{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T21:31:58Z","timestamp":1772659918456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T19:02:50Z","timestamp":1623956570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Uplink transmission design for crowded correlated cell-free massive MIMO-OFDM systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Junyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongpeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736761","volume":"52","author":"E G Larsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larsson E G, Edfors O, Tufvesson F, et al. Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems. IEEE Commun Mag, 2014, 52: 186\u2013195","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"3103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2014.2317671","volume":"8","author":"L Lu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lu L, Li G Y, Swindlehurst A L, et al. An overview of massive MIMO: benefits and challenges. IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process, 2014, 8: 742\u2013758","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Signal Process"},{"key":"3103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2655515","volume":"16","author":"H Q Ngo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngo H Q, Ashikhmin A, Yang H, et al. Cell-free massive MIMO versus small cells. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2017, 16: 1834\u20131850","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000826","volume":"38","author":"J Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J Y, Bjornson E, Matthaiou M, et al. Prospective multiple antenna technologies for beyond 5G. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 1637\u20131660","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99878","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2930208","volume":"7","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Chen S, Lin Y, et al. Cell-free massive MIMO: a new next-generation paradigm. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 99878\u201399888","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1985.1096357","volume":"33","author":"L J Cimini","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cimini L J. Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. IEEE Trans Commun, 1985, 33: 665\u2013675","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2935793","volume":"14","author":"J Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao J, Ni S, Yang L, et al. Multiband cooperation for 5G HetNets: a promising network paradigm. IEEE Veh Technol Mag, 2019, 14: 85\u201393","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Technol Mag"},{"key":"3103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7565189","volume":"54","author":"C Bockelmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bockelmann C, Pratas N, Nikopour H, et al. Massive machine-type communications in 5G: physical and MAC-layer solutions. IEEE Commun Mag, 2016, 54: 59\u201365","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"3103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600477CM","volume":"55","author":"E de Carvalho","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Carvalho E, Bjornson E, Sorensen J H, et al. Random access protocols for massive MIMO. IEEE Commun Mag, 2017, 55: 216\u2013222","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"3103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900494","volume":"27","author":"Y P Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Y P, Gao X Q, Zhou S D, et al. Massive access for future wireless communication systems. IEEE Wireless Commun, 2020, 27: 148\u2013156","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7703","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2748106","volume":"16","author":"E de Carvalho","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Carvalho E, Bjornson E, Sorensen J H, et al. Random pilot and data access in massive MIMO for machine-type communications. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2017, 16: 7703\u20137717","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5205","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2846272","volume":"66","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Z, Bjornson E. Channel hardening and favorable propagation in cell-free massive MIMO with stochastic geometry. IEEE Trans Commun, 2018, 66: 5205\u20135219","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2698449","volume":"16","author":"E Nayebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nayebi E, Ashikhmin A, Marzetta T L, et al. Precoding and power optimization in cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2017, 16: 4445\u20134459","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang H, Marzetta T L. Energy efficiency of massive MIMO: cell-free vs. cellular. In: Proceedings of IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2018. 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417645"},{"key":"3103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2941478","volume":"19","author":"E Bjornson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bjornson E, Sanguinetti L. Making cell-free massive MIMO competitive with MMSE processing and centralized implementation. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2020, 19: 77\u201390","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2017.2770215","volume":"2","author":"H Q Ngo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ngo H Q, Tran L N, Duong T Q, et al. On the total energy efficiency of cell-free massive MIMO. IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw, 2018, 2: 25\u201339","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw"},{"key":"3103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-019-1507-0","volume":"1","author":"G Interdonato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Interdonato G, Bjornson E, Ngo H Q, et al. Ubiquitous cell-free massive MIMO communications. J Wireless Com Network, 2019, 1: 197","journal-title":"J Wireless Com Network"},{"key":"3103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attarifar M, Abbasfar A, Lozano A. Random vs structured pilot assignment in cell-free massive MIMO wireless networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workships, Kansas City, 2018. 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2018.8403508"},{"key":"3103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2956217","volume":"69","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang X, et al. Tabu-search-based pilot assignment for cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2020, 69: 2286\u20132290","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"3103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9180","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3000496","volume":"69","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, Zhang J, Jin S, et al. Graph coloring based pilot assignment for cell-free massive MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2020, 69: 9180\u20139184","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"3103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2003.817446","volume":"49","author":"K Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu K, Raghavan V, Sayeed A M. Capacity scaling and spectral efficiency in wide-band correlated mimo channels. IEEE Trans Inform Theor, 2003, 49: 2504\u20132526","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theor"},{"key":"3103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1109\/18.868476","volume":"46","author":"B H Fleury","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fleury B H. First- and second-order characterization of direction dispersion and space selectivity in the radio channel. IEEE Trans Inform Theor, 2000, 46: 2027\u20132044","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theor"},{"key":"3103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2015.2502550","volume":"64","author":"L You","year":"2016","unstructured":"You L, Gao X, Swindlehurst A L, et al. Channel acquisition for massive MIMO-OFDM with adjustable phase shift pilots. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2016, 64: 1461\u20131476","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"3103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2013.2269476","volume":"59","author":"A Adhikary","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adhikary A, Nam J, Ahn J-Y, et al. Joint spatial division and multiplexing-the large-scale array regime. IEEE Trans Inform Theor, 2013, 59: 6441\u20136463","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theor"},{"key":"3103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1109\/25.832975","volume":"49","author":"K I Pedersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pedersen K I, Mogensen P E, Fleury B H. A stochastic model of the temporal and azimuthal dispersion seen at the base station in outdoor propagation environments. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2000, 49: 437\u2013447","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"3103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511807213","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Wireless Communication","author":"D Tse","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tse D, Viswanath P. Fundamentals of Wireless Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005"},{"key":"3103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2404839","volume":"14","author":"L You","year":"2015","unstructured":"You L, Gao X Q, Xia X G, et al. Pilot reuse for massive MIMO transmission over spatially correlated rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2015, 14: 3352\u20133366","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2365813","volume":"14","author":"C K Wen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wen C K, Jin S, Wong K K, et al. Channel estimation for massive MIMO using Gaussian-mixture Bayesian learning. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2015, 14: 1356\u20131368","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/7693.975446","volume":"1","author":"Y G Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li Y G. Simplified channel estimation for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2002, 1: 67\u201375","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6086","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2165706","volume":"59","author":"E Bjornson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bjornson E, Jalden N, Bengtsson M, et al. Optimality properties, distributed strategies, and measurement-based evaluation of coordinated multicell OFDMA transmission. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2011, 59: 6086\u20136101","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"3103_CR31","first-page":"100","volume":"28","author":"J A Hartigan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hartigan J A, Wong M A. Algorithm AS 136: a k-means clustering algorithm. J R Stat Soc C-Appl, 1979, 28: 100\u2013108","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc C-Appl"},{"key":"3103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316799895","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Massive MIMO","author":"T L Marzetta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marzetta T L, Larsson E G, Yang H, et al. Fundamentals of Massive MIMO. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016"},{"key":"3103_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1561\/2000000093","volume":"11","author":"E Bjornson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bjornson E, Hoydis J, Sanguinetti L. Massive MIMO networks: spectral, energy, and hardware efficiency. FNT Signal Process, 2017, 11: 154\u2013655","journal-title":"FNT Signal Process"},{"key":"3103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.22.8.868","volume":"22","author":"S Schaible","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schaible S. Fractional programming. II, on Dinkelbach\u2019s algorithm. Manage Sci, 1976, 22: 868\u2013873","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"3103_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02579150","volume":"4","author":"N K Karmarkar","year":"1984","unstructured":"Karmarkar N K. A new polynomial-time algorithm for linear programming. Combinatorica, 1984, 4: 373\u2013395","journal-title":"Combinatorica"},{"key":"3103_CR36","unstructured":"Tang A, Sun J, Gong K. Mobile propagation loss with a low base station antenna for NLOS street microcells in urban area. In: Proceedings of IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T20:39:32Z","timestamp":1663619972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-020-3103-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"182309"}}