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Consistent with a theoretically derived moderation model, the relationships between first-language heterogeneity and self-efficacy gains were moderated by the amount of time that the groups spent on task-related communication during the initial collaboration phase (i.e., the relationships were significant when little time was spent on it but not when a great deal of time was spent on it). In contrast, the amount of time that groups spent on communication related to getting to know each other was ineffective as a significant moderator. Follow-up analyses indicated that time spent getting to know each other in first-language heterogeneous CSCL groups seems to have had the paradoxical effect of increasing rather than decreasing perceptions of heterogeneity among group members. Apparently, this effect impaired online interaction self-efficacy gains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-023-09411-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1699668093000},"page":"513-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of first-language heterogeneity in the acquisition of online interaction self-efficacy in CSCL"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3792-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Reich-Stiebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan-Bennet","family":"Voltmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7123-1936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Raimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"St\u00fcrmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.1.94","volume":"90","author":"H Aguinis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aguinis, H., Beaty, J. 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