{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:17:40Z","timestamp":1775553460642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]],"date-time":"2011-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,4]],"date-time":"2011-01-04T11:17:08Z","timestamp":1294139828000},"page":"385-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Estimating nerve excitation thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation by finite element modeling combined with a stochastic branching nerve fiber model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Carsten Dahl","family":"M\u00f8rch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Hennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ole K\u00e6seler","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.12.008","volume":"14","author":"JA Biurrun Manresa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biurrun Manresa JA, M\u00f8rch CD, Andersen OK (2010) Long-term facilitation of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes following low-frequency conditioning electrical stimulation: a new model for central sensitization in humans. Euro J Pain 14(8):822\u2013831","journal-title":"Euro J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.106.3.524","volume":"106","author":"EA Blair","year":"1933","unstructured":"Blair EA, Erlanger J (1933) A comparison of the characteristics of axons through their individual electrical responses. Am J Physiol 106(3):524\u2013564","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"725_CR3","first-page":"405","volume":"6","author":"B Bromm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bromm B, Meier W (1984) The intracutaneous stimulus\u2014a new pain model for algesimetric studies. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 6(7):405\u2013410","journal-title":"Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199306000-00002","volume":"9","author":"AM Drewes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Drewes AM, Helweglarsen S, Petersen P, Brennum J, Andreasen A, Poulsen LH, Jensen TS (1993) Mcgill pain questionnaire translated into Danish\u2014experimental and clinical findings. Clin J Pain 9(2):80\u201387","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"725_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e31815c8989","volume":"66","author":"GJ Ebenezer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ebenezer GJ, Hauer P, Gibbons C, McArthur JC, Polydefkis M (2007) Assessment of epidermal nerve fibers: a new diagnostic and predictive tool for peripheral neuropathies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66(12):1059\u20131073","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"725_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.1.8372222","volume":"189","author":"BD Fornage","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fornage BD, McGavran MH, Duvic M, Waldron CA (1993) Imaging of the skin with 20-MHz US. Radiology 189(1):69\u201376","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"725_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/002","volume":"41","author":"S Gabriel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gabriel S, Lau RW, Gabriel C (1996) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10\u00a0Hz to 20\u00a0GHz. Phys Med Biol 41(11):2251\u20132269","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"725_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/41\/11\/001","volume":"41","author":"C Gabriel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gabriel C, Gabriel S, Corthout E (1996) The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. Phys Med Biol 41(11):2231\u20132249","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"725_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4863","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/16\/002","volume":"54","author":"C Gabriel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabriel C, Peyman A, Grant EH (2009) Electrical conductivity of tissue at frequencies below 1\u00a0MHz. Phys Med Biol 54(16):4863\u20134878","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"725_CR10","first-page":"430","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science, 4th edn.","author":"EP Gardner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gardner EP, Martin JH, Jessell TM (2000) The Bodily Senses. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (eds) Principles of Neural Science, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 430\u2013450"},{"key":"725_CR11","unstructured":"GA Gescheider (1997) Psychophysics.In: The Fundamentals.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah"},{"issue":"1","key":"725_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12613631","volume":"104","author":"M Hilliges","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hilliges M, Wang LX, Johansson O (1995) Ultrastructural evidence for nerve-fibers within all vital layers of the human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 104(1):134\u2013137","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"725_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.05.030182.000245","volume":"5","author":"A Iggo","year":"1982","unstructured":"Iggo A, Andres KH (1982) Morphology of cutaneous receptors. Annu Rev Neurosci 5:1\u201331","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00453-5","volume":"96","author":"K Inui","year":"2002","unstructured":"Inui K, Tran TD, Hoshiyama M, Kakigi R (2002) Preferential stimulation of A-delta fibers by intra-epidermal needle electrode in humans. Pain 96(3):247\u2013252","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"725_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.09.017","volume":"26","author":"RR Ji","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ji RR, Kohno T, Moore KA, Woolf CJ (2003) Central sensitization and LTP: do pain and memory share similar mechanisms? Trends Neurosci 26(12):696\u2013705","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"725_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp013048","volume":"297","author":"RS Johansson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Johansson RS, Vallbo AB (1979) Detection of tactile stimuli\u2014thresholds of afferent units related to psychophysical thresholds in the human hand. J Physiol 297:405\u2013422","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00295-3","volume":"111","author":"H Kaube","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kaube H, Katsarava Z, Kaufer T, Diener HC, Ellrich J (2000) A new method to increase nociception specificity of the human blink reflex. Clin Neurophysiol 111(3):413\u2013416","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"725_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1222-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"T Klein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klein T, Magerl W, Hopf HC, Sandkuhler J, Treede RD (2004) Perceptual correlates of nociceptive long-term potentiation and long-term depression in humans. J Neurosci 24(4):964\u2013971","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1622218","volume":"37","author":"P Krackowizer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krackowizer P, Brenner E (2008) Thickness of the human skin: 24 points of measurement. Phlebologie 37(2):83\u201392","journal-title":"Phlebologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0422-z","volume":"47","author":"A Kuhn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuhn A, Keller T, Lawrence M, Morari M (2009) A model for transcutaneous current stimulation: simulations and experiments. Med Biol Eng Comput 47(3):279\u2013289","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"8","key":"725_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.05.006","volume":"31","author":"A Kuhn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuhn A, Keller T, Micera S, Morari M (2009) Array electrode design for transcutaneous electrical stimulation: a simulation study. Med Eng Phys 31(8):945\u2013951","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"10","key":"725_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01260.x","volume":"12","author":"G Lauria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lauria G, Cornblath DR, Johansson O, McArthur JC, Mellgren SI, Nolano M, Rosenberg N, Sommer C (2005) EFNS guidelines on the use of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. Eur J Neurol 12(10):747\u2013758","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00353.2001","volume":"87","author":"CC McIntyre","year":"2002","unstructured":"McIntyre CC, Richardson AG, Grill WM (2002) Modeling the excitability of mammalian nerve fibers: influence of afterpotentials on the recovery cycle. J Neurophysiol 87(2):995\u20131006","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"725_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1976.324593","volume":"23","author":"DR Mcneal","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mcneal DR (1976) Analysis of a model for excitation of myelinated nerve. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 23(4):329\u2013337","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(75)90044-5","volume":"1","author":"R Melzack","year":"1975","unstructured":"Melzack R (1975) The McGill pain questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1(3):277\u2013299","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1645795","volume":"9","author":"S Neerken","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neerken S, Lucassen GW, Bisschop MA, Lenderink E, Nuijs TAM (2004) Characterization of age-related effects in human skin: a comparative study that applies confocal laser scanning microscopy and optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 9(2):274\u2013281","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"725_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)03339-3","volume":"71","author":"HJ Nilsson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nilsson HJ, Levinsson A, Schouenborg J (1997) Cutaneous field stimulation (CFS): a new powerful method to combat itch. Pain 71(1):49\u201355","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10615","volume":"54","author":"M Nolano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nolano M, Provitera V, Crisci C, Stancanelli A, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, Kennedy WR, Santoro L (2003) Quantification of myelinated endings and mechanoreceptors in human digital skin. Ann Neurol 54(2):197\u2013205","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"725_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017737","volume":"415","author":"J Ochoa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ochoa J, Torebjork E (1989) \u201cSensations evoked by intraneural microstimulation of C nociceptor fibers in human-skin nerves\u201d. J Physiol 415:583\u2013599","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.3.1164","volume":"82","author":"YB Peng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peng YB, Ringkamp M, Campbell JN, Meyer RA (1999) Electrophysiological assessment of the cutaneous arborization of A delta-fiber nociceptors. J Neurophysiol 82(3):1164\u20131177","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"725_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20771","volume":"35","author":"V Provitera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Provitera V, Nolano M, Pagano A, Caporaso G, Stancanelli A, Santoro L (2007) Myelinated nerve endings in human skin. Muscle Nerve 35(6):767\u2013775","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"10","key":"725_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325670","volume":"33","author":"F Rattay","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rattay F (1986) Analysis of models for external stimulation of axons. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 33(10):974\u2013977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"725_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1109\/10.32099","volume":"36","author":"F Rattay","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rattay F (1989) Analysis of models for extracellular fiber stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 36(7):676\u2013682","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1997.18001893.x","volume":"137","author":"DM Reilly","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reilly DM, Ferdinando D, Johnston C, Shaw C, Buchanan KD, Green MR (1997) The epidermal nerve fibre network: characterization of nerve fibres in human skin by confocal microscopy and assessment of racial variations. Br J Dermatol 137(2):163\u2013170","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"725_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.06.001","volume":"14","author":"S Rottmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rottmann S, Jung K, Ellrich J (2009) Electrical low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression of sensory and affective components of pain in healthy man. Euro J Pain 14(4):359\u2013365","journal-title":"Euro J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"725_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550310015419","volume":"83","author":"J Sandby-Moller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandby-Moller J, Poulsen T, Wulf HC (2003) Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits. Acta Derm Venereol 83(6):410\u2013413","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"7","key":"725_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00278.x","volume":"10","author":"J Sandkuhler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sandkuhler J, Liu XG (1998) Induction of long-term potentiation at spinal synapses by noxious stimulation or nerve injury. Eur J Neurosci 10(7):2476\u20132480","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"725_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2008.00615.x","volume":"32","author":"N Sha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sha N, Kenney LPJ, Heller BW, Barker AT, Howard D, Moatamedi M (2008) A finite element model to identify electrode influence on current distribution in the skin. Artif Organs 32(8):639\u2013643","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"725_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(93)80063-Z","volume":"30","author":"A Tavernier","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tavernier A, Dierickx M, Hinsenkamp M (1993) Tensors of dielectric permittivity and conductivity of in vitro human dermis and epidermis. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 30:65\u201372","journal-title":"Bioelectrochem Bioenerg"},{"key":"725_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/101.1.1","volume":"101","author":"PD Wall","year":"1978","unstructured":"Wall PD (1978) Gate control-theory of pain mechanisms\u2014re-examination and re-statement. Brain 101:1\u201318","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"725_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.2400510407","volume":"51","author":"JC Weaver","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weaver JC (1993) Electroporation\u2014a general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues. J Cell Biochem 51(4):426\u2013435","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.028712","volume":"547","author":"C Weidner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weidner C, Schmidt R, Schmelz M, Torebjork HE, Handwerker HO (2003) Action potential conduction in the terminal arborisation of nociceptive C-fibre afferents. J Physiol 547(3):931\u2013940","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"725_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-10-11","volume":"10","author":"J Woock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Woock J, Yoo P, Grill W (2010) Finite element modeling and in vivo analysis of electrode configurations for selective stimulation of pudendal afferent fibers. BMC Urol 10(1):11","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"725_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478741","volume":"14","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Yamamoto Y (1976) Electrical-properties of epidermal stratum-corneum. Med Biol Eng 14(2):151\u2013158","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"725_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442549","volume":"19","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"1981","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Yamamoto Y (1981) Non-linear electrical-properties of skin in the low-frequency range. Med Biol Eng Comput 19(3):302\u2013310","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"725_CR46","unstructured":"Yoshida K, Inmann A, Haugland MK (1999) Measurement of complex impedance spectra of implanted electrodes. In: IFESS 1999 proceedings of the 4th annual conference of the international functional electrical stimulation society,Sendai, 267\u2013269 Aug 1999"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T14:56:44Z","timestamp":1559919404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-010-0725-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,5]]}}}