{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:10:19Z","timestamp":1774714219671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Bio Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T08:17:50Z","timestamp":1138781870000},"page":"5-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":310,"title":["Membrane electroporation theories: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.W.","family":"Smye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.P.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"20_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(79)85005-9","volume":"6","author":"IG Abidor","year":"1979","unstructured":"Abidor IG, Arakelyan VB, Chernomordik LV, Chizmadzhev YA, Pastushenko VF, Tarasevich MR (1979) Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: 1. The main experimental facts and their qualitative discussion. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 6:37\u201352","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.042960","volume":"87","author":"A Aksimentiev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aksimentiev A, Jiunn BH, Timp G, Schulten K (2004) Microscopic kinetics of DNA translocation through synthetic nanopores. Biophys J 87:2086\u20132097","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR3","volume-title":"Essential cell biology","author":"B Alberts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alberts B, Bray D, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (1998) Essential cell biology. Garland Publishing, New York, NY"},{"key":"20_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.9.797","volume":"87","author":"A Al-Khadra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Khadra A, Nikolski V, Efimov IR (2001) The role of electroporation in defibrillation. Circ Res 87:797\u2013804","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"20_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(78)85505-2","volume":"21","author":"O Alvarez","year":"1978","unstructured":"Alvarez O, Latorre RE (1978) Voltage dependent capacitance in lipid bilayers made from monolayers. Biophys J 21:1\u201317","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR6","first-page":"1393","volume":"12","author":"T Ashihara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ashihara T, Yao T, Namba T, Makoto I, Ikeda T, Kawase A, Toda S, Suzuki T, Inagaki M, Sugimachi M, Kinoshita M, Nakazawa K (2001) Electroporation in a model of defibrillation. J Cardiovasc Res 12:1393\u20131403","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"20_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012534","volume":"284","author":"PF Baker","year":"1978","unstructured":"Baker PF, Knight DE (1978) A high-voltage technique for gaining rapid access to the interior of secretory cells. J Physiol 284:30\u201331","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"20_CR8","first-page":"106","volume":"296","author":"PF Baker","year":"1979","unstructured":"Baker PF, Knight DE (1979) Influence of anions on exocytosis in \u2018leaky\u2019 bovine adrenal medullary cells. J Physiol 296:106\u2013107","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"20_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(91)87001-W","volume":"25","author":"A Barnett","year":"1991","unstructured":"Barnett A, Weaver JC (1991) Electroporation: a unified, quantitative theory of reversible breakdown and rupture. Biolectrochem Bioenerg 25:163\u2013182","journal-title":"Biolectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01872858","volume":"48","author":"R Benz","year":"1979","unstructured":"Benz R, Beckers F, Zimmerman U (1979) Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayer membranes: a charge pulse relaxation study. J Membr Biol 48:181\u2013204","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"20_CR11","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Structure and dynamics of electric field-induced membrane pores as revealed by rapid-freezing electron microscopy. Guide to electroporation and electrofusion","author":"DC Chang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chang DC (1992) Structure and dynamics of electric field-induced membrane pores as revealed by rapid-freezing electron microscopy. Guide to electroporation and electrofusion. Academic, Orlando, FL, pp 9\u201327"},{"key":"20_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(73)86017-5","volume":"13","author":"JM Crowley","year":"1973","unstructured":"Crowley JM (1973) Electrical breakdown of bimolecular lipid membranes as an electromechanical instability. Biophys J 13:711\u2013724","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)76973-0","volume":"77","author":"KA DeBruin","year":"1999","unstructured":"DeBruin KA, Krassowska W (1999) Modeling electroporation in a single cell. I. Effects of field strength and rest potential. Biophys J 77:1213\u20131224","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01872532","volume":"78","author":"DS Dimitrov","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dimitrov DS (1984) Electric field-induced breakdown of lipid bilayers and cell membranes: a thin viscoelastic film model. J Membr Biol 78:53\u201360","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"20_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(99)00199-3","volume":"1428","author":"PE Engstrom","year":"1999","unstructured":"Engstrom PE, Persson BR, Salford LG (1999) Studies of in vivo electropermeabilisation by gamma camera measurements of (99m)Tc-DTPA. Biochim Biophys Acta 1428:321\u2013328","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"20_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80453-9","volume":"67","author":"SA Freeman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Freeman SA, Wang MA, Weaver JC (1994) Theory of electroporation of planar bilayer membranes: predictions of the aqueous area, change in capacitance, and pore\u2013pore separation. Biophys J 67:42\u201356","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"3","key":"20_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01872894","volume":"48","author":"B Gauger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Gauger B, Bentrup FW (1979) A study of dielectric membrane breakdown in the Fucus egg. J Membr Biol 48(3):249\u2013264","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"20_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(88)90202-7","volume":"940","author":"RW Glaser","year":"1988","unstructured":"Glaser RW, Leikin SL, Chernomordik LV, Pastushenko VF, Sokirko AI (1988) Reversible electrical breakdown of lipid bilayers: formation and evolution of pores. Biochim Biophys Acta 940:275\u2013287","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"20_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(03)00073-2","volume":"29","author":"A Gothelf","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gothelf A, Mir LM, Gehl J (2003) Electrochemotherapy: results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of bleomycin by electroporation. Cancer Treat Rev 29:371\u2013387","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"20_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(92)81740-X","volume":"63","author":"C Grosse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grosse C, Schwan HP (1992) Cellular membrane potentials induced by alternating fields. Biophys J 63:1632\u20131642","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR21","unstructured":"Hoekstra D (1994) Cell lipids, current topics in membranes, vol 40. Academic Press, New York, NY, International Standard Serial Number: 0070-2161"},{"key":"20_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500001645","volume":"13","author":"JN Israelachvili","year":"1980","unstructured":"Israelachvili JN, Marcelja S, Horn RG (1980) Physical principles of membrane organization. Q Rev Biophys 13:121\u2013200","journal-title":"Q Rev Biophys"},{"key":"20_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1385\/1592590802","volume-title":"Electrically mediated delivery of molecules to cells: electrochemotherapy, electrogenetherapy and transdermal delivery by electroporation","author":"MJ Jaroszeski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaroszeski MJ, Gilbert R, Heller R (2000) Electrically mediated delivery of molecules to cells: electrochemotherapy, electrogenetherapy and transdermal delivery by electroporation. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ"},{"key":"20_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.62.1025","volume":"62","author":"RP Joshi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joshi RP, Schoenbach KH (2000) Electroporation dynamics in biological cells subjected to ultrafast electrical pulses. Phys Rev E 62:1025\u20131033","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"20_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011913-1","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.64.011913","volume":"64","author":"RP Joshi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joshi RP, Hu Q, Aly R, Schoenbach KH, Hjalmarson HP (2001) Self-consistent simulations of electroporation dynamics in biological cells subjected to ultrashort pulses. Phys Rev E 64:011913-1\u2013011913-10","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"20_CR26","first-page":"041920-1","volume":"65","author":"RP Joshi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Joshi RP, Hu Q, Schoenbach KH, Hjalmarson HP (2002) Improved energy model for membrane electroporation in biological cells subjected to electrical pulses. Phys Rev E 65:041920-1\u2013041920-8","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"20_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/268438a0","volume":"268","author":"K Kinosita","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kinosita K, Tsong TY (1977) Formation and resealing of pores of controlled sizes in human erythrocyte membranes. Nature 268:438\u2013443","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"20_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(91)82115-4","volume":"60","author":"VA Klenchin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klenchin VA, Sukharev SI, Serov SM, Chernomordik LV, Chizmadzhev YA (1991) Electrically induced DNA uptake by cells is a fast process involving DNA electrophoresis. Biophys J 60:804\u2013811","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5394(01)00114-1","volume":"54","author":"T Kotnik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kotnik T, Mir LM, Flisar K, Puc M, Miklav ID (2001) Cell membrane electropermeabilization by symmetrical bipolar rectangular pulses: part I. Increased efficiency of permeabilization. Bioelectrochemistry 54:83\u201389","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"20_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1063\/1.369418","volume":"85","author":"I Krakowsky","year":"1989","unstructured":"Krakowsky I, Romijn T, Posthuman ADB (1989) A few remarks on the electrostriction of elastomers. J Appl Phys 85:628\u2013629","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"20_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1995.tb06986.x","volume":"18","author":"W Krassowska","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krassowska W (1995) Effects of electroporation on transmembrane potential induced by defibrillation shocks. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 18:1644\u20131660","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"20_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2003.1237325","volume":"10","author":"TJ Lewis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewis TJ (2003) A model for bilayer membrane electroporation based on resultant electromechanical stress. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10:754\u2013768","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul"},{"key":"20_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(75)90402-8","volume":"53A","author":"JD Litster","year":"1975","unstructured":"Litster JD (1975) Stability of lipid bilayers and red blood cell membranes. Phys Lett 53A:193\u2013194","journal-title":"Phys Lett"},{"key":"20_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(80)90501-9","volume":"72","author":"C Maldarelli","year":"1980","unstructured":"Maldarelli C, Jain R, Ruckstein E (1980) J Colloid Interface Sci 72:118\u2013125","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"20_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112070000757","volume":"41","author":"DH Michael","year":"1970","unstructured":"Michael DH, O\u2019Neil ME (1970) Electrohydrodynamic instability in plane layers of fluid. J Fluid Mech 41:571\u2013580","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"key":"20_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77924-X","volume":"74","author":"D Miklavcic","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miklavcic D, Beravs K, Semrov D, Cemazar M, Demsar F, Sersa G (1998) The importance of electric field distribution for effective in vivo electroporation of tissues. Biophys J 74:2152\u20132158","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"20_CR37","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Topics in bioelectrochemistry and bioenergetics, vol 4","author":"IR Miller","year":"1981","unstructured":"Miller IR (1981) Structural and energetic aspects of charge transport in lipid bilayers and biological membranes. In: Milazzo G (eds) Topics in bioelectrochemistry and bioenergetics, vol 4. Wiley, New York, NY, pp 161\u2013224"},{"key":"20_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(00)00112-4","volume":"53","author":"LM Mir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mir LM (2000) Therapeutic perspectives of in vivo cell electropermeabislisation. Bioelectrochemistry 53:1\u201310","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"20_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.12.3561","volume":"69","author":"M Montal","year":"1972","unstructured":"Montal M, Mueller P (1972) Formation of bimolecular membranes from lipid monolayers and a study of their electrical properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:3561\u20133566","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"20_CR40","first-page":"3471","volume":"59","author":"JC Neu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Neu JC, Krassowski W (1999) Asymptotic model of electroporation. Phys Rev E 59:3471\u20133482","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"20_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01867861","volume":"10","author":"E Neumann","year":"1972","unstructured":"Neumann E, Rosenheck K (1972) Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes. J Membr Biol 10:279\u2013290","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"20_CR42","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Guide to electroporation and electrofusion","author":"E Neumann","year":"1992","unstructured":"Neumann E, Sprafke A, Boldt E, Wolf H (1992) Biophysical digression on membrane electroporation. In: Chang DC, Chassy BM, Saunders JA, Sowers AE (eds) Guide to electroporation and electrofusion. Academic, Orlando, FL, pp 77\u201390"},{"key":"20_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(99)00008-2","volume":"48","author":"E Neumann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Neumann E, Kakorin S, Toensing K (1999) Fundamentals of electroporative delivery of drugs and genes. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 48:3\u201316","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR44","volume-title":"Animal cell electroporation and electrofusion protocols","author":"A Nicoloff Jac","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nicoloff Jac A (1995) Animal cell electroporation and electrofusion protocols. Humana, Totowa, NJ"},{"key":"20_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(79)85007-2","volume":"6","author":"VF Pastushenko","year":"1979","unstructured":"Pastushenko VF, Chizmadzhev YA, Arakelyan VB (1979) Electric breakdown of bilayer membranes: II. Calculation of the membrane lifetime in the steady-state diffusion approximation. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 6:63\u201370","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR46","first-page":"695","volume-title":"Advances in liquid crystal research and applications","author":"AG Petrov","year":"1980","unstructured":"Petrov AG, Mitov MD, Dershanki AI (1980) Edge energy and pore stability in bilayer lipid membranes. In: Bata L (eds) Advances in liquid crystal research and applications. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 695\u2013737"},{"key":"20_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.04.005","volume":"1724","author":"E Phez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phez E, Faurie C, Golzio M, Teissie J, Rols M-P (2005) New insights in the visualization of membrane permeabilization and DNA\/membrane interaction of cells submitted to electric pulses. Biochim Biophyis Acta 1724:248\u2013254","journal-title":"Biochim Biophyis Acta"},{"key":"20_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10504","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10504","volume":"90","author":"MR Prausnitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Prausnitz MR, Bose VG, Langer R, Weaver JC (1993) Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance trans-dermal drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:10504\u201310508","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"20_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5394(03)00021-5","volume":"60","author":"M Puc","year":"2003","unstructured":"Puc M, Kotnik T, Mir LM, Miklav ID (2003) Quantitative model of small molecules uptake after in vitro cell electropermeabilization. Bioelectrochemistry 60(1\u20132):1\u201310","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"20_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(67)90052-9","volume":"148","author":"AJH Sale","year":"1967","unstructured":"Sale AJH, Hamilton WA (1967) Effects of high fields on microorganisms: I. Killing of bacteria and yeasts. Biochim Biophys Acta 148:781\u2013788","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"20_CR51","volume-title":"Effects of pulse length and strength on electroporation efficiency. Animal cell electroporation and electrofusion protocols","author":"WH Sek","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sek WH (1992) Effects of pulse length and strength on electroporation efficiency. Animal cell electroporation and electrofusion protocols. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ"},{"key":"20_CR52","unstructured":"Shane C (2005) Introductory biology, available at http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/esgbio\/www\/cb\/ membranes\/structure.html, Version 7.014"},{"key":"20_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(94)87029-2","volume":"33","author":"AV Sokirko","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sokirko AV (1994) Distribution of the electric field in an axially symmetric pore. Bioectrochem Bioenerg 33:25\u201330","journal-title":"Bioectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR54","first-page":"57","volume":"30","author":"R St\u00e4mpfli","year":"1958","unstructured":"St\u00e4mpfli R (1958) Reversible electrical breakdown of the excitable membrane of a Ranvier node. Ann Acad Brazil Ciens 30:57\u201363","journal-title":"Ann Acad Brazil Ciens"},{"key":"20_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9797(82)90229-6","volume":"85","author":"A Steinchen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Steinchen A, Gallez D, Sanfield A (1982) J Colloid Interface Sci 85:5\u201312","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"20_CR56","volume-title":"Electromagnetic theory","author":"JA Stratton","year":"1941","unstructured":"Stratton JA (1941) Electromagnetic theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY"},{"key":"20_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(79)90420-6","volume":"556","author":"IP Sugar","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sugar IP (1979) A theory of the electric field-induced phase-transition of phospholipid bilayers. Biochim Biophys Acta 556:72\u201385","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"20_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00284-1","volume":"425","author":"T Suzuki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Shin BC, Fujikura K, Matsuzaki T, Takata K (1998) Direct gene transfer into rat liver cells by in vivo electroporation. FEBS Lett 425:436\u2013440","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"20_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.050617","volume":"88","author":"M Tarek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tarek M (2005) Membrane electroporation: a molecular dynamics simulation. Biophysical J 88:4045\u20134053","journal-title":"Biophysical J"},{"key":"20_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00692a032","volume":"14","author":"C Taupin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Taupin C, Dvolaitzky, Sauterey C (1975) Osmotic pressure induced pores in phospholipid vesicles. Biochemistry 14:4771\u20134775","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"20_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2005.05.006","volume":"1724","author":"J Teissie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Teissie J, Golzio M, Rols MP (2005) Mechanisms of cell membrane electropermeabilisation: a minireview of our present (lack of?) knowledge. Biochim Biophys Acta 1724:270\u2013280","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"20_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.24.11512","volume":"91","author":"E Tekle","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tekle E, Astumian RD, Chock PB (1994) Selective and asymmetric molecular transport across electroporated cell membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11512\u201311516","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"20_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6382","DOI":"10.1021\/ja029504i","volume":"125","author":"DP Tieleman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tieleman DP, Leontiadou H, Mark AE, Marrink SJ (2003) Molecular dynamics simulation of pore formation in phospholipid bilayers by mechanical force and electric fields. J Am Chem Soc 125:6382\u20136383","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"20_CR64","volume-title":"Bilayer lipid membranes","author":"HT Tien","year":"1974","unstructured":"Tien HT (1974) Bilayer lipid membranes. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY"},{"key":"20_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2003.1237323","volume":"10","author":"HT Tien","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tien HT, Ottova A (2003) The bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) under electrical fields. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10:717\u2013727","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul"},{"key":"20_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)49063-0","volume":"149","author":"TY Tsong","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tsong TY (1987) Electric modification of membrane permeability for drug loading into living cells. Methods Enzymol 149:248\u2013259","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"20_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.2400510407","volume":"51","author":"JC Weaver","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weaver JC (1993) Electroporation: a general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues. J Cell Biochem 51:426\u2013435","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"20_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/27.842820","volume":"28","author":"JC Weaver","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weaver JC (2000) Electroporation of cells and tissues. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 28:24\u201333","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Plasma Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"20_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2003.1237325","volume":"10","author":"JC Weaver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weaver JC (2003) Electroporation of biological membranes from multicellular to nano scales. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 10(5):754\u2013768","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul"},{"key":"20_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(81)90688-5","volume":"86A","author":"JC Weaver","year":"1981","unstructured":"Weaver JC, Mintzer RA (1981) Bilayer stability due to trans-membrane potentials. Phys Lett 86A:57\u201359","journal-title":"Phys Lett"},{"key":"20_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(96)05062-3","volume":"41","author":"JC Weaver","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weaver JC, Chizmadzhev YA (1996) Theory of electroporation: a review. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 41:135\u2013160","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"20_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(80)80014-6","volume":"7","author":"U Zimmermann","year":"1980","unstructured":"Zimmermann U, Vienken J, Pilwat G (1980) Development of drug carrier systems: electrical field induced effects in cell membranes. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 7:553","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T12:06:48Z","timestamp":1559390808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-005-0020-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]]}}}