{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:45:42Z","timestamp":1758933942095},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]],"date-time":"2014-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T21:10:31Z","timestamp":1397250631000},"page":"475-489","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Is principal component analysis an effective tool to predict face attractiveness? A contribution based on real 3D faces of highly selected attractive women, scanned with stereophotogrammetry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Luigi Maria","family":"Galantucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Di Gioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fulvio","family":"Lavecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Percoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00113.x","volume":"2","author":"TR Alley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alley TR, Cunningham MR (1991) Average faces are attractive, but very attractive faces are not average. Psychol Sci 2:123\u2013125","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"1148_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.5.925","volume":"50","author":"MR Cunningham","year":"1986","unstructured":"Cunningham MR (1986) Measuring the physical in physical attractiveness. quasi-experiments on the sociobiology of female facial beauty. J Pers Soc Psychol 50:925\u2013935","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.2319\/111008-570","volume":"79","author":"M Menezes De","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Menezes M, Riccardo Rosati R, Allievi C, Sforza C (2009) A photographic system for the three-dimensional study of facial morphology. Angle Orthod 79:1070\u20131077","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181c3ba74","volume":"21","author":"R Deli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deli R, Di Gioia E, Galantucci LM, Percoco G (2010) Automated landmarks extraction for orthodontic measurement of faces using the 3 cameras photogrammetry methodology. J Craniofac Surg 21:87\u201393","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181f6c4a1","volume":"22","author":"R Deli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deli R, Di Gioia E, Galantucci LM, Percoco G (2011) Accurate facial morphology measurements using a 3-camera photogrammetric method. J Craniofac Surg 22:54\u201359","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1042-14-32","volume":"14","author":"R Deli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deli R, Galantucci LM, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, Di Gioia E, Savastano C, Lavecchia F, Percoco G (2013) Three-dimensional methodology for photogrammetric acquisition of the soft tissues of the face: a new clinical-instrumental protocol. Prog Orthod 14:32","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR7","first-page":"460","volume":"55","author":"IL Dryden","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dryden IL, Mardia KV (1993) Multivariate shape analysis. Sankhya 55:460\u2013480","journal-title":"Sankhya"},{"key":"1148_CR8","volume-title":"Statistical shape analysis","author":"IL Dryden","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dryden IL, Mardia KV (1998) Statistical shape analysis. Wiley, Chichester"},{"key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/28.2.159","volume":"28","author":"RJ Edler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Edler RJ (2001) Background considerations to facial aesthetics. J Orthod 28:159\u2013168","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2011.07.010","volume":"45","author":"B Efraty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Efraty B, Bilgazyev E, Shah S, Kakadiaris IA (2012) Profile-based 3D-aided face recognition. Pattern Recogn 45:43\u201353","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"1148_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2011.11.024","volume":"45","author":"J Fan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fan J, Chau KP, Wan X, Zhai L, Lau E (2012) Prediction of facial attractiveness from facial proportions. Pattern Recogn 45:2326\u20132334","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"1148_CR12","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the head and face","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1981","unstructured":"Farkas LG (1981) Anthropometry of the head and face. Elsevier, New York"},{"key":"1148_CR13","volume-title":"Anthropometric facial proportions in medicine","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Farkas LG, Munro IR (1987) Anthropometric facial proportions in medicine. Charles C. Thomas, Illinois"},{"key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(95)90115-9","volume":"53","author":"VF Ferrario","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE, Tartaglia LG (1995) Facial morphometry of television actresses compared with normal women. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53:1008\u20131015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1148_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/17452751003718652","volume":"5","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galantucci LM (2010) New challenges for reverse engineering in facial treatments: how can the new 3D non-invasive surface measures support diagnoses and cures? Virtual Phys Prototyp 5:3\u201312","journal-title":"Virtual Phys Prototyp"},{"key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2356499","volume":"6","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2006","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Ferrandes R, Percoco G (2006) Digital photogrammetry for facial recognition. J Comput Inf Sci Eng 6:390\u2013396","journal-title":"J Comput Inf Sci Eng"},{"key":"1148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/17452750802259603","volume":"3","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Dal Maso U (2008) Coded targets and hybrid grids for photogrammetric 3D digitisation of human faces. Virtual Phys Prototyp 3:167\u2013176","journal-title":"Virtual Phys Prototyp"},{"key":"1148_CR18","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Intelligent automation and computer engineering, lecture notes in electrical engineering, intelligent automation and computer engineering series","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Di Gioia E (2010) Low cost 3D face scanning based on landmarks and photogrammetry: a new tool for a surface diagnosis in orthodontics. In: Ao S, Castillo O, Huang X (eds) Intelligent automation and computer engineering, lecture notes in electrical engineering, intelligent automation and computer engineering series, vol 52. Springer, Berlin, pp 93\u2013106"},{"key":"1148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4156\/jdcta.vol6.issue20.77","volume":"6","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Di Gioia E (2012) New 3D digitizer for human faces based on digital close range photogrammetry: application to face symmetry analysis. JDCTA 6:703\u2013713","journal-title":"JDCTA"},{"key":"1148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31828dcc81","volume":"24","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Lavecchia F, Di Gioia E (2013) Non-invasive computerized scanning method for the correlation between the facial soft and hard tissues for an integrated 3D anthropometry and cephalometry. J Craniofac Surg 24:797\u2013804","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2013.01.051","volume":"5","author":"LM Galantucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galantucci LM, Percoco G, Lavecchia F (2013) A new three-dimensional photogrammetric face scanner for the morpho-biometric 3D feature extraction applied to a massive field analysis of Italian attractive women. Procedia CIRP 5:259\u2013264","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2307\/2841021","volume":"8","author":"F Galton","year":"1879","unstructured":"Galton F (1879) Composite portraits, made by combining those of many different persons in a single resultant figure. J Anthropol Inst Great Br Irel 8:132\u2013144","journal-title":"J Anthropol Inst Great Br Irel"},{"key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01825.x","volume":"53","author":"C Goodall","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goodall C (1991) Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape. J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodol) 53:285\u2013339","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodol)"},{"key":"1148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291478","volume":"40","author":"JC Gower","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gower JC (1975) Generalized procrustes analysis. Psychometrika 40:33\u201351","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"1148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-007-0604-6","volume":"68","author":"M H\u00f6nn","year":"2007","unstructured":"H\u00f6nn M, G\u00f6z G (2007) The ideal of facial beauty: a review. J Orofac Orthop 68:6\u201316","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"1148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1112\/blms\/16.2.81","volume":"16","author":"DG Kendall","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kendall DG (1984) Shape manifolds, procrustean metrics, and complex projective spaces. Bull Lond Math Soc 16:81\u2013121","journal-title":"Bull Lond Math Soc"},{"key":"1148_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90270-A","volume":"50","author":"ME Koury","year":"1992","unstructured":"Koury ME, Epker BN, Turvey TA (1992) Maxillofacial esthetics: anthropometrics of the maxillofacial region. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 50:806\u2013820","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.027","volume":"130","author":"FB Naini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naini FB, Moss JP, Gill DS (2006) The enigma of facial beauty: esthetics, proportions, deformity, and controversy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 130:277\u2013282","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"1148_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1998.19320251.x","volume":"193","author":"P O\u2019Higgins","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Higgins P, Jones N (1998) Facial growth in Cercocebus torquatus: an application of three dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to the study of morphological variation. J Anat 193:251\u2013272","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"1148_CR30","unstructured":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearson_product-moment_correlation_coefficient . Accessed on 13 June 2013"},{"key":"1148_CR31","first-page":"284","volume":"40","author":"H Peck","year":"1970","unstructured":"Peck H, Peck S (1970) A concept of facial esthetics. Esthetics 40:284\u2013318","journal-title":"Esthetics"},{"key":"1148_CR32","volume-title":"Proportions of the aesthetic face","author":"N Powell","year":"1984","unstructured":"Powell N, Humphries B (1984) Proportions of the aesthetic face. C. M. Thieme-Stratton Inc., New York"},{"key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/2992207","volume":"39","author":"FJ Rohlf","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rohlf FJ, Slice DE (1990) Extensions of the procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst Zool 39:40\u201359","journal-title":"Syst Zool"},{"key":"1148_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.2319\/100206-400.1","volume":"77","author":"C Sforza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sforza C, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, Dellavia C, Grandi G, Ferrario VF (2007) Three-dimensional facial morphometry of attractive children and normal children in the deciduous and early mixed dentition. Angle Orthod 77:1025\u20131033","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR35","first-page":"282","volume":"8","author":"C Sforza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sforza C, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, Grandi G, Dellavia C, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF (2007) Three-dimensional facial morphometry of attractive Italian women. Prog Orthod 8:282\u2013293","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2319\/091207-431.1","volume":"78","author":"C Sforza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sforza C, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, Grandi G, Tartaglia GM, Ferrario VF (2008) Soft-tissue facial characteristics of attractive and normal adolescent boys and girls. Angle Orthod 78:799\u2013807","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"1148_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2319\/122707-605.1","volume":"79","author":"C Sforza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sforza C, Laino A, D\u2019Alessio R, Grandi G, Binelli M, Ferrario VF (2009) Soft-tissue facial characteristics of attractive Italian women as compared to normal women. Angle Ortho 79:17\u201323","journal-title":"Angle Ortho"},{"key":"1148_CR38","volume-title":"The evolution of human sexuality","author":"D Symons","year":"1979","unstructured":"Symons D (1979) The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"1148_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.024","volume":"46","author":"DR Valenzano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valenzano DR, Mennucci A, Tartarelli G, Cellerino A (2006) Shape analysis of female facial attractiveness. Vis Res 46:1282\u20131291","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"1148_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vezzetti E, Marcolin F, Stola V (2013) 3D human face soft tissues landmarking method: an advanced approach. Comput Ind. 10.1016\/j.compind.2013.04.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2013.04.006"},{"key":"1148_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1261097","volume":"26","author":"J Yang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhang D, Frangi AF, Yang J-Y (2004) Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26:131\u2013137","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1148_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.10.013","volume":"44","author":"D Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhao Q, Chen F (2011) Quantitative analysis of human facial beauty using geometric features. Pattern Recogn 44:940\u2013950","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T21:18:40Z","timestamp":1716671920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-014-1148-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,12]]}}}