{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T04:21:24Z","timestamp":1769746884416,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci. China Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T13:32:42Z","timestamp":1769693562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near-field joint spatial-division and multiplexing for XL-MIMO communications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Zhenjun","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4585_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139049276","volume-title":"Foundations of MIMO Communication","author":"R W Heath Jr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heath Jr R W, Lozano A. Foundations of MIMO Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018"},{"key":"4585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3387749","volume":"26","author":"H Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu H, Zeng Y, You C, et al. A tutorial on near-field XL-MIMO communications toward 6G. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials, 2024, 26: 2213\u20132257","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"4585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000826","volume":"38","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Bjornson E, Matthaiou M, et al. Prospective multiple antenna technologies for beyond 5G. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2020, 38: 1637\u20131660","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900157","volume":"27","author":"E D Carvalho","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carvalho E D, Ali A, Amiri A, et al. Non-stationarities in extra-large-scale massive MIMO. IEEE Wireless Commun, 2020, 27: 74\u201380","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7922","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3416891","volume":"72","author":"Z Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong Z, Li X, Zeng Y. Characterizing and utilizing near-field spatial correlation for XL-MIMO communication. IEEE Trans Commun, 2024, 72: 7922\u20137937","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR6","unstructured":"Wang H, Feng C, Zeng Y, et al. Enhancing spatial multiplexing and interference suppression for near-and far-field communications with sparse MIMO. ArXiv:2408.01956"},{"key":"4585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13766","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3404659","volume":"23","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Dong Z, Zeng Y, et al. Multi-user modular XL-MIMO communications: near-field beam focusing pattern and user grouping. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2024, 23: 13766\u201313781","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.211.2100164","volume":"59","author":"J Jeon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeon J, Lee G, Ibrahim A A I, et al. MIMO evolution toward 6G: modular massive MIMO in low-frequency bands. IEEE Commun Mag, 2021, 59: 52\u201358","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"4585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2022.3146400","volume":"70","author":"M Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui M, Dai L. Channel estimation for extremely large-scale MIMO: far-field or near-field? IEEE Trans Commun, 2022, 70: 2663\u20132677","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3349276","volume":"26","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zhang J, Du H, et al. A tutorial on extremely large-scale MIMO for 6G: fundamentals, signal processing, and applications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials, 2024, 26: 1560\u20131605","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"4585_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-023-4077-8","volume":"67","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang S, Peng Y, Lyu W, et al. Near-field channel estimation for extremely large-scale Terahertz communications. Sci China Inf Sci, 2024, 67: 192302","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4585_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-024-4105-7","volume":"67","author":"N Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang N, Zhang J, Xing C, et al. Intelligent secure near-field communication. Sci China Inf Sci, 2024, 67: 199302","journal-title":"Sci China Inf Sci"},{"key":"4585_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2324991","volume":"62","author":"X Rao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rao X, Lau V K. Distributed compressive CSIT estimation and feedback for FDD multi-user massive MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2014, 62: 3261\u20133271","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"4585_CR14","first-page":"4558","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Proc IEEE ICC, London","author":"C Qi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qi C, Huang Y, Jin S, et al. Sparse channel estimation based on compressed sensing for massive MIMO systems. In: Proceedings of the Proc IEEE ICC, London, 2015. 4558\u20134563"},{"key":"4585_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000327","volume":"28","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Xu X. Toward environment-aware 6G communications via channel knowledge map. IEEE Wireless Commun, 2021, 28: 84\u201391","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3364508","volume":"26","author":"Y Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng Y, Chen J, Xu J, et al. A tutorial on environment-aware communications via channel knowledge map for 6G. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials, 2024, 26: 1478\u20131519","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"4585_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6441","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2013.2269476","volume":"59","author":"A Adhikary","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adhikary A, Junyoung Nam A, Jae-Young Ahn A, et al. Joint spatial division and multiplexing\u2014the large-scale array regime. IEEE Trans Inform Theory, 2013, 59: 6441\u20136463","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theory"},{"key":"4585_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2014.2328173","volume":"32","author":"A Adhikary","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adhikary A, Al Safadi E, Samimi M K, et al. Joint spatial division and multiplexing for mm-wave channels. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2014, 32: 1239\u20131255","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9387","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3371029","volume":"73","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang J, Tang P, et al. Channel sparsity variation and model-based analysis on 6, 26, and 105 GHz measurements. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2024, 73: 9387\u20139397","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"4585_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2963076","volume":"69","author":"T Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang T, Zhang J, Shafi M, et al. The comparative study of s-v model between 3.5 and 28 GHz in indoor and outdoor scenarios. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 2020, 69: 2351\u20132364","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"4585_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1109\/49.995514","volume":"20","author":"A Abdi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abdi A, Kaveh M. A space-time correlation model for multielement antenna systems in mobile fading channels. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2002, 20: 550\u2013560","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR22","first-page":"1525","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE GlobeCom, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","author":"Z Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong Z, Li X, Zeng Y, et al. Near-field spatial correlation for multi-path XL-array communications with partial visibility. In: Proceedings of IEEE GlobeCom, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2023. 1525\u20131530"},{"key":"4585_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3126384","volume":"21","author":"H Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu H, Zeng Y. Communicating with extremely large-scale array\/surface: unified modeling and performance analysis. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2021, 21: 4039\u20134053","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87877","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3089677","volume":"9","author":"M Bayraktar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayraktar M, Guvensen G M. An efficient interference-aware constrained massive MIMO beamforming for mm-wave JSDM. IEEE Access, 2021, 9: 87877\u201387897","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"4585_CR25","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ICC 2021-IEEE International Conference on Communications","author":"M Bayraktar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayraktar M, Guvensen G M. An efficient constrained mm-wave hybrid massive MIMO beamforming for JSDM based NOMA. In: Proceedings of the ICC 2021-IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2021. 1\u20136"},{"key":"4585_CR26","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Proc IEEE International Workshop on CAMSAP","author":"A Amiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amiri A, Manch\u00f3n C N, De Carvalho E. A message passing based receiver for extra-large scale MIMO. In: Proceedings of the Proc IEEE International Workshop on CAMSAP, 2019. 564\u2013568"},{"key":"4585_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2898572","volume":"8","author":"A Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali A, Carvalho E D, Heath R W. Linear receivers in non-stationary massive MIMO channels with visibility regions. IEEE Wireless Commun Lett, 2019, 8: 885\u2013888","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun Lett"},{"key":"4585_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7476","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3158894","volume":"21","author":"H Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang H, Shlezinger N, Guidi F, et al. Beam focusing for near-field multiuser MIMO communications. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2022, 21: 7476\u20137490","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8828","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3266298","volume":"22","author":"L Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei L, Huang C, Alexandropoulos G C, et al. Tri-polarized holographic MIMO surfaces for near-field communications: channel modeling and precoding design. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2023, 22: 8828\u20138842","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2706648","volume":"59","author":"K T Selvan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Selvan K T, Janaswamy R. Fraunhofer and Fresnel distances: unified derivation for aperture antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag, 2017, 59: 12\u201315","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag Mag"},{"key":"4585_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3046766","volume":"20","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Zeng Y, Jin S, et al. Communication and localization with extremely large lens antenna array. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2021, 20: 3031\u20133048","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2315-6","volume-title":"Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications: COST Action 2100","author":"R Verdone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verdone R, Zanella A. Pervasive Mobile and Ambient Wireless Communications: COST Action 2100. London: Springer, 2012"},{"key":"4585_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.010413.120620","volume":"12","author":"M Zhu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhu M, Eriksson G, Tufvesson F. The COST 2100 channel model: parameterization and validation based on outdoor MIMO measurements at 300 MHz. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2013, 12: 888\u2013897","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2945531","volume":"19","author":"J Flordelis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flordelis J, Li X, Edfors O, et al. Massive MIMO extensions to the COST 2100 channel model: modeling and validation. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2019, 19: 380\u2013394","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR35","volume-title":"Introduction to Radar Systems","author":"M I Skolnik","year":"1980","unstructured":"Skolnik M I. Introduction to Radar Systems. New York: McGraw-Hill1980, 1980"},{"key":"4585_CR36","first-page":"863","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson E, Sanguinetti L. Utility-based precoding optimization framework for large intelligent surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2019. 863\u2013867"},{"key":"4585_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/98.656151","volume":"5","author":"R B Ertel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ertel R B, Cardieri P, Sowerby K W, et al. Overview of spatial channel models for antenna array communication systems. IEEE Pers Commun, 1998, 5: 10\u201322","journal-title":"IEEE Pers Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3170735","volume":"26","author":"Z Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Z, Zeng Y. Near-field spatial correlation for extremely large-scale array communications. IEEE Commun Lett, 2022, 26: 1534\u20131538","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"key":"4585_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2015.2403364","volume":"14","author":"A Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu A, Lau V K N. Two-stage subspace constrained precoding in massive MIMO cellular systems. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun, 2015, 14: 3271\u20133279","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"4585_CR40","first-page":"280","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Proc ACSSC, Pacific Grove","author":"X Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao X, Tufvesson F, Edfors O. Massive MIMO channels-Measurements and models. In: Proceedings of the Proc ACSSC, Pacific Grove, 2013. 280\u2013284"},{"key":"4585_CR41","volume-title":"Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks: Techniques, Models and Tools for 4G","author":"L M Correia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Correia L M. Mobile Broadband Multimedia Networks: Techniques, Models and Tools for 4G. San Diego: Academic Press, 2010"},{"key":"4585_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9800(69)80045-1","volume":"7","author":"B C Rennie","year":"1969","unstructured":"Rennie B C, Dobson A J. On stirling numbers of the second kind. J Combin Theory, 1969, 7: 116\u2013121","journal-title":"J Combin Theory"}],"container-title":["Science China Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T15:03:38Z","timestamp":1769699018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-025-4585-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-733X","1869-1919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-733X","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-1919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"132302"}}