{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:36:45Z","timestamp":1779356205602,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T15:04:10Z","timestamp":1677078250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Joint information transmission design for intelligent reflecting surface aided system with discrete phase shifts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuowen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caijun","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yushu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-021-3281-7","volume":"64","author":"G H Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu G H, Chen X M, Shao X D, et al. Low-cost intelligent reflecting surface aided Terahertz multiuser massive MIMO: design and analysis. Sci China Inf Sci, 2021, 64: 200302","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"3494_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-3261-5","volume":"64","author":"Y C Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang Y C, Chen J, Long R Z, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for smart wireless environments: channel estimation, system design and applications in 6G networks. Sci China Inf Sci, 2021, 64: 200301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"3494_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2020.3034370","volume":"10","author":"W D Mei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mei W D, Zhang R. Cooperative beam routing for multi-IRS aided communication. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2021, 10: 426\u2013430","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun Lett"},{"key":"3494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6296","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3087620","volume":"69","author":"W D Mei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mei W D, Zhang R. Performance analysis and user association optimization for wireless network aided by multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces. IEEE Trans Commun, 2021, 69: 6296\u20136312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3104613","volume":"10","author":"W D Mei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mei W D, Zhang R. Distributed beam training for intelligent reflecting surface enabled multi-hop routing. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2021, 10: 2489\u20132493","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun Lett"},{"key":"3494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3051897","volume":"69","author":"Q Q Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu Q Q, Zhang S W, Zheng B X, et al. Intelligent reflecting surface-aided wireless communications: a tutorial. IEEE Trans Commun, 2021, 69: 3313\u20133351","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3077737","volume":"23","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liu X, Mu X, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: principles and opportunities. IEEE Commun Surv Tut, 2021, 23: 1546\u20131577","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tut"},{"key":"3494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5394","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2936025","volume":"18","author":"Q Q Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Q Q, Zhang R. Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced wireless network via joint active and passive beamforming. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2019, 18: 5394\u20135409","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000814","volume":"38","author":"S W Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang S W, Zhang R. Capacity characterization for intelligent reflecting surface aided MIMO communication. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 1823\u20131838","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2021.3088679","volume":"39","author":"X D Mu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu X D, Liu Y W, Guo L, et al. Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced multi-UAV NOMA networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2021, 39: 3051\u20133066","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7261","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3087582","volume":"70","author":"J K Zuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zuo J K, Liu Y W, Yang L, et al. Reconfigurable intelligent surface enhanced NOMA assisted backscatter communication system. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2021, 70: 7261\u20137266","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"3494_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116753","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935192","volume":"7","author":"E Basar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basar E, di Renzo M, de Rosny J, et al. Wireless communications through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 116753","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3494_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5121","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3073161","volume":"70","author":"J Yuan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yuan J, Wen M, Li Q, et al. Receive quadrature reflecting modulation for RIS-empowered wireless communications. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2021, 70: 5121\u20135125","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"3494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007055","volume":"38","author":"W Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang W, Dai J Y, Chen M Z, et al. MIMO transmission through reconfigurable intelligent surface: system design, analysis, and implementation. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 2683\u20132699","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2971486","volume":"68","author":"E Basar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basar E. Reconfigurable intelligent surface-based index modulation: a new beyond MIMO paradigm for 6G. IEEE Trans Commun, 2020, 68: 3187\u20133196","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3013943","volume":"24","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma Y, Liu R, Li M, et al. Passive information transmission in intelligent reflecting surface aided MISO systems. IEEE Commun Lett, 2020, 24: 2951\u20132955","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"3494_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3007060","volume":"38","author":"S S Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo S S, Lv S H, Zhang H X, et al. Reflecting modulation. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 2548\u20132561","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2961670","volume":"9","author":"W J Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan W J, Yuan X J, Kuai X Y. Passive beamforming and information transfer via large intelligent surface. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2020, 9: 533\u2013537","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun Lett"},{"key":"3494_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000811","volume":"38","author":"W J Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan W J, Yuan X J, He Z Q, et al. Passive beamforming and information transfer design for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces aided multiuser MIMO systems. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 1793\u20131808","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2958916","volume":"68","author":"Q Q Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Q Q, Zhang R. Beamforming optimization for wireless network aided by intelligent reflecting surface with discrete phase shifts. IEEE Trans Commun, 2020, 68: 1838\u20131851","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR21","volume-title":"Digital Communications","author":"J G Proakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proakis J G, Salehi M. Digital Communications. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008"},{"key":"3494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6871","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2592899","volume":"15","author":"S W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang S W, Zhang R, Lim T J. Constant envelope precoding with adaptive receiver constellation in MISO fading channel. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2016, 15: 6871\u20136882","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"3494_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4522","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2981458","volume":"68","author":"Y Y Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Y Y, Zheng B X, Zhang S, et al. Intelligent reflecting surface meets OFDM: protocol design and rate maximization. IEEE Trans Commun, 2020, 68: 4522\u20134535","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T20:32:56Z","timestamp":1713472376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-021-3494-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"132303"}}