{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:05:21Z","timestamp":1774577121199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T06:02:06Z","timestamp":1702274526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Experimental and numerical demonstration of hierarchical time-delay reservoir computing based on cascaded VCSELs with feedback and multiple injections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuiying","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biling","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3618_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254642","volume":"345","author":"P A Merolla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Merolla P A, Arthur J V, Alvarez-Icaza R, et al. A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface. Science, 2004, 345: 668\u2013673","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3618_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.10.050","volume":"92","author":"M Poo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poo M, Du J, Ip N Y, et al. China brain project: basic neuroscience, brain diseases, and brain-inspired computing. Neuron, 2016, 92: 591\u2013596","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3618_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120004","DOI":"10.3788\/LOP53.120004","volume":"53","author":"R Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang R, Ren Q S, Zhao J Y. Research progress on photonic neuromorphic computing. Laser Optoelectron Prog, 2016, 53: 120004","journal-title":"Laser Optoelectron Prog"},{"key":"3618_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2007.04.003","volume":"20","author":"D Verstraeten","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verstraeten D, Schrauwen B, D\u2019Haene M, et al. An experimental unification of reservoir computing methods. Neural Netw, 2007, 20: 391\u2013403","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"3618_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2015.08.002","volume":"150","author":"X Hinaut","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hinaut X, Lance F, Droin C, et al. Corticostriatal response selection in sentence production: insights from neural network simulation with reservoir computing. Brain Language, 2015, 150: 54\u201368","journal-title":"Brain Language"},{"key":"3618_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabh0693","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh0693","volume":"7","author":"M Cucchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cucchi M, Gruener C, Petrauskas L, et al. Reservoir computing with biocompatible organic electrochemical networks for brain-inspired biosignal classification. Sci Adv, 2021, 7: eabh0693","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"3618_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091277","volume":"304","author":"H Jaeger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jaeger H, Haas H. Harnessing nonlinearity: predicting chaotic systems and saving energy in wireless communication. Science, 2004, 304: 78\u201380","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3618_CR8","series-title":"Computability in Context: Computation and Logic in the Real World","volume-title":"Liquid state machines: motivation, theory, and applications","author":"W Maass","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maass W. Liquid state machines: motivation, theory, and applications. In: Computability in Context: Computation and Logic in the Real World. Singapore: World Scientific, 2011"},{"key":"3618_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6321","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3076777","volume":"33","author":"C Cuchiero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cuchiero C, Gonon L, Grigoryeva L, et al. Discrete-time signatures and randomness in reservoir computing. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst, 2022, 33: 6321\u20136330","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"3618_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20692-1","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Tang J, Li X, et al. Dynamic memristor-based reservoir computing for high-efficiency temporal signal processing. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 408","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3618_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1476","volume":"2","author":"L Appeltant","year":"2011","unstructured":"Appeltant L, Soriano M C, van der Sande G, et al. Information processing using a single dynamical node as complex system. Nat Commun, 2011, 2: 468\u2013473","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3618_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.003241","volume":"20","author":"L Larger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larger L, Soriano M C, Brunner D, et al. Photonic information processing beyond Turing: an optoelectronic implementation of reservoir computing. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 3241\u20133249","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"3618_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2862-7","volume":"63","author":"X X Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo X X, Xiang S Y, Zhang Y H, et al. Enhanced memory capacity of a neuromorphic reservoir computing system based on a VCSEL with double optical feedbacks. Sci China Inform Sci, 2020, 63: 160407","journal-title":"Sci China Inform Sci"},{"key":"3618_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2019.2929179","volume":"26","author":"C Sugano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sugano C, Kanno K, Uchida A. Reservoir computing using multiple lasers with feedback on a photonic integrated circuit. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2020, 26: 1\u20139","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron"},{"key":"3618_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10211","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.010211","volume":"26","author":"Y S Hou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hou Y S, Xia G Q, Yang W Y, et al. Prediction performance of reservoir computing system based on a semiconductor laser subject to double optical feedback and optical injection. Opt Express, 2018, 26: 10211\u201310219","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"3618_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhou P, Yang Y, et al. Time-delayed reservoir computing based on a two-element phased laser array for image identification. IEEE Photon J, 2021, 13: 1\u20139","journal-title":"IEEE Photon J"},{"key":"3618_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4502","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2006.886064","volume":"24","author":"F Koyama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koyama F. Recent advances of VCSEL photonics. J Lightwave Technol, 2006, 24: 4502\u20134513","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"key":"3618_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.383942","volume":"45","author":"S Xiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiang S, Ren Z, Zhang Y, et al. All-optical neuromorphic XOR operation with inhibitory dynamics of a single photonic spiking neuron based on a VCSEL-SA. Opt Lett, 2020, 45: 1104\u20131107","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013840","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.96.013840","volume":"96","author":"N Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li N, Susanto H, Cemlyn B R, et al. Stability and bifurcation analysis of spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Phys Rev A, 2017, 96: 013840","journal-title":"Phys Rev A"},{"key":"3618_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2019.2911565","volume":"25","author":"S Xiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiang S, Zhang Y, Gong J, et al. STDP-based unsupervised spike pattern learning in a photonic spiking neural network with VCSELs and VCSOAs. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2019, 25: 1\u20139","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron"},{"key":"3618_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2015.2392051","volume":"33","author":"W A Ling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ling W A, Lyubomirsky I, Rodes R, et al. Single-channel 50G and 100G discrete multitone transmission with 25G VCSEL technology. J Lightwave Technol, 2015, 33: 761\u2013767","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"key":"3618_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4497","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.43.004497","volume":"43","author":"J Vatin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vatin J, Rontani D, Sciamanna M. Enhanced performance of a reservoir computer using polarization dynamics in VCSELs. Opt Lett, 2018, 43: 4497\u20134500","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18579","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.018579","volume":"27","author":"J Vatin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vatin J, Rontani D, Sciamanna M. Experimental reservoir computing using VCSEL polarization dynamics. Opt Express, 2019, 27: 18579\u201318584","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"3618_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"X X Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo X X, Xiang S Y, Zhang Y H, et al. Polarization multiplexing reservoir computing based on a VCSEL with polarized optical feedback. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2020, 26: 1\u20139","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron"},{"key":"3618_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23293","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.27.023293","volume":"27","author":"X X Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo X X, Xiang S Y, Zhang Y H, et al. Four-channels reservoir computing based on polarization dynamics in mutually coupled VCSELs system. Opt Express, 2019, 27: 23293\u201323306","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"3618_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151990","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3017636","volume":"8","author":"J Y Tao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao J Y, Wu Z M, Yue D Z, et al. Performance enhancement of a delay-based reservoir computing system by using gradient boosting technology. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 151990","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3618_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.000375","volume":"42","author":"R M Nguimdo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguimdo R M, Lacot E, Jacquin O, et al. Prediction performance of reservoir computing systems based on a diode-pumped erbium-doped microchip laser subject to optical feedback. Opt Lett, 2017, 42: 375\u2013378","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.000049","volume":"44","author":"R M Nguimdo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguimdo R M, Erneux T. Enhanced performances of a photonic reservoir computer based on a single delayed quantum cascade laser. Opt Lett, 2019, 44: 49\u201352","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2012.2195305","volume":"24","author":"N Jiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jiang N, Pan W, Luo B, et al. Bidirectional dual-channel communication based on polarization-division-multiplexed chaos synchronization in mutually coupled VCSELs. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2012, 24: 1094\u20131096","journal-title":"IEEE Photon Technol Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"T Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng T, Robertson J, Hurtado A. Controlled propagation of spiking dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: towards neuromorphic photonic networks. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron, 2017, 23: 1\u20138","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron"},{"key":"3618_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67951","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2878940","volume":"6","author":"T Deng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deng T, Robertson J, Wu Z M, et al. Stable propagation of inhibited spiking dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for neuromorphic photonic networks. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 67951\u201367958","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"3618_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.001536","volume":"44","author":"N Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang N, Zhao A, Xue C, et al. Physical secure optical communication based on private chaotic spectral phase encryption\/decryption. Opt Lett, 2019, 44: 1536\u20131539","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"3618_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6728","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.006728","volume":"56","author":"H Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang H, Xiang S, Zhang Y, et al. Complexity-enhanced polarization-resolved chaos in a ring network of mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with multiple delays. Appl Opt, 2017, 56: 6728\u20136734","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"3618_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2404346","volume":"26","author":"R M Nguimdo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguimdo R M, Verschaffelt G, Danckaert J, et al. Simultaneous computation of two independent tasks using reservoir computing based on a single photonic nonlinear node with optical feedback. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst, 2015, 26: 3301\u20133307","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"3618_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2070(94)90058-2","volume":"10","author":"A S Weigend","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weigend A S, Gershenfeld N A. Time series prediction: forecasting the future and understanding the past. Intern J Forecast, 1994, 10: 161\u2013163","journal-title":"Intern J Forecast"},{"key":"3618_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2019.03.005","volume":"115","author":"G Tanaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanaka G, Yamane T, Heroux J B, et al. Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: a review. Neural Netw, 2019, 115: 100\u2013123","journal-title":"Neural Netw"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T02:27:36Z","timestamp":1742696856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-022-3618-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"122403"}}