{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T17:13:03Z","timestamp":1780765983695,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:28:14Z","timestamp":1768292894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliable contactless microwave cardiogram detection with interferometric biomedical radar"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfa","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4524_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2402199","volume":"20","author":"S Gutta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gutta S, Cheng Q. Joint feature extraction and classifier design for ECG-based biometric recognition. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2016, 20: 460\u2013468","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"4524_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2359937","volume":"19","author":"A D Wiens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiens A D, Etemadi M, Roy S, et al. Toward continuous, noninvasive assessment of ventricular function and hemodynamics: wearable ballistocardiography. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2015, 19: 1435\u20131442","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"4524_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2361732","volume":"19","author":"O T Inan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Inan O T, Migeotte P F, Park K S, et al. Ballistocardiography and seismocardiography: a review of recent advances. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2015, 19: 1414\u20131427","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"4524_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2019.2895775","volume":"23","author":"M M H Shandhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shandhi M M H, Semiz B, Hersek S, et al. Performance analysis of gyroscope and accelerometer sensors for seismocardiography-based wearable pre-ejection period estimation. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2019, 23: 2365\u20132374","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"4524_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4110-4","volume":"67","author":"Y Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang Y X, Zhou X, et al. Interference mitigation and target detection for automotive FMCW radar with range-Doppler sparse regularization. Sci China Inf Sci, 2024, 67: 199303","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4524_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2948844","volume":"68","author":"S Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong S, Zhang Y, Ma C, et al. Doppler cardiogram: a remote detection of human heart activities. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2020, 68: 1132\u20131141","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2022.3184019","volume":"71","author":"S Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong S, Li Y, Lu J, et al. Accurate detection of Doppler cardiograms with a parameterized respiratory filter technique using a K-band radar sensor. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2023, 71: 71\u201382","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2009.2025986","volume":"59","author":"C Z Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li C Z, Ling J, Li J, et al. Accurate Doppler radar noncontact vital sign detection using the RELAX algorithm. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2010, 59: 687\u2013695","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"4524_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2277530","volume":"63","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang X, Chen L, et al. Noncontact distance and amplitude-independent vibration measurement based on an extended DACM algorithm. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2014, 63: 145\u2013153","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"4524_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2016.2610427","volume":"64","author":"T Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan T, Ma C, Gu Z, et al. Wireless hand gesture recognition based on continuous-wave Doppler radar sensors. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2016, 64: 4012\u20134020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2021.3103576","volume":"69","author":"W Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu W, Li Y, Gu C, et al. Large displacement motion interferometry with modified differentiate and cross-multiply technique. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2021, 69: 4879\u20134890","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3214721","volume":"23","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Zhang D, Wu Z, et al. Contactless electrocardiogram monitoring with millimeter wave radar. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput, 2024, 23: 270\u2013285","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"key":"4524_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"74","author":"Z Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Z, Yang H, Hu A, et al. An adaptive template matching method for noncontact cardiac inter-beat interval detection using a 120 GHz FMCW radar. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 2025, 74: 1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"4524_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2730182","volume":"66","author":"M Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li M, Lin J. Wavelet-transform-based data-length-variation technique for fast heart rate detection using 5.8-GHz CW Doppler radar. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2018, 66: 568\u2013576","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR15","first-page":"1137","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","author":"S Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong S, Gu C, Mao J. Contactless cardiac RR intervals estimation in radar-based cardiogram detection. In: Proceedings of the 56th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2022. 1137\u20131141"},{"key":"4524_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25048","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3312513","volume":"23","author":"L Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu L, Liu C, Yang T, et al. Vital sign detection of FMCW radar based on improved adaptive parameter variational mode decomposition. IEEE Sens J, 2023, 23: 25048\u201325060","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"4524_CR17","first-page":"727","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf)","author":"C Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding C, Yan J, Zhang L, et al. Noncontact multiple targets vital sign detection based on VMD algorithm. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf), 2017. 727\u2013730"},{"key":"4524_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2024.3360469","volume":"72","author":"S Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong S, Li Y, Gu C, et al. Robust cardiac timing detection technique with vectors analytic demodulation in Doppler cardiogram sensing. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2024, 72: 4866\u20134877","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3012681","volume":"21","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wu Y, Chen Y, et al. Health-radio: towards contactless myocardial infarction detection using radio signals. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput, 2020, 21: 585\u2013597","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mobile Comput"},{"key":"4524_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.26.1.111","volume":"26","author":"G H Pollack","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pollack G H. Maximum velocity as an index of contractility in cardiac muscle. Circ Res, 1970, 26: 111\u2013127","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"4524_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.1.215","volume":"79","author":"B Swynghedauw","year":"1999","unstructured":"Swynghedauw B. Molecular mechanisms of myocardial remodeling. Physiol Rev, 1999, 79: 215\u2013262","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4524_CR22","first-page":"4808","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","author":"J Kiriazi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiriazi J, Lubecke O, Lubecke V. Radar cross section of human cardiopulmonary activity for recumbent subject. In: Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. 4808\u20134811"},{"key":"4524_CR23","unstructured":"Italian National Research Council, Institute for Applied Physics. An Internet resource for the calculation of the dielectric properties of body tissues in the frequency range 10 Hz\u2013100 GHz. http:\/\/niremf.ifac.cnr.it\/tissprop\/"},{"key":"4524_CR24","first-page":"1667","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","author":"D Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen D, Yamada S, Park B. Noise considerations for remote detection of life signs with microwave Doppler radar. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. 1667\u20131670"},{"key":"4524_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2307832","volume":"62","author":"Y Salamin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salamin Y, Pan J, Wang Z, et al. Eliminating the impacts of flicker noise and DC offset in zero-if architecture pulse compression radars. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2014, 62: 879\u2013888","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2009.2029668","volume":"57","author":"A D Droitcour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Droitcour A D, Boric-Lubecke O, Kovacs G T A. Signal-to-noise ratio in Doppler radar system for heart and respiratory rate measurements. IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn, 2009, 57: 2498\u20132507","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theor Techn"},{"key":"4524_CR27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of EEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest","author":"C Gu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gu C, Wang G, Inoue T, et al. Doppler radar vital sign detection with random body movement cancellation based on adaptive phase compensation. In: Proceedings of EEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2013. 1\u20133"},{"key":"4524_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3123353","volume":"26","author":"I McLane","year":"2021","unstructured":"McLane I, Lauwers E, Stas T, et al. Comprehensive analysis system for automated respiratory cycle segmentation and crackle peak detection. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform, 2021, 26: 1847\u20131860","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"4524_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43650-z","volume":"15","author":"H Ni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ni H, Wang Y, Yao K, et al. Cyclical palmitoylation regulates TLR9 signalling and systemic autoimmunity in mice. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:28:18Z","timestamp":1768292898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4524-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"122302"}}