{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T08:12:56Z","timestamp":1773130376191,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487548800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,4]],"date-time":"2017-03-04T00:08:01Z","timestamp":1488586081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ultra-compact tunable graphene-based plasmonic multimode interference power splitter in mid infrared frequencies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Pingping","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaoqing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.36.000178","volume":"36","author":"R Halir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Halir R, Roelkens G, Ortega-Monux A, et al. High-performance 90 degrees hybrid based on a silicon-on-insulator multimode interference coupler. Opt Lett, 2011, 36: 178\u2013180","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"539_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.photonics.2013.04.003","volume":"11","author":"C D Truong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Truong C D, Tran D H, Le T T. Design of an insensitive-polarization all-optical switch based on multimode interference structures. Photonic Nanostruct-Fund Appl, 2013, 11: 210\u2013216","journal-title":"Photonic Nanostruct-Fund Appl"},{"key":"539_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2012.2230320","volume":"4","author":"Z Sheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheng Z, Wang Z, Qiu C, et al. A compact and low-loss MMI coupler fabricated with CMOS technology. IEEE Photonic J, 2012, 4: 2272\u20132277","journal-title":"IEEE Photonic J"},{"key":"539_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2010.2043412","volume":"28","author":"M A Swillam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Swillam M A, Bakr M H, Li X. Efficient design of integrated wideband polarization splitter\/combiner. J Lightw Tech, 2010, 28: 1176\u20131183","journal-title":"J Lightw Tech"},{"key":"539_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61108","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4817860","volume":"103","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Garcia-Ortiz C E, Han Z, et al. Compact and broadband directional coupling and demultiplexing in dielectricloaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides based on the multimode interference effect. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 103: 61108","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"539_CR6","first-page":"1226","volume":"16","author":"V Prajzler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prajzler V, Nekvindova P, Varga M, et al. Design of 1X2 wavelength demultiplexer based on multimode interference. J Optoelectron Adv M, 2014, 16: 1226\u20131231","journal-title":"J Optoelectron Adv M"},{"key":"539_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.005781","volume":"22","author":"Y M Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y M, Li C, Li C B, et al. Compact two-mode (de)multiplexer based on symmetric Y-junction and multimode interference waveguides. Opt Express, 2014, 22: 5781","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"539_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.09.009","volume":"126","author":"M Tajaldini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tajaldini M, Jafri M Z M. An optimum multimode interference coupler as an all-optical switch based on nonlinear modal propagation analysis. Optik-Int J Light Electron Optics, 2015, 126: 436\u2013441","journal-title":"Optik-Int J Light Electron Optics"},{"key":"539_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2302032","volume":"32","author":"M Tajaldini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tajaldini M, Jafri MZ M. Simulation of an ultra-compact multimode interference power splitter based on Kerr nonlinear effect. J Lightw Tech, 2014, 32: 1282\u20131289","journal-title":"J Lightw Tech"},{"key":"539_CR10","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Fiber optic refractometer based in multimode interference effects (MMI) using Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coating","author":"A Rodriguez-Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Rodriguez A, Dominguez-Cruz R, May-Arrioja D A, et al. Fiber optic refractometer based in multimode interference effects (MMI) using Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coating. In: Proceedings of IEEE Sensors, Busan, 2015. 1\u20133"},{"key":"539_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optcom.2015.01.057","volume":"345","author":"P E Morrissey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morrissey P E, Peters F H. Multimode interference couplers as compact and robust static optical phase shifters. Opt Commun, 2015, 345: 1\u20135","journal-title":"Opt Commun"},{"key":"539_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5590","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.39.005590","volume":"39","author":"Q Z Deng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deng Q Z, Liu L, Li X B, et al. Arbitrary-ratio 1 X 2 power splitter based on asymmetric multimode interference. Opt Lett, 2014, 39: 5590\u20135593","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"539_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.3.000015","volume":"3","author":"C Gord\u00f3n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gord\u00f3n C, Guzman R, Leijtens X, et al. On-chip mode-locked laser diode structure using multimode interference reflectors. Photonic Res, 2015, 3: 15\u201318","journal-title":"Photonic Res"},{"key":"539_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82303","DOI":"10.3788\/COL201109.082303","volume":"9","author":"J T Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou J T, Shen H J, Jia R, et al. Uneven splitting-ratio 1X2 multimode interference splitters based on silicon wire waveguides. Chinese Opt Lett, 2011, 9: 82303","journal-title":"Chinese Opt Lett"},{"key":"539_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6898","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.34.006898","volume":"34","author":"M Bachmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bachmann M, Besse P A, Melchior H. Overlapping-image multimode interference couplers with a reduced number of self-images for uniform and nonuniform power splitting. Appl Opt, 1995, 34: 6898\u20136910","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"539_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.000227","volume":"41","author":"A Zanzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zanzi A, Brimont A, Griol A, et al. Compact and low-loss asymmetrical multimode interference splitter for power monitoring applications. Opt Lett, 2016, 41: 227\u2013229","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"539_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27562","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.027562","volume":"20","author":"H X Yi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yi H X, Long Q F, Tan W, et al. Demonstration of low power penalty of silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator in long-haul transmission. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 27562\u201327568","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"539_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2003.815354","volume":"15","author":"S Matsuo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matsuo S, Yoshikuni T, Segawa T, et al. A widely tunable optical filter using ladder-type structure. IEEE Photonic Tech Lett, 2003, 15: 1114\u20131116","journal-title":"IEEE Photonic Tech Lett"},{"key":"539_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2012.262","volume":"6","author":"A N Grigorenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grigorenko A N, Polini M, Novoselov K S. Graphene plasmonics. Nature Photonic, 2012, 6: 749\u2013758","journal-title":"Nature Photonic"},{"key":"539_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102896","volume":"306","author":"K S Novoselov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306: 666\u2013669","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"539_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-015-9953-y","volume":"10","author":"X Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo X, Zhai X, Wang L L, et al. Narrow-band plasmonic filter based on graphene waveguide with asymmetrical structure. Plasmonics, 2015, 10: 1427\u20131431","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"539_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-015-0069-1","volume":"11","author":"X J Shang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shang X J, Zhai X, Li X F, et al. Realization of graphene-based tunable plasmon-induced transparency by the dipole-dipole coupling. Plasmonics, 2016, 11: 419\u2013423","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"539_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202691","volume":"332","author":"A Vakil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vakil A, Engheta N. Transformation optics using graphene. Science, 2011, 332: 1291\u20131294","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"539_CR24","volume-title":"Proceedings of Asia Communications and Photonics Conference","author":"R Q Zheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zheng R Q, Gao D S, Dong J J. Ultra-compact and broadband tunable mid-infrared multimode interference splitter based on graphene plasmonic waveguide. In: Proceedings of Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, Hong Kong, 2015"},{"key":"539_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1109\/50.372474","volume":"13","author":"L B Soldano","year":"1995","unstructured":"Soldano L B, Pennings E. Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: principles and applications. Lightw Tech, 1995, 13: 615\u2013627","journal-title":"Lightw Tech"},{"key":"539_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131111","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3698133","volume":"100","author":"B Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhang X, Yuan X C, et al. Optical coupling of surface plasmons between graphene sheets. Appl Phys Lett, 2012, 100: 131111","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"539_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"042413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-016-5529-5","volume":"59","author":"Y X Huang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huang Y X, Qiu W B, Lin S X, et al. Investigation of plasmonic whispering gallery modes of graphene equilateral triangle nanocavities. Sci China Inf Sci, 2016, 59: 042413","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"539_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64302","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2891452","volume":"103","author":"G W Hanson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hanson G W. Dyadic Green\u2019s functions and guided surface waves for a surface conductivity model of graphene. J Appl Phys, 2008, 103: 64302","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"539_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041109","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4863926","volume":"104","author":"W B Qiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiu W B, Liu X H, Zhao J, et al. Nanofocusing of mid-infrared electromagnetic waves on graphene monolayer. Appl Phys Lett, 2014, 104: 041109","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"539_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256805","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.256805","volume":"105","author":"D K Efetov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Efetov D K, Kim P. Controlling electron-phonon interactions in graphene at ultrahigh carrier densities. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 105: 256805","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"539_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11195","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11195","volume":"5","author":"T Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang T, Chen L, Wang B, et al. Tunable broadband plasmonic field enhancement on a graphene surface using a normal-incidence plane wave at mid-infrared frequencies. Sci Rep-UK, 2015, 5: 11195","journal-title":"Sci Rep-UK"},{"key":"539_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26796","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26796","volume":"6","author":"B Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi B, Cai W, Zhang X Z, et al. Tunable band-stop filters for graphene plasmons based on periodically modulated graphene. Sci Rep-UK, 2016, 6: 26796","journal-title":"Sci Rep-UK"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,25]],"date-time":"2017-06-25T07:53:14Z","timestamp":1498377194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-016-0539-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]]},"article-number":"082402"}}