{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T17:14:13Z","timestamp":1780679653531,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T11:22:31Z","timestamp":1770808951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["InGaN-based high-speed mini laser diode surpasses PAM-4 visible light links by over 30 Gbps"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Junhui","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqian","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haolin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leihao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aolong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouhan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boon S.","family":"Ooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4581_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of International Congress of Advanced Technology and Engineering (ICOTEN)","author":"E A Kadir","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kadir E A, Shubair R, Rahim S K A, et al. B5G and 6G: next generation wireless communications technologies, demand and challenges. In: Proceedings of International Congress of Advanced Technology and Engineering (ICOTEN), 2021. 1\u20136"},{"key":"4581_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12243-022-00938-3","volume":"78","author":"F Salahdine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salahdine F, Han T, Zhang N. 5G, 6G, and beyond: recent advances and future challenges. Ann Telecommun, 2023, 78: 525\u2013549","journal-title":"Ann Telecommun"},{"key":"4581_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4257-6","volume":"68","author":"X H You","year":"2025","unstructured":"You X H, Huang Y M, Zhang C, et al. When AI meets sustainable 6G. Sci China Inf Sci, 2025, 68: 110301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4581_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4337-1","volume":"68","author":"Q M Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui Q M, You X H, Wei N, et al. Overview of AI and communication for 6G network: fundamentals, challenges, and future research opportunities. Sci China Inf Sci, 2025, 68: 171301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4581_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-025-4419-9","volume":"68","author":"C-X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang C-X, Lv Z, Huang C, et al. An enhanced 6G pervasive channel model towards standardization. Sci China Inf Sci, 2025, 68: 162301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4581_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2913348","volume":"21","author":"L E M Matheus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matheus L E M, Vieira A B, Vieira L F M, et al. Visible light communication: concepts, applications and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials, 2019, 21: 3204\u20133237","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"4581_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.3017153","volume":"15","author":"N Chi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chi N, Zhou Y, Wei Y, et al. Visible light communication in 6G: advances, challenges, and prospects. IEEE Veh Technol Mag, 2020, 15: 93\u2013102","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Technol Mag"},{"key":"4581_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2015.7096278","volume":"22","author":"N Chi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chi N, Haas H, Kavehrad M, et al. Visible light communications: demand factors, benefits and opportunities [Guest Editorial]. IEEE Wireless Commun, 2015, 22: 5\u20137","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4581_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4365","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.447546","volume":"30","author":"J Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu J, Hu F, Jia J, et al. 46.4 Gbps visible light communication system utilizing a compact tricolor laser transmitter. Opt Express, 2022, 30: 4365\u20134373","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"4581_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.508065","volume":"32","author":"Z Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo Z, Lin X, Lu Z, et al. 113 Gbps rainbow visible light laser communication system based on 10\u03bb laser WDM emitting module in fiber-free space-fiber link. Opt Express, 2024, 32: 2561\u20132573","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"4581_CR11","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)","author":"J Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi J, Fang X, Niu W, et al. 800 Gbps visible light communication system employing WDM and OAM multiplexing. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), 2022. 1\u20133"},{"key":"4581_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900428","volume":"34","author":"A R Ndjiongue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ndjiongue A R, Ngatched T M N, Dobre O A, et al. VLC-based networking: feasibility and challenges. IEEE Netw, 2020, 34: 158\u2013165","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"4581_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4468-4","volume":"68","author":"Z Q Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi Z Q, Xie M Y, Wang L N, et al. Full-duplex ultraviolet light communication network for space-chip interconnection. Sci China Inf Sci, 2025, 68: 209301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4581_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2774429","volume":"36","author":"L Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin L, Haas H. Physical-layer security in multiuser visible light communication networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2017, 36: 162\u2013174","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"4581_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2017.2748991","volume":"9","author":"Z Ong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ong Z, Rachim V P, Chung W Y. Novel electromagnetic-interference-free indoor environment monitoring system by mobile camera-image-sensor-based VLC. IEEE Photonics J, 2017, 9: 1\u201311","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J"},{"key":"4581_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2024.108449","volume":"182","author":"C Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong C, Fu Q, Wang K, et al. The model and characteristics of polarized light transmission applicable to polydispersity particle underwater environment. Optics Lasers Eng, 2024, 182: 108449","journal-title":"Optics Lasers Eng"},{"key":"4581_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47105-x","volume":"15","author":"J Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu J, Guo Z, Shi J, et al. A metasurface-based full-color circular auto-focusing airy beam transmitter for stable high-speed underwater wireless optical communications. Nat Commun, 2024, 15: 2944","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4581_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107959","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3438107","volume":"12","author":"C Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo C, Li Z, Zha L, et al. Diffuse-LOS optical wireless communication across wavy water-air-interface using UVA light. IEEE Access, 2024, 12: 107959","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4581_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4414-8","volume":"68","author":"Z Q Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi Z Q, Wang L M, Liang Y Z, et al. Mobile wireless light communication network. Sci China Inf Sci, 2025, 68: 174301","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4581_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.522667","volume":"49","author":"Y Hou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou Y, Wang Z, Liu M, et al. Wide field-of-view laser-based white light transmitter for visible light communications. Opt Lett, 2024, 49: 2805\u20132808","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2016.158","volume":"10","author":"Y Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun Y, Zhou K, Sun Q, et al. Room-temperature continuous-wave electrically injected InGaN-based laser directly grown on Si. Nat Photon, 2016, 10: 595\u2013599","journal-title":"Nat Photon"},{"key":"4581_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2021.106985","volume":"139","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Lu S, Li J, et al. Design and fabrication of high power InGaN blue laser diode over 8 W. Optics Laser Tech, 2021, 139: 106985","journal-title":"Optics Laser Tech"},{"key":"4581_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23372","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.525498","volume":"32","author":"E Trageser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trageser E, Zhang H, Palmer S, et al. Blue GaN-based DFB laser diode with sub-MHz linewidth. Opt Express, 2024, 32: 23372\u201323380","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"4581_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"040601","DOI":"10.3788\/COL201917.040601","volume":"17","author":"Y Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo Y, Alkhazragi O, Kang C H, et al. A tutorial on laser-based lighting and visible light communications: device and technology. Chin Opt Lett, 2019, 17: 040601","journal-title":"Chin Opt Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.38.003792","volume":"38","author":"S Watson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watson S, Tan M, Najda S P, et al. Visible light communications using a directly modulated 422 nm GaN laser diode. Opt Lett, 2013, 38: 3792\u20133794","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13051","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.013051","volume":"23","author":"Y C Chi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chi Y C, Hsieh D H, Tsai C T, et al. 450-nm GaN laser diode enables high-speed visible light communication with 9-Gbps QAM-OFDM. Opt Express, 2015, 23: 13051\u201313059","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"4581_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101104","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4962430","volume":"109","author":"C Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee C, Zhang C, Becerra D L, et al. Dynamic characteristics of 410 nm semipolar $$(20\\overline{21})$$ III-nitride laser diodes with a modulation bandwidth of over 5 GHz. Appl Phys Lett, 2016, 109: 101104","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"093003","DOI":"10.1088\/0268-1242\/31\/9\/093003","volume":"31","author":"T Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang T. Topical review: development of overgrown semi-polar GaN for high efficiency green\/yellow emission. Semicond Sci Technol, 2016, 31: 093003","journal-title":"Semicond Sci Technol"},{"key":"4581_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10478","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10289-y","volume":"7","author":"Y F Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang Y F, Chi Y C, Kao H Y, et al. Blue laser diode based free-space optical data transmission elevated to 18 Gbps over 16 m. Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 10478","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4581_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31431-4","volume":"8","author":"W C Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang W C, Wang H Y, Lin G R. Ultrahigh-speed violet laser diode based free-space optical communication beyond 25 Gbit\/s. Sci Rep, 2018, 8: 13142","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4581_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11091430","volume":"11","author":"S P Najda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Najda S P, Perlin P, Suski T, et al. GaN laser diode technology for visible-light communications. Electronics, 2022, 11: 1430","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"4581_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.385954","volume":"45","author":"J A Holguin-Lerma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holguin-Lerma J A, Kong M, Alkhazragi O, et al. 480-nm distributed-feedback InGaN laser diode for 10.5-Gbit\/s visible-light communication. Opt Lett, 2020, 45: 742\u2013745","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5092585","volume":"114","author":"S Marcinkevi\u010dius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marcinkevi\u010dius S, Yapparov R, Kuritzky L Y, et al. Interwell carrier transport in InGaN\/(In)GaN multiple quantum wells. Appl Phys Lett, 2019, 114: 151103","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2025.112601","volume":"185","author":"J Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu J, Jia H, Gu Z, et al. Investigation on large modulation bandwidth InGaN-based blue laser diodes. Optics Laser Tech, 2025, 185: 112601","journal-title":"Optics Laser Tech"},{"key":"4581_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1364\/PRJ.516829","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Hu J, Guan C, et al. High-speed GaN-based laser diode with modulation bandwidth exceeding 5 GHz for 20 Gbps visible light communication. Photon Res, 2024, 12: 1186\u20131193","journal-title":"Photon Res"},{"key":"4581_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2024.3520230","volume":"43","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Xu Z, Li S, et al. 21.79\/17.49 Gbps full-duplex visible light communication enabled by short-cavity blue and green InGaN\/GaN laser diodes. J Lightwave Technol, 2025, 43: 3348\u20133357","journal-title":"J Lightwave Technol"},{"key":"4581_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.54.2491","volume":"54","author":"S L Chuang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chuang S L, Chang C S. k \u00b7 p method for strained wurtzite semiconductors. Phys Rev B, 1996, 54: 2491\u20132504","journal-title":"Phys Rev B"},{"key":"4581_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1985.22235","volume":"32","author":"S E Laux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laux S E. Techniques for small-signal analysis of semiconductor devices. IEEE Trans Electron Dev, 2005, 32: 2028\u20132037","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Electron Dev"},{"key":"4581_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1448668","volume":"80","author":"V Fiorentini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fiorentini V, Bernardini F, Ambacher O. Evidence for nonlinear macroscopic polarization in III-V nitride alloy heterostructures. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80: 1204\u20131206","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4581_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.19660150223","volume":"15","author":"P Landsberg","year":"1966","unstructured":"Landsberg P. Electron interaction effects on recombination spectra. Physica Status Solidi (B), 1966, 15: 623\u2013626","journal-title":"Physica Status Solidi (B)"},{"key":"4581_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micrna.2022.207425","volume":"171","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Qiu X, Chu C, et al. Impact of an AlGaN thin insertion layer in the p-GaN region on InGaN\/GaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes. Micro Nanostruct, 2022, 171: 207425","journal-title":"Micro Nanostruct"},{"key":"4581_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118148167","volume-title":"Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits","author":"L A Coldren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coldren L A, Corzine S W, Mashanovitch M L. Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2012"},{"key":"4581_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2011.05.003","volume":"44","author":"G Alahyarizadeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alahyarizadeh G, Aghajani H, Mahmodi H, et al. Analytical and visual modeling of InGaN\/GaN single quantum well laser based on rate equations. Optics Laser Tech, 2012, 44: 12\u201320","journal-title":"Optics Laser Tech"},{"key":"4581_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1109\/3.159508","volume":"28","author":"R Nagarajan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nagarajan R, Ishikawa M, Fukushima T, et al. High speed quantum-well lasers and carrier transport effects. IEEE J Quantum Electron, 1992, 28: 1990\u20132008","journal-title":"IEEE J Quantum Electron"},{"key":"4581_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s43074-021-00039-9","volume":"2","author":"F Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu F, Chen S, Zhang Y, et al. High-speed visible light communication systems based on Si-substrate LEDs with multiple superlattice interlayers. PhotoniX, 2021, 2: 16","journal-title":"PhotoniX"},{"key":"4581_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1109\/3.299487","volume":"30","author":"A A Tager","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tager A A, Petermann K. High-frequency oscillations and self-mode locking in short external-cavity laser diodes. IEEE J Quantum Electron, 2002, 30: 1553\u20131561","journal-title":"IEEE J Quantum Electron"},{"key":"4581_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elsayed E E. Investigations on modified OOK and adaptive threshold for wavelength division multiplexing free-space optical systems impaired by interchannel crosstalk, atmospheric turbulence, and ASE noise. J Opt, 2024, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12596-024-01929-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-024-01929-4"},{"key":"4581_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-05721-9","volume":"56","author":"M Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh M, Elsayed E E, Alayedi M, et al. Performance analysis in spectral-amplitude-coding-optical-code-division-multiple-access using identity column shift matrix code in free space optical transmission systems. Opt Quant Electron, 2024, 56: 795","journal-title":"Opt Quant Electron"},{"key":"4581_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-020-02497-0","volume":"52","author":"E E Elsayed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elsayed E E, Yousif B B. Performance evaluation and enhancement of the modified OOK based IM\/DD techniques for hybrid fiber\/FSO communication over WDM-PON systems. Opt Quant Electron, 2020, 52: 385","journal-title":"Opt Quant Electron"},{"key":"4581_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70051","DOI":"10.1002\/jnm.70051","volume":"38","author":"J Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun J, Zhou S, Lin Q. A high-precision and fast modeling method for amplifiers. Int J Numer Model, 2025, 38: e70051","journal-title":"Int J Numer Model"},{"key":"4581_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04223-6","volume":"601","author":"L G Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright L G, Onodera T, Stein M M, et al. Deep physical neural networks trained with backpropagation. Nature, 2022, 601: 549\u2013555","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4581_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parco.2017.02.001","volume":"64","author":"S Rumley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rumley S, Bahadori M, Polster R, et al. Optical interconnects for extreme scale computing systems. Parallel Computing, 2017, 64: 65\u201380","journal-title":"Parallel Computing"},{"key":"4581_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-022-01120-w","volume":"17","author":"M Corato-Zanarella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corato-Zanarella M, Gil-Molina A, Ji X, et al. Widely tunable and narrow-linewidth chip-scale lasers from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Nat Photon, 2023, 17: 157\u2013164","journal-title":"Nat Photon"},{"key":"4581_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.432152","volume":"46","author":"S Shao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shao S, Li J, Wu Y, et al. Modulation bandwidth enhanced self-injection locking laser with an external high-Q microring reflector. Opt Lett, 2021, 46: 3251\u20133254","journal-title":"Opt Lett"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:03:09Z","timestamp":1770814989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4581-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"132405"}}