{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T16:17:01Z","timestamp":1764433021022},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]],"date-time":"2015-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435190400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China in Taiwan","award":["02-2221-E-010 -011 -MY3","101-2622-E-010-002-CC2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-2221-E-010 -011 -MY3","101-2622-E-010-002-CC2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T02:18:00Z","timestamp":1435112280000},"page":"485-496","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Quantitative measurement of Parkinsonian gait from walking in monocular image sequences using a centroid tracking algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Huang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chich-Haung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Tzeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shan","family":"Jaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You-Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siny","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lun-De","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1335_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.35","volume":"29","author":"S Avidan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Avidan S (2005) Ensemble tracking. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Machine Intell 29:261\u2013271","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Machine Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"1335_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00041-7","volume":"13","author":"M Benedetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Benedetti M, Catani F, Leardini A, Pignotti E, Giannini S (1998) Data management in gait analysis for clinical applications. Clin Biomech 13(3):204\u2013215","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"1335_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bharatkumar A, Daigle K, Pandy M, Cai Q, Aggarwal J Lower limb kinematics of human walking with the medial axis transformation. In: Motion of non-rigid and articulated objects, 1994. In: Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE workshop on, 1994. IEEE, pp 70\u201376","DOI":"10.1109\/MNRAO.1994.346252"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(02)00053-X","volume":"17","author":"B Bilney","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bilney B, Morris M, Webster K (2003) Concurrent related validity of the GAITRite\u00ae walkway system for quantification of the spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Gait Posture 17(1):68\u201374","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1987.10735400","volume":"19","author":"Y Breniere","year":"1987","unstructured":"Breniere Y, Cuong Do M, Bouisset S (1987) Are dynamic phenomena prior to stepping essential to walking? J Mot Behav 19(1):62\u201376","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"1335_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101587","volume":"42","author":"H Chang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chang H, C T, Lee S, Liao S, Lee H, Shih Y, Cheng H (2004) Temporal differences in relative phasing of gait initiation and first step length in patients with cervical and lumbosacral spinal cord injuries. Spinal Cord 42(5):281\u2013289","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1335_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1109\/21.148408","volume":"22","author":"Z Chen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chen Z, Lee HJ (1992) Knowledge-guided visual perception of 3-D human gait from a single image sequence. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 22(2):336\u2013342","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"7","key":"1335_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.04.004","volume":"12","author":"S-L Chien","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chien S-L, Lin S-Z, Liang C-C, Soong Y-S, Lin S-H, Hsin Y-L, Lee C-W, Chen S-Y (2006) The efficacy of quantitative gait analysis by the GAITRite system in evaluation of parkinsonian bradykinesia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 12(7):438\u2013442","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1335_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00664.2009","volume":"103","author":"C Cho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cho C, Kunin M, Kudo K, Osaki Y, Olanow CW, Cohen B, Raphan T (2010) Frequency-velocity mismatch: a fundamental abnormality in parkinsonian gait. J Neurophysiol 103(3):1478\u20131489","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1335_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comaniciu D, Ramesh V, Meer P (2000) Real-time tracking of non-rigid objects using mean shift. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR\u201900), 2000. Published by the IEEE Computer Society, p 2142","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2000.854761"},{"issue":"4","key":"1335_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0360-7","volume":"172","author":"P Crenna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crenna P, Carpinella I, Rabuffetti M, Rizzone M, Lopiano L, Lanotte M, Ferrarin M (2006) Impact of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on the initiation of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Brain Res 172(4):519\u2013532","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1335_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70549-X","volume":"5","author":"R Djaldetti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Djaldetti R, Ziv I, Melamed E (2006) The mystery of motor asymmetry in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol 5(9):796\u2013802","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33","volume":"56","author":"DJ Gelb","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gelb DJ, Oliver E, Gilman S (1999) Diagnostic criteria for Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 56(1):33\u201339","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1335_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.821976","volume":"14","author":"RD Green","year":"2004","unstructured":"Green RD, Guan L (2004) Quantifying and recognizing human movement patterns from monocular video images-part i: a new framework for modeling human motion. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 14(2):179\u2013190","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1117\/1.482723","volume":"9","author":"RD Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green RD, Guan L, Burne J (2000) Video analysis of gait for diagnosing movement disorders. J Electron Imaging 9(1):16\u201321","journal-title":"J Electron Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(98)00020-4","volume":"8","author":"SE Halliday","year":"1998","unstructured":"Halliday SE, Winter DA, Frank JS, Patla AE, Prince F (1998) The initiation of gait in young, elderly, and Parkinson\u2019s disease subjects. Gait Posture 8(1):8\u201314","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"1335_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","volume":"17","author":"MM Hoehn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17(5):427\u2013442","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1335_CR18","first-page":"1529","volume":"40","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jankovic J, McDermott M, Carter J, Gauthier S, Goetz C, Golbe L, Huber S, Koller W, Olanow C, Shoulson I (1990) Variable expression of Parkinson's disease: a base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology 40(10):1529\u20131534","journal-title":"The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1335_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.12.017","volume":"24","author":"JM Jasiewicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jasiewicz JM, Allum JHJ, Middleton JW, Barriskill A, Condie P, Purcell B, Li RCT (2006) Gait event detection using linear accelerometers or angular velocity transducers in able-bodied and spinal-cord injured individuals. Gait Posture 24(4):502\u2013509","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"16","key":"1335_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391607","volume":"339","author":"A Lang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lang A, Lozano A (1998) Parkinson\u2019s disease. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med 339(16):1130\u20131143","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070103","volume":"7","author":"JW Langston","year":"1992","unstructured":"Langston JW, Widner H, Goetz CG, Brooks D, Fahn S, Freeman T, Watts R (1992) Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations (CAPIT). Mov Disord 7(1):2\u201313","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090112","volume":"9","author":"P Martinez Martin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Martinez Martin P, Gil Nagel A, Gracia LM, Gomez JB, Martinez Sarries J, Bermejo F (1994) Unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale characteristics and structure. Mov Disord 9(1):76\u201383","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1335_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.19778","volume":"82","author":"AL McDonough","year":"2001","unstructured":"McDonough AL, Batavia M, Chen FC, Kwon S, Ziai J (2001) The validity and reliability of the GAITRite system\u2019s measurements: a preliminary evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(3):419\u2013425","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1335_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.08.023","volume":"167","author":"ST Moore","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moore ST, MacDougall HG, Ondo WG (2008) Ambulatory monitoring of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci Methods 167(2):340\u2013348","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"1335_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.7.763","volume":"76","author":"ME Morris","year":"1996","unstructured":"Morris ME, Matyas TA, Iansek R, Summers JJ (1996) Temporal stability of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Phys Ther 76(7):763\u2013777","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1335_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130115","volume":"13","author":"M Morris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morris M, Iansek R, Matyas T, Summers J (1998) Abnormalities in the stride length-cadence relation in parkinsonian gait. Mov Disord 13(1):61\u201369","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"1335_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PHM.0000146505.18244.43","volume":"83","author":"M Nallegowda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nallegowda M, Singh U, Handa G, Khanna M, Wadhwa S, Yadav SL, Kumar G, Behari M (2004) Role of sensory input and muscle strength in maintenance of balance, gait, and posture in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 83(12):898","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1335_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okuno R, Fujimoto S, Akazawa J, Yokoe M, Sakoda S, Akazawa K (2008) Analysis of spatial temporal plantar pressure pattern during gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease. In: 30th annual international conference of the IEEE Vancouver, BC, 2008. IEEE, pp 1765\u20131768","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4649519"},{"issue":"5","key":"1335_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120509","volume":"12","author":"R Rosin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rosin R, Topka H, Dichgans J (1997) Gait initiation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 12(5):682\u2013690","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1335_CR30","first-page":"S59","volume":"79","author":"L Selby-Silverstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Selby-Silverstein L, Besser M (1999) Accuracy of the GAITRite system for measuring temporal-spatial parameters of gait. Phys Ther 79(5):S59","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1335_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.08.012","volume":"86","author":"O Sofuwa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sofuwa O, Nieuwboer A, Desloovere K, Willems AM, Chavret F, Jonkers I (2005) Quantitative gait analysis in Parkinson\u2019s disease: comparison with a healthy control group. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(5):1007\u20131013","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1335_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.06.017","volume":"90","author":"M \u0160vehl\u00edk","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u0160vehl\u00edk M, Zwick EB, Steinwender G, Linhart WE, Schwingenschuh P, Katschnig P, Ott E, Enzinger C (2009) Gait analysis in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease off dopaminergic therapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90(11):1880\u20131886","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1335_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen Z, Cai Z (2007) A robust object tracking approach using mean shift. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on natural computation, vol 2, pp 170\u2013174","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC.2007.132"},{"issue":"4","key":"1335_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.08.003","volume":"27","author":"YR Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang YR, Lee YY, Cheng SJ, Lin PY, Wang RY (2008) Relationships between gait and dynamic balance in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Gait Posture 27(4):611\u2013615","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1335_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz A (2007) Object tracking by asymmetric kernel mean shift with automatic scale and orientation selection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Minneapolis, MN, USA 2007","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.382987"},{"key":"1335_CR36","unstructured":"Zhiqiang W, Zixing C (2007) A robust object tracking approach using mean shift. In: International conference on natural computation, pp 170\u2013174"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T12:10:36Z","timestamp":1559391036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-015-1335-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,25]]}}}