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These profiles, which we name <jats:italic>Expressive Explorers<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Calm Tinkerers<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Silent Wanderers<\/jats:italic>, confirm previous collaborative learning findings. In particular, the amount of speech interaction and the overlap of speech between a pair of learners are behavior patterns that strongly distinguish between learning and non-learning pairs. Delving deeper, findings suggest that overlapping speech between learners can indicate engagement that is conducive to learning. When we more broadly consider learner affect and actions during the task, we are better able to characterize the range of behavioral profiles exhibited among those who learn. Specifically, we discover two behavioral dimensions along which those who learn vary, namely, problem solving strategy (actions) and emotional expressivity (affect). This finding suggests a relation between problem solving strategy and emotional behavior; one strategy leads to more frustration compared to another. These findings have implications for the design of real-time learning interventions that support productive collaborative learning in open-ended tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-021-09358-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T03:02:25Z","timestamp":1642734145000},"page":"485-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Many are the ways to learn identifying multi-modal behavioral profiles of collaborative learning in constructivist activities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jauwairia","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Kothiyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dillenbourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"9358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003","volume":"68","author":"RS Baker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baker, R. 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