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Through a design ethnographic approach, we analyze video records of everyday training practices at a simulator center in Scandinavia, exploring (a) how feedback is delivered to students during collaborative activities in full-mission simulators and (b) which sensors are needed and why they are needed for capturing the multimodal nature of professional performance, communication, and collaboration in simulation-based collaborative learning. Our detailed analysis of two episodes from the data corpus shows how the delivery of feedback during simulations consists of recurring, multidimensional, and multimodal feedback cycles, comprising instructors\u2019 close monitoring of student\u2019s actions to continuously assess the fit between the learning objectives and the ongoing task. Through these embedded assessments, feedback that draws on the rich semiotic resources of the simulated environment, while considering aspects of realism and authenticity, is provided. Considering the multidimensional and multimodal nature of feedback in professional learning contexts, we identify technologies and sensors needed for capturing professional performance in simulated environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-024-09435-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T14:01:40Z","timestamp":1728655300000},"page":"201-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toward multimodal learning analytics in simulation-based collaborative learning: A design ethnography of maritime training"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7451-6208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlott","family":"Sellberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2006.00617","volume":"54","author":"N Bailey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bailey, N., Housley, W., & Belcher, P. 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