{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T16:10:31Z","timestamp":1742400631340,"version":"3.40.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Syst Sci Complex"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1742399558000},"page":"178-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Two-Pronged Approach to Security of Discrete-Event Systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Shoma","family":"Matsui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Rudie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4263_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1137\/0325013","volume":"25","author":"P J Ramadge","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ramadge P J and Wonham W M, Supervisory control of a class of discrete event processes, Journal on Control and Optimization, 1987, 25(1): 206\u2013230.","journal-title":"Journal on Control and Optimization"},{"key":"4263_CR2","first-page":"5450","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","author":"B H Schonewille","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schonewille B H, Moulton R H, and Rudie K, Enforcing degree of opacity with supervisory control, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2022, 5450\u20135457."},{"key":"4263_CR3","first-page":"7635","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","author":"S Matsui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsui S and Cai K, Secret securing with multiple protections and minimum costs, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2019, 7635\u20137640."},{"key":"4263_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2004.10.010","volume":"121","author":"J W Bryans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bryans J W, Koutny M, and Ryan P Y A, Modelling opacity using Petri nets, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2005, 121: 101\u2013115.","journal-title":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"4263_CR5","first-page":"5056","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","author":"A Saboori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saboori A and Hadjicostis C N, Notions of security and opacity in discrete event systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007, 5056\u20135061."},{"key":"4263_CR6","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems","author":"A Saboori","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saboori A and Hadjicostis C N, Verification of initial-state opacity in security applications of des, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, 2008, 328\u2013333."},{"issue":"3","key":"4263_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2011.01.002","volume":"47","author":"F Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin F, Opacity of discrete event systems and its applications, Automatica, 2011, 47(3): 496\u2013503.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"4","key":"4263_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2019.2917136","volume":"16","author":"B Behinaein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behinaein B, Lin F, and Rudie K, Optimal information release for mixed opacity in discrete-event systems, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2019, 16(4): 1960\u20131970.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering"},{"key":"4263_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.07.017","volume":"543","author":"J K Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J K, Deng W L, Qiu D W, et al., Opacity of networked discrete event systems, Information Sciences, 2021, 543: 328\u2013344.","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"4263_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2022.3210148","volume":"68","author":"S Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang S and Yin X, Secure your intention: On notions of pre-opacity in discrete-event systems, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2023, 68(8): 4754\u20134766.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"4263_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2022.110238","volume":"140","author":"J Y Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou J Y, Yin X, and Li S Y, A framework for current-state opacity under dynamic information release mechanism, Automatica, 2022, 140: 110238.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"4263_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2016.04.015","volume":"41","author":"R Jacob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacob R, Lesage J J, and Faure J M, Overview of discrete event systems opacity: Models, validation, and quantification, Annual Reviews in Control, 2016, 41: 135\u2013146.","journal-title":"Annual Reviews in Control"},{"key":"4263_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48731","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2977992","volume":"8","author":"Y Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Y, Jiang X N, Guo C, et al., Overview of opacity in discrete event systems, IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 48731\u201348741.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4263_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2022.110756","volume":"148","author":"X G Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han X G, Zhang K Z, Zhang J H, et al., Strong current-state and initial-state opacity of discrete-event systems, Automatica, 2023, 148: 110756.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"3","key":"4263_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10626-012-0145-z","volume":"23","author":"Y C Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu Y C and Lafortune S, Comparative analysis of related notions of opacity in centralized and coordinated architectures, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 2013, 23(3): 307\u2013339.","journal-title":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems"},{"issue":"5","key":"4263_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2014.02.038","volume":"50","author":"Y C Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu Y C and Lafortune S, Synthesis of insertion functions for enforcement of opacity security properties, Automatica, 2014, 50(5): 1336\u20131348.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"4263_CR17","first-page":"3026","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Control Conference","author":"B Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu B, Dai J, and Lin H, Synthesis of insertion functions to enforce decentralized and joint opacity properties of discrete-event systems, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2018, 3026\u20133031."},{"issue":"8","key":"4263_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2019.2946165","volume":"65","author":"S Mohajerani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohajerani S, Ji Y D, and Lafortune S, Compositional and abstraction-based approach for synthesis of edit functions for opacity enforcement, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2020, 65(8): 3349\u20133364.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"4263_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10626-017-0264-7","volume":"28","author":"Y Tong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tong Y, Li Z W, Seatzu C, et al., Current-state opacity enforcement in discrete event systems under incomparable observations, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 2018, 28: 161\u2013182.","journal-title":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems"},{"key":"4263_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-77452-7","volume-title":"Supervisory Control of Discrete-Event Systems","author":"W M Wonham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wonham W M and Cai K, Supervisory Control of Discrete-Event Systems, Springer, New York, 2019."},{"key":"4263_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2021.109836","volume":"133","author":"R J Barcelos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barcelos R J and Basilio J C, Enforcing current-state opacity through shuffle and deletions of event observations, Automatica, 2021, 133: 109836.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"4","key":"4263_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s10626-022-00365-5","volume":"32","author":"R H Moulton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moulton R H, Hamgini B B, Khouzani Z A, et al., Using subobservers to synthesize opacity-enforcing supervisors, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 2022, 32(4): 611\u2013640.","journal-title":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"4263_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2023.10.962","volume":"56","author":"R J Barcelos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barcelos R J and Basilio J C, Ensuring utility while enforcing current-state opacity, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2023, 56(2): 4595\u20134600.","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"4263_CR24","first-page":"4224","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","author":"R Meira-G\u00f3es","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meira-G\u00f3es R, Kang E, Kwong R, et al., Stealthy deception attacks for cyber-physical systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2017, 4224\u20134230."},{"key":"4263_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2018.07.017","volume":"97","author":"L K Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho L K, Wu Y C, Kwong R, et al., Detection and mitigation of classes of attacks in supervisory control systems, Automatica, 2018, 97: 121\u2013133.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"4263_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2020.109172","volume":"121","author":"R Meira-G\u00f3es","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meira-G\u00f3es R, Kang E, Kwong R H, et al., Synthesis of sensor deception attacks at the supervisory layer of cyber-physical systems, Automatica, 2020, 121: 109172.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"10","key":"4263_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4990","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2021.3051459","volume":"66","author":"R Meira-G\u00f3es","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meira-G\u00f3es R, Lafortune S, and Marchand H, Synthesis of supervisors robust against sensor deception attacks, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2021, 66(10): 4990\u20134997.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"4263_CR28","first-page":"5614","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Control Conference","author":"L Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin L Y, Thuijsman S, Zhu Y T, et al., Synthesis of supremal successful normal actuator attackers on normal supervisors, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2019, 5614\u20135619."},{"key":"4263_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10626-020-00312-2","volume":"30","author":"L Y Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin L Y, Zhu Y T, and Su R, Synthesis of covert actuator attackers for free, Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 2020, 30: 561\u2013577.","journal-title":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems"},{"key":"4263_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1109\/LCSYS.2022.3168926","volume":"6","author":"Z Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Z Y and Cai K, On resilient supervisory control against indefinite actuator attacks in discrete-event systems, IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2022, 6: 2942\u20132947.","journal-title":"IEEE Control Systems Letters"},{"key":"4263_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2022.110736","volume":"147","author":"R Meira-Goes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meira-Goes R, Marchand H, and Lafortune S, Dealing with sensor and actuator deception attacks in supervisory control, Automatica, 2023, 147: 110736.","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"issue":"2","key":"4263_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2023.10.1517","volume":"56","author":"Z Y Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma Z Y and Cai K, Optimal secret protection in discrete event systems with dynamic clearance levels, IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2023, 56(2): 3579\u20133584.","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"4263_CR33","first-page":"2832","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","author":"R T Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu R T, Duan W, Mangini A M, et al., K-protection of global secret in discrete event systems using supervisor control, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 2023, 2832\u20132837."},{"issue":"7","key":"4263_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4380","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2023.3323531","volume":"69","author":"Z Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Z Y, Jiang J G, and Cai K, Secret protections with costs and disruptiveness in discrete-event systems using centralities, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2024, 69(7): 4380\u20134395.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"4263_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6028\/nist.cswp.29","volume-title":"The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0","author":"C E Pascoe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pascoe C E, The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0, 2024 (Accessed Feb. 26, 2024), DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/nist.cswp.29."},{"key":"4263_CR36","volume-title":"Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation","author":"J E Hopcroft","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hopcroft J E, Motwani R, and Ullman J D, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 2001."},{"key":"4263_CR37","first-page":"3202","volume-title":"Proceedings of the American Control Conference","author":"S Matsui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Matsui S, Cai K, and Rudie K, Distributed secret securing in discrete-event systems, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2024, 3202\u20133207."}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems Science and Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T15:53:46Z","timestamp":1742399626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11424-025-4263-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1009-6124","1559-7067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1009-6124","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-7067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}