). Rainbow: A framework for analyzing computer-mediated pedagogical debates. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2, 315\u2013357.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327809JLS10-1-2_2","volume":"10","author":"SA Barab","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barab, S. A., & Kirshner, D. (2001). Methodologies for capturing learner practices occurring as part of dynamic learning environments. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10, 5\u20136.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1301_1","volume":"13","author":"SA Barab","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barab, S. A., & Squire, K. D. (2004). Design-based research: Putting a stake in the ground. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000094368","volume":"49","author":"B Barron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barron, B. (2006). Interest and self-sustained learning as catalysts of development: A learning ecology perspective. Human Development, 49(4), 193.","journal-title":"Human Development"},{"key":"9198_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.04.002","volume":"17","author":"P Beers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beers, P., Boshuizen, H. P. A., Kirschner, P., & Gijselaers, W. H. (2007). The analysis of negotiation of common ground in CSCL. Learning and Instruction, 17, 427\u2013435.","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9198_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2005.00156.x","volume":"22","author":"O Berge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berge, O., & Fjuk, A. (2006). Understanding the roles of online meetings in a net-based course. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22, 13\u201323.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.017","volume":"50","author":"F Blin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blin, F., & Munro, M. (2008). Why hasn\u2019t technology disrupted academics\u2019 teaching practices? Understanding resistance to change through the lens of activity theory. Computers and Education, 50, 475\u2013490.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2007.tb00920.x","volume":"96","author":"M Borrego","year":"2007","unstructured":"Borrego, M. (2007). Conceptual difficulties experienced by engineering faculty becoming engineering education researchers. Journal of Engineering Education, 96(2), 91\u2013102.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0202_2","volume":"2","author":"AL Brown","year":"1992","unstructured":"Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141\u2013178.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/590553","volume":"35","author":"A Bryman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bryman, A. (1984). The debate about quantitative and qualitative research: A question of method or epistemology. The British Journal of Sociology, 35(1), 75\u201392.","journal-title":"The British Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03610927408827101","volume":"3","author":"T Calinski","year":"1974","unstructured":"Calinski, T., & Harabasz, J. (1974). A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods, 3(1), 1\u201327.","journal-title":"Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods"},{"key":"9198_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.2004.00173.x","volume":"14","author":"W Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, W., & Hirschheim, R. (2004). A paradigmatic and methodological examination of information systems research from 1991 to 2001. Information Systems Journal, 14, 197\u2013235.","journal-title":"Information Systems Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"9198_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0603_1","volume":"6","author":"MTH Chi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chi, M. T. H. (1997). Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: A practical guide. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6(3), 271\u2013315.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2008.01005.x","volume":"1","author":"MTH Chi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chi, M. T. H. (2009). Active-constructive-interactive: A conceptual framework for differentiating learning activities. Topics in Cognitive Science, 1, 73\u2013105.","journal-title":"Topics in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"9198_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog2504_1","volume":"25","author":"MTH Chi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chi, M. T. H., Siler, S. A., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T., & Hausmann, R. G. (2001). Learning from human tutoring. Cognitive Science, 25, 471\u2013533.","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"key":"9198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.02.004","volume":"48","author":"K Cho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cho, K., & Schunn, C. (2007). Scaffolded writing and rewriting in the discipline: A web-based reciprocal peer review system. Computers and Education, 48, 409\u2013426.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"9","key":"9198_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X08327826","volume":"37","author":"P Cobb","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cobb, P., & Jackson, K. (2008). The consequences of experimentalism in formulating recommendations for policy and practice in mathmatics education. Educational Researcher, 37(9), 573\u2013581.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"9198_CR22","volume-title":"Handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (Eds.). (2009). Handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Russell Sage.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9198_CR23","volume-title":"Scientific culture and educational research","author":"NR Council","year":"2002","unstructured":"Council, N. R. (2002). Scientific culture and educational research. Washington: National Academies of Press."},{"key":"9198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9032-2","volume":"3","author":"U Cress","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cress, U. (2008). The need for considering multilevel analysis in CSCL research\u2014an appeal for the use of more advanced statistical methods. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3, 69\u201384.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cress, U., Barquero, B., Schwain, S., & Hesse, F. W. (2007). Improving quality and quantity of contributions: Two models for promoting knowledge exchange with shared database. Computers and Education, 49, 423\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.10.003"},{"key":"9198_CR26","volume-title":"Future work skills 2020","author":"A Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies, A., Fidler, D., & Gorbis, M. (2011). Future work skills 2020. Palo Alto: Institue for the future."},{"key":"9198_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-006-9007-0","volume":"35","author":"M Laat De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Laat, M., Lally, V., Lipponen, L., & Simons, R.-J. (2007). Online teaching in networked learning communities: A multi-method approach to studying the role of the teacher. Instructional Science, 35, 257\u2013286.","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"key":"9198_CR28","volume-title":"Cognitive perspectives on peer learning","author":"R Lisi De","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Lisi, R., & Golbeck, S. L. (1999). Implications of Piagetian theory for peer learning. In A. M. O\u2019Donnell & A. King (Eds.), Cognitive perspectives on peer learning. Mahwah: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9198_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.04.005","volume":"46","author":"B Wever De","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Wever, B., Schellens, T., Valcke, M., & van Keer, H. (2006). Content analysis schemes to analyze transcripts of online asynchronous discussion groups: a review. Computers and Education, 46, 6\u201328.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.04.001","volume":"17","author":"B Wever De","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Wever, B., van Keer, H., Schellens, T., & Valcke, M. (2007). Applying multi-level modelling to content analysis data: Methodological issues in the study of role assignment in asynchronous discussion groups. Learning and Instruction, 17, 436\u2013447.","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9198_CR31","volume-title":"Technology-enhance learning","author":"P Dillenbourg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dillenbourg, P., Jarvela, S., & Fischer, F. (2009). The evolution of research on computer-supported collaborative learning. In N. Balacheff (Ed.), Technology-enhance learning. New York: Springer."},{"issue":"3","key":"9198_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420050309","volume":"5","author":"W Doise","year":"1975","unstructured":"Doise, W., Mugny, G., & Perret-Clermont, A. (1975). Social interaction and the development of cognitive operations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5(3), 367\u2013383.","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1402_3","volume":"14","author":"YJ Dori","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dori, Y. J., & Belcher, J. (2005). How does technology-enabled active learning affect undergraduate students\u2019 understanding of electromagnetism concepts? Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(2), 243\u2013279.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2004.05.003","volume":"45","author":"LP Dringus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dringus, L. P., & Ellis, T. (2005). Using data mining as a strategy for assessing asynchronous discussion forum. Computers and Education, 45, 141\u2013160.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyke, G., Lund, K., & Girardot, J.-J. (2009). Tatiana: An environment to support the CSCL analysis process. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, International Society of the Learning Sciences.","DOI":"10.3115\/1600053.1600062"},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2006.00173.x","volume":"22","author":"RA Ellis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ellis, R. A., Goodyear, P., Prosser, M., & O\u2019Hara, A. O. (2006). How and what university students learn through online and face-to-face discussion: conceptions, intentions and approaches. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22(4), 244\u2013256.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/13639080020028747","volume":"14","author":"R Engestr\u00f6m","year":"2001","unstructured":"Engestr\u00f6m, R. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), 133\u2013156.","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Work"},{"key":"9198_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-008-9052-6","volume":"3","author":"G Erkens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erkens, G., & Janssen, J. (2008). Automatic coding of dialogue acts in collaboration protocols. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3, 447\u2013470.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470977811","volume-title":"Cluster analysis (Wiley series in probability and statistics)","author":"BS Everitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., Leese, M., & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster analysis (Wiley series in probability and statistics) (5th ed.). West Sussex: Wiley.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.6339\/JDS.2005.03(1).192","volume":"3","author":"H Finch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Finch, H. (2005). Comparison of distance measures in cluster analysis with dichotomous data. Journal of Data Science, 3(1), 85\u2013100.","journal-title":"Journal of Data Science"},{"key":"9198_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-6845-3","volume":"1","author":"H Fuks","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fuks, H., Pimentel, M., & de Lucena, C. J. P. (2006). R-U-Typing-2-Me? Evolving a chat tool to increase understanding in learning activities. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 117\u2013142.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR42","first-page":"119","volume":"23","author":"JP Gee","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gee, J. P., & Green, J. L. (1998). Discourse analysis, learning, and school practice: A methodological study. Review of Research in Education, 23, 119\u2013169.","journal-title":"Review of Research in Education"},{"key":"9198_CR43","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research","author":"BG Glaser","year":"1967","unstructured":"Glaser, B. G., & Straus, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New Brunswick: Aldine transaction."},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X09336671","volume":"38","author":"C Greenhow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age web 2.0 and classroom research: what path should we take now? Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246\u2013259.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1504_4","volume":"15","author":"JG Greeno","year":"2006","unstructured":"Greeno, J. G. (2006). Authorative, accountable positioning and connected, general knowing: progressive themes in understanding transfer. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(4), 537\u2013547.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR46","unstructured":"Guribye, F., & Wasson, B. (2002). The ethnography of distributed collaborative learning. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Foundations for a CSCL Community. International Society of the Learning Sciences."},{"issue":"3","key":"9198_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2190\/K3P8-8164-L56J-33W4","volume":"36","author":"KF Hew","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hew, K. F., Kale, U., & Kim, N. (2007). Past research in instructional technology: Results of a content analysis of empirical studies published in three prominent instructional technology journals from the year 2000 through 2004. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 36(3), 269\u2013300.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"9198_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.02.001","volume":"49","author":"J Hewitt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hewitt, J., & Brett, C. (2007). The relationship between class size and online activity patterns in asynchronous computer conferencing environments. Computers and Education, 49, 1258\u20131271.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2003.07.001","volume":"41","author":"CE Hmelo-Silver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2003). Analyzing collaborative knowledge construction: Multiple methods for integrated understanding. Computers and Education, 41, 397\u2013420.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR50","unstructured":"Howley, I., Kumar, R., Mayfield, E., Dyke, G., & Ros\u00e9, C. P. (2013). Gaining insights from sociolinguistic style analysis for redesign of conversational agent based support for collaborative learning Productive multivocality in the analysis of group interactions (pp. 477\u2013494): Springer."},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2190\/H16L-4662-6000-0446","volume":"36","author":"S Hrastinski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hrastinski, S., & Keller, C. (2007). An examination of research approaches that underlie research on educational technology: A review from 2000 to 2004. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 36(2), 175\u2013190.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"9198_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2005.00140.x","volume":"21","author":"HGK Hummel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hummel, H. G. K., Burgos, D., Tattersall, F., Brouns, F., Kurvers, H., & Koper, R. (2005). Encouraging contributions in learning networks using incentive mechanisms. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 355\u2013365.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1881.001.0001","volume-title":"Cognition in the wild","author":"E Hutchins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hutchins, E. (1995). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge: The MIT Press."},{"key":"9198_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2005.00142.x","volume":"21","author":"N Jacobs","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobs, N., & McFarlane, A. (2005). Conferences as learning communities: Some early lessons in using \u2018back-channel\u2019 technologies at an academic conference-distributed intelligence or divided attention? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 317\u2013329.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR55","first-page":"168","volume-title":"The international handbook of collaborative learning","author":"H Jeong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jeong, H. (2013). Verbal data analysis for understanding interactions. In C. Hmelo-Silver, A. M. O\u2019Donnell, C. Chan, & C. Chinn (Eds.), The international handbook of collaborative learning (pp. 168\u2013183). London: Routledge."},{"key":"9198_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, H., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2010a). Technology use in CSCL: A content meta-analysis. In Proceedings of the 43rd Hawaiian International Conference on System Science. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2010.364"},{"key":"9198_CR57","unstructured":"Jeong, H., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2010b). An overview of CSCL methodologies. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, International Society of the Learning Sciences."},{"key":"9198_CR58","unstructured":"Jeong, H., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2011). A portrait of CSCL methodologies. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the Learning Sciences. International Society of the Learning Sciences."},{"key":"9198_CR59","unstructured":"Jeong, H., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2012). Technology supports in CSCL. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Learning Sciences. International Society of the Learning Sciences."},{"key":"9198_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.05.012","volume":"51","author":"P Jermann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jermann, P., & Dillenbourg, P. (2008). Group mirrors to support interaction regulation in collaborative problem solving. Computers and Education, 51, 279\u2013296.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR61","volume-title":"Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches","author":"R Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson, R., & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage."},{"issue":"7","key":"9198_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X033007014","volume":"33","author":"R Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson, R., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed method research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14\u201326.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls0401_2","volume":"4","author":"B Jordan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jordan, B., & Henderson, A. (1995). Interaction analysis: Foundations and practice. The Journal of the Learning Science, 4(1), 39\u2013103.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1301_6","volume":"13","author":"A Kelly","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kelly, A. (2004). Design research in education: Yes, but is it methodological? Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 115\u2013128.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR65","volume-title":"Design and analysis","author":"G Keppel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Keppel, G., & Wickens, T. D. (2004). Design and analysis. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall."},{"key":"9198_CR66","volume-title":"International handbook of collaborative learning","author":"T Koschmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koschmann, T. (2013). Conversation analysis and collaborative learning. In C. Hmelo-Silver, A. M. O\u2019Donnell, C. Chan, & C. Chinn (Eds.), International handbook of collaborative learning. London: Taylor and Francis."},{"key":"9198_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0068-0_5","volume-title":"ECSCW 2003","author":"T Koschmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koschmann, T., & LeBaron, C. D. (2003). Reconsidering common ground: Examining Clark\u2019s contribution theory in the OR. In K. Kuutti, E. Karsten, G. Fitzpatrick, P. Dourish, & K. Schmidt (Eds.), ECSCW 2003 (pp. 81\u201398). Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishing."},{"key":"9198_CR68","volume-title":"Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work","author":"RM Krauss","year":"1990","unstructured":"Krauss, R. M., & Fussell, S. R. (1990). Mutual knowledge and communicative effectiveness. In J. Galegher, R. E. Kraut, & C. Edigo (Eds.), Intellectual teamwork: Social and technological foundations of cooperative work. Hillsdale: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9198_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-6844-4","volume":"1","author":"EYC Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee, E. Y. C., Chan, C. K. K., & van Aalst, J. (2006). Students assessing their own collaborative knowledge building. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 57\u201387.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR70","volume-title":"Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles","author":"JM Levine","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levine, J. M., & Thompson, L. (1996). Conflict in groups. In E. T. Higgins & A. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles. New York: The Guilford Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1404_2","volume":"14","author":"CP Lim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lim, C. P., & Barnes, S. (2005). A collective case study of the use of ICT in economics courses: A sociocultural approach. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(4), 489\u2013526.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"9198_CR72","first-page":"30","volume":"46","author":"P Long","year":"2011","unstructured":"Long, P., & Siemens, G. (2011). Penetrating the fog: Analytics in learning and education. EDUCAUSE Review, 46(5), 30\u201332.","journal-title":"EDUCAUSE Review"},{"key":"9198_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.11.014","volume":"46","author":"C Markett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Markett, C., Sanchez, I. A., Weber, S., & Tangney, B. (2006). Using short message service to encourage interactivity in the classroom. Computers and Education, 46, 280\u2013293.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"9198_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.840466","volume":"22","author":"T Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martin, T., & Sherin, B. (2013). Learning analytics and computational techniques for detecting and evaluating patterns in learning: an introduction to the special issue. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 22(4), 511\u2013520. doi: 10.1080\/10508406.2013.840466 .","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR75","unstructured":"Martinez, A., Dimitriadis, Y., & Fuente, P. d. l. (2003). Interaction analysis for formative evaluation in CSCL. In M. Llamas, M. J. Fern\u00e1ndez & L. E. Anido (Eds.), Computers and Education. Towards a Lifelong Learning Society (pp. 227\u2013238): Kluwer Academic."},{"key":"9198_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-8705-6","volume":"1","author":"A Martinez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez, A., Dimitriadis, Y., Gomez-Sanchez, E., Rubia-Avi, B., Jorrin-Abellan, I., & Marcos, J. A. (2006). Studying participation networks in collaborating using mixed methods. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 383\u2013408.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR77","unstructured":"Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2). Art. 20, http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0002204 ."},{"key":"9198_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2004.08.004","volume":"44","author":"C McCarthy","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCarthy, C., Bligh, J., Jennings, K., & Tangney, B. (2005). Virtual collaborative learning environments for music networked drumsteps. Computers and Education, 44, 173\u2013195.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-9005-x","volume":"2","author":"A Meier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meier, A., Spada, H., & Rummel, N. (2007). A rating scheme for assessing the quality of computer-supported collaboration processes. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2, 63\u201386.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR80","volume-title":"Sage handbook of e-learning research","author":"N Miyake","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyake, N. (2006). Computer supported collaborative learning. In R. Andrew & C. Haythornwaite (Eds.), Sage handbook of e-learning research. London: Sage."},{"key":"9198_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2007.00235.x","volume":"23","author":"EM Morken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morken, E. M., Divitini, M., & Haugalokken. (2007). Enriching spaces in practice-based education to support collaboration while mobile: the case of teacher education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23, 300\u2013311.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR82","volume-title":"Deconstructing the conventional discourse of methodology. Critical theory and methodology","author":"RA Morrow","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morrow, R. A., & Brown, D. B. (1994). Deconstructing the conventional discourse of methodology. Critical theory and methodology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication."},{"key":"9198_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2006.10.003","volume":"23","author":"L Munneke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Munneke, L., Andriessen, J., Kanselaar, G., & Kirschner, P. (2007). Supporting interactive argumentation: influence of representational tools on discussing a wicked problem. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 1072\u20131088.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9198_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.04.001","volume":"46","author":"S Naidu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naidu, S., & Jarvela, S. (2006). Analyzing CMC for what? Computers and Education, 46, 96\u2013103.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR85","volume-title":"The content analysis: Guidebook","author":"KA Neuendorf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis: Guidebook. London: Thousand Oaks."},{"key":"9198_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-0355(99)00015-4","volume":"31","author":"PR Pintrich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pintrich, P. R. (1999). The role of motivation in prompting and sustaining self-regulated learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 31, 459\u2013470.","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"9198_CR87","unstructured":"Plomp, T., & Nieveen, N. (2007). An introduction to educational design research. In Proceedings of the Seminar Conducted at the East China Normal University. Netherlands: SLO-Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development."},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.2307\/2393988","volume":"41","author":"WW Powell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Powell, W. W., Koput, K. W., & Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116\u2013145.","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"key":"9198_CR89","volume-title":"The international handbook of collaborative learning","author":"S Puntambekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Puntambekar, S. (2013). Mixed methods for analyzing collaborative learning. In C. Hmelo-Silver, A. M. O\u2019Donnell, C. Chan, & C. Chinn (Eds.), The international handbook of collaborative learning. London: Taylor and Francis."},{"key":"9198_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.06.014","volume":"49","author":"Raffleff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raffleff. (2007). The reliability of content analysis of computer conference communication. Computers and Education, 49, 230\u2013242.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-6842-6","volume":"1","author":"M Rick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rick, M., & Guzdial, M. (2006). Situating coweb: A scholarship of application. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 89\u2013115.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.020","volume":"50","author":"J Robertson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robertson, J., & Howells, C. (2008). Computer game design: Opportunities for successful learning. Computers and Education, 50, 559\u2013578.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR93","first-page":"679","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology","author":"B Rogoff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rogoff, B. (1998). Cognition as a collaborative process. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (pp. 679\u2013744). New York: Wiley."},{"key":"9198_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.05.016","volume":"51","author":"C Romero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romero, C., Ventura, S., & Garcia, E. (2008). Data mining in course management systems: Moodle case study and tutorial. Computers and Education, 51, 368\u2013384.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9034-0","volume":"3","author":"C Ros\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ros\u00e9, C., Wang, Y.-C., Cui, Y., Arguello, J., Stegmann, K., Weinberger, A., et al. (2008). Analyzing collaborative learning processes automatically: Exploiting the advances of computational linguistics in computer-supported collaborative learning. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 3, 237\u2013271.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1402_2","volume":"14","author":"N Rummel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2005). Learning to collaborate: An instructional approach to promoting collaborative problem solving in computer-mediated settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14(2), 201\u2013241.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR97","volume-title":"Lectures on conversation","author":"H Sacks","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sacks, H. (1992). Lectures on conversation. Malden: Blackwell."},{"key":"9198_CR98","volume-title":"Dsitributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations","year":"1993","unstructured":"Salomon, G. (Ed.). (1993). Dsitributed cognitions: Psychological and educational considerations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9198_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/10508406.2013.778204","volume":"23","author":"WA Sandoval","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sandoval, W. A. (2014). Conjecture mapping: An approach to systematic educational design research. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 23, 18\u201336.","journal-title":"Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"key":"9198_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.02.005","volume":"51","author":"EC Schmid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmid, E. C. (2008). Potential pedagogical benefits and drawbacks of multimedia use in the English language classroom equipped with interactive whiteboard technology. Computers and Education, 51, 1553\u20131568.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-007-9024-2","volume":"2","author":"BB Schwarz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schwarz, B. B., & Glassner, A. (2007). The role of floor control and of ontology in argumentative activities with discussion-based tools. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 2, 449\u2013478.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR102","volume-title":"Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference","author":"WR Shadish","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company."},{"key":"9198_CR103","volume-title":"Statistical reasoning for the behavioral sciences","author":"RJ Shavelson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shavelson, R. J. (1996). Statistical reasoning for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X032001025","volume":"32","author":"RJ Shavelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shavelson, R. J., Phillips, D. C., Towne, L., & Feuer, M. J. (2003). On the science of education design studies. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 25\u201328.","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.127","volume":"84","author":"RM Shiffrin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Shiffrin, R. M., & Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84(2), 127\u2013190.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"9198_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.10.004","volume":"51","author":"M Shih","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shih, M., Feng, J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2008). Research and trends in the field of e-learning from 2001 to 2005: A content analysis of cognitive studies in selected journals. Computers and Education, 51, 955\u2013967.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3372.001.0001","volume-title":"Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge","author":"G Stahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stahl, G. (2006). Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9198_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-013-9169-0","volume":"8","author":"G Stahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stahl, G. (2013). Learning across levels. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 8(1), 2\u201311.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR109","volume-title":"Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences","author":"G Stahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stahl, G., Koschmann, T., & Suthers, D. D. (2006). Computer-supported collaborative learning: A historical perspective. In R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9198_CR110","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research","author":"A Straus","year":"1990","unstructured":"Straus, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Newbury Park: Sage publication."},{"key":"9198_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.03.005","volume":"17","author":"J Strijbos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Strijbos, J., & Stahl, G. (2007). Methodological issues in developing a multi-dimensional coding procedure for small-group chat communication. Learning and Instruction, 17, 394\u2013404.","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9198_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.04.002","volume":"46","author":"J Strijbos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strijbos, J., Martens, R. L., Prins, F. J., & Jochems, W. M. G. (2006). Content analysis: What are they talking about? Computers and Education, 46, 29\u201348.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR113","unstructured":"Sung, S., Shen, J., & Zhang, D. (2012). Toward a cognitive framework of interdisciplinary understanding. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Learning Sciences. International Society of the Learning Sciences."},{"key":"9198_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-9660-y","volume":"1","author":"DD Suthers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suthers, D. D. (2006). Technology affordances for intersubjective meaning making: A research agenda for CSCL. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 315\u2013337.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8960-3","volume-title":"Productive multivocality in the analysis of group interactions","author":"DD Suthers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suthers, D. D., Lund, K., Rose, C., Teplovs, C., & Law, N. (2013). Productive multivocality in the analysis of group interactions. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"9198_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2007.00274.x","volume":"24","author":"D Swinglehurst","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swinglehurst, D., Russell, J., & Greenhalgh, T. (2008). Peer observation of teaching in the online environment: An action research approach. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24, 383\u2013393.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"9198_CR117","volume-title":"What work require of schools: A SCANS report for America 2000","author":"The Secretary\u2019s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills","year":"1991","unstructured":"The Secretary\u2019s Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills. (1991). What work require of schools: A SCANS report for America 2000. Washington: US Department of Labor."},{"key":"9198_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.21.020170.002253","volume":"21","author":"E Tulving","year":"1970","unstructured":"Tulving, E., & Madigan, S. A. (1970). Memory and verbal learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 21, 437\u2013484.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"9198_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.10.002","volume":"21","author":"H Meij Van der","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van der Meij, H., de Vries, B., Boersma, K., Pieters, J., & Wegerif, R. (2005). An examination of interactional coherence in email use in elementary school. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 417\u2013439.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9198_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Pol, J., Van den Berg, B., Admiraal, W. F., & Simons, P. R. J. (2008). The nature, reception, and use of online peer feedback in higher education. Computers and Education, 51(4), 1804\u20131817.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2008.06.001"},{"key":"9198_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.10.024","volume":"21","author":"J Drie Van","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Drie, J., van Boxtel, C., Jaspers, J., & Kanselaar, G. (2005). Effect of representational guidance on domain specific reasoning in CSCL. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 575\u2013602.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"9198_CR122","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Problems of representation in the teaching and learning of mathematics","author":"E Glaserfeld Von","year":"1987","unstructured":"Von Glaserfeld, E. (1987). Learning as a constructive activity. In C. Janvier (Ed.), Problems of representation in the teaching and learning of mathematics (pp. 3\u201338). Hillsdale: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9198_CR123","volume-title":"Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes","author":"LS Vygotsky","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"9198_CR124","unstructured":"What Works Clearninghouse. (2008). Procedures and standards handbook (version 2.1) Retrieved February 14, 2013, from http:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/ncee\/wwc\/DocumentSum.aspx?sid=19 ."},{"key":"9198_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanchar, S. C., & Williams, D. D. (2006). Reconsidering the compatibility thesis and electicism: Five proposed guidelines for method use. Educational Researcher, 35(9), 3-12.","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X035009003"},{"issue":"2","key":"9198_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2004.12.007","volume":"48","author":"Z Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang, Z., & Liu, Q. (2007). Research and development of web-based virtual online classroom. Computers and Education, 48(2), 171\u2013184.","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"9198_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-006-8994-9","volume":"1","author":"J Yukawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yukawa, J. (2006). Co-reflection in online learning: Collaborative critical thinking as narrative. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 203\u2013228.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T06:18:43Z","timestamp":1746339523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,16]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11412-014-9198-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-1607","1556-1615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-1607","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-1615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,16]]}}}