{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:54:14Z","timestamp":1763348054762},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T16:50:21Z","timestamp":1474044621000},"page":"935-948","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Optic disc detection in retinal fundus images using gravitational law-based edge detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alshayeji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suood Abdulaziz","family":"Al-Roomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sa\u2019ed","family":"Abed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.10.003","volume":"43","author":"P Chowriappa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chowriappa P, Dua S, Acharya UR, Krishnan MMR (2013) Ensemble selection for feature-based classification of diabetic maculopathy images. Comput Biol Med 43(12):2156\u20132162","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1563_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"CK Chua","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chua CK, Mookiah MRK, Koh JEW, Acharya UR, Lim CM, Laude A, Ng EYK (2013) Automated diagnosis of maculopathy stages using texture features. Int J Integr Care 13(8):1\u20132","journal-title":"Int J Integr Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1563_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","volume":"1","author":"M Dorigo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Birattari M, Stutzle T (2006) Ant colony optimization. Comput Intell Mag IEEE 1(4):28\u201339","journal-title":"Comput Intell Mag IEEE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.552","volume":"122","author":"Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group (2004) The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol 122(4):552","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9454-7","volume":"36","author":"O Faust","year":"2012","unstructured":"Faust O, Acharya R, Ng EYK, Ng KH, Suri JS (2012) Algorithms for the automated detection of diabetic retinopathy using digital fundus images: a review. J Med Syst 36(1):145\u2013157","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"1563_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/2\/002","volume":"52","author":"AD Fleming","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fleming AD, Goatman KA, Philip S, Olson JA, Sharp PF (2007) Automatic detection of retinal anatomy to assist diabetic retinopathy screening. Phys Med Biol 52(2):331\u2013345","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.829331","volume":"23","author":"M Foracchia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Foracchia M, Grisan E, Ruggeri A (2004) Detection of optic disc in retinal images by means of a geometrical model of vessel structure. IEEE Trans Med Imag 23(10):1189\u20131195","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"issue":"8","key":"1563_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-014-1167-5","volume":"52","author":"K Ganesan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ganesan K, Martis RJ, Acharya UR, Chua CK, Min LC, Ng EYK, Laude A (2014) Computer-aided diabetic retinopathy detection using trace transforms on digital fundus images. Med Biol Eng Comp 52(8):663\u2013672","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comp"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2011.07.004","volume":"16","author":"L Giancardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giancardo L, Meriaudeau F, Karnowski TP, Li Y, Garg S, Tobin KW, Chaum E (2012) Exudate-based diabetic macular edema detection in fundus images using publicly available datasets. Med Image Anal 16(1):216\u2013226","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1563_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2015.07.002","volume":"65","author":"B Harangi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harangi B, Hajdu A (2015) Detection of the optic disc in fundus images by combining probability models. Comput Biol Med 65:10\u201324","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.815900","volume":"22","author":"A Hoover","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoover A, Goldbaum M (2003) Locating the optic nerve in a retinal image using the fuzzy convergence of the blood vessels. IEEE Trans Med Imag 22(8):951\u2013958","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"issue":"12","key":"1563_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.02.157","volume":"39","author":"HK Hsiao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hsiao HK, Liu CC, Yu CY, Kuo SW, Yu SS (2012) A novel optic disc detection scheme on retinal images. Expert Syst Appl 39(12):10600\u201310606","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"12","key":"1563_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1329-0","volume":"53","author":"S Ibrahim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ibrahim S, Dua S, Chowriappa P, Acharya UR, Noronha K, Bhandary S, Mugasa H (2015) Classification of diabetes maculopathy images using data-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference classifier. Med Biol Eng Compu 53(12):1345\u20131360","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Compu"},{"issue":"3","key":"1563_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","volume":"39","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Basturk B (2007) A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. J Global Optim 39(3):459\u2013471","journal-title":"J Global Optim"},{"key":"1563_CR15","unstructured":"Kauppi T, Kalesnykiene V, Kamarainen JK, Voutilainen R, Pietila J, Kalviainen H, Uusitalo H (2014) DIARETDB1 diabetic retinopathy database and evaluation protocol. Technical report"},{"key":"1563_CR16","first-page":"760","volume-title":"Particle swarm optimization Encyclopedia of Machine Learning","author":"J Kennedy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kennedy J (2010) Particle swarm optimization Encyclopedia of Machine Learning. Springer, New York, pp 760\u2013766"},{"issue":"01","key":"1563_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350011","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219519413500115","volume":"13","author":"MMR Krishnan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krishnan MMR, Faust O (2013) Automated glaucoma detection using hybrid feature extraction in retinal fundus images. J Mech Med Biol 13(01):1350011","journal-title":"J Mech Med Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1563_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.05.035","volume":"43","author":"C Lopez-Molina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lopez-Molina C, Bustince H, Fern\u00b4andez J, Couto P, De Baets B (2010) A gravitational approach to edge detection based on triangular norms. Pattern Recogn 43(11):3730\u20133741","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"12","key":"1563_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.10.007","volume":"43","author":"MRK Mookiah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Chua CK, Lim CM, Ng EYK, Laude A (2013) Computer-aided diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: a review. Comput Biol Med 43(12):2136\u20132155","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1563_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2012.09.008","volume":"39","author":"MRK Mookiah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Martis RJ, Chua CK, Lim CM, Ng EYK, Laude A (2013) Evolutionary algorithm based classifier parameter tuning for automatic diabetic retinopathy grading: a hybrid feature extraction approach. Knowl Based Syst 39:9\u201322","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"1563_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"53","author":"MRK Mookiah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mookiah MRK, Acharya UR, Chandran V, Martis RJ, Tan JH, Koh JE, Chua CK, Tong L, Laude A (2015) Application of higher-order spectra for automated grading of diabetic maculopathy. Med Biol Eng Comp 53(12):1\u201313","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comp"},{"issue":"6","key":"1563_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.863971","volume":"53","author":"H Narasimha-Iyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Narasimha-Iyer H, Can A, Roysam B, Stewart V, Tanenbaum HL, Majerovics A, Singh H (2006) Robust detection and classification of longitudinal changes in color retinal fundus images for monitoring diabetic retinopathy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 53(6):1084\u20131098","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"1563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9195-z","volume":"33","author":"J Nayak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nayak J, Acharya R, Bhat PS, Shetty N, Lim TC (2009) Automated diagnosis of glaucoma using digital fundus images. J Med Syst 33(5):337\u2013346","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"1563_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2013.11.006","volume":"10","author":"KP Noronha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noronha KP, Acharya UR, Nayak KP, Martis RJ, Bhandary SV (2014) Automated classification of glaucoma stages using higher order cumulant features. Biomed Sig Process Control 10:174\u2013183","journal-title":"Biomed Sig Process Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"N Otsu","year":"1975","unstructured":"Otsu N (1975) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9(1):62\u201366","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"3","key":"1563_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-012-0994-5","volume":"51","author":"C Pereira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pereira C, Goncalves L, Ferreira M (2013) Optic disc detection in color fundus images using ant colony optimization. Med Biol Eng Comp 51(3):295\u2013303","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comp"},{"issue":"7","key":"1563_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56205","volume":"12","author":"P Perona","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perona P, Malik J (1990) Scale-space and edge detection using anisotropic diffusion. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mac Intell 12(7):629\u2013639","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mac Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2011.09.001","volume":"116","author":"RJ Qureshi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qureshi RJ, Kovacs L, Nagy B, Harangi B, Peto T, Hajdu A (2012) Combining algorithms for automatic detection of optic disc and macula in fundus images. Comput Vis Image Underst 116(1):138\u2013145","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"issue":"2","key":"1563_CR29","first-page":"453","volume":"54","author":"J Rahebi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rahebi J, Hardalac F (2015) A new approach to optic disc detection in human retinal images using the firefly algorithm. Med Biol Eng Comput 54(2):453\u2013461","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-008-9166-4","volume":"33","author":"AW Reza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reza AW, Eswaran C, Hati S (2009) Automatic tracing of optic disc and exudates from color fundus images using fixed and variable thresholds. J Med Syst 33(1):73\u201380","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"1563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-009-9426-y","volume":"35","author":"AW Reza","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reza AW, Eswaran C, Dimyati K (2011) Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: automatic extraction of optic disc and exudates from retinal images using marker-controlled watershed transformation. J Med Syst 35(6):1491\u20131501","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"1563_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.8.902","volume":"83","author":"C Sinthanayothin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sinthanayothin C, Boyce JF, Cook HL, Williamson TH (1999) Automated localization of the optic disc, fovea, and retinal blood vessels from digital colour fundus images. Br J Ophthalmol 83(8):902\u2013910","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1563_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.825627","volume":"23","author":"Joes Staal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Staal Joes, Abramoff Michael D, MeindertNiemeijer Max Viergever, Van Ginneken Bram et al (2004) Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 23(4):501\u2013509","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"1563_CR34","unstructured":"Suero A, Martin D, Gegundez-Arias ME, Bravo JM (2013) Locating the optic disc in retinal images using morphological techniques. In: International work-conference on bioinformatics and biomedical engineering (IWBBIO 2013). Granada, Spain, pp 593\u2013600"},{"issue":"10","key":"1563_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2007.01.006","volume":"40","author":"G Sun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun G, Liu Q, Liu Q, Ji C, Li X (2007) A novel approach for edge detection based on the theory of universal gravity. Pattern Recogn 40(10):2766\u20132775","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"4","key":"1563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-012-9549-4","volume":"26","author":"A Tariq","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tariq A, Akram MU, Shaukat A, Khan SA (2013) Automated detection and grading of diabetic maculopathy in digital retinal images. J Digit Imaging 26(4):803\u2013812","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"1563_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.806290","volume":"21","author":"Thomas Walter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walter Thomas, Klein Jean-Claude, Massin Pascale, Erginay Ali (2002) A contribution of image processing to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy detection of exudates in color fundus images of the human retina. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21(10):1236\u20131243","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1563_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.11.009","volume":"40","author":"D Welfer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welfer D, Scharcanski J, Kitamura CM, Dal Pizzol MM, Ludwig LW, Marinho DR (2010) Segmentation of the optic disk in color eye fundus images using an adaptive morphological approach. Comput Biol Med 40(2):124\u2013137","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1563_CR39","unstructured":"Yang XS (2010) Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. Luniver press"},{"key":"1563_CR40","first-page":"111909","volume":"35","author":"JW Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, Chen SJ, Dekker JM, Fletcher A, Grauslund J et al (2012) Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabet care 35:111909","journal-title":"Diabet care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1563_CR41","first-page":"634","volume":"3","author":"E Yigitbasi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yigitbasi E, Baykan N (2013) Edge detection using artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). Int J Inf Electron Eng 3(6):634\u2013638","journal-title":"Int J Inf Electron Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1563_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.900326","volume":"27","author":"AAHAR Youssif","year":"2008","unstructured":"Youssif AAHAR, Ghalwash AZ, Ghoneim AASAR (2008) Optic disc detection from normalized digital fundus images by means of a vessels\u2019 direction matched filter. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 27(1):11\u201318","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"1563_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-009-0443-0","volume":"49","author":"H Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou H, Schaefer G, Liu T, Lin F (2010) Segmentation of optic disc in retinal images using an improved gradient vector flow algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 49(3):447\u2013462","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"1563_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-009-9189-5","volume":"23","author":"X Zhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhu X, Rangayyan RM, Ells AL (2010) Detection of the optic nerve head in fundus images of the retina using the hough transform for circles. J Digit Imaging 23(3):332\u2013341","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T08:07:57Z","timestamp":1495440477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-016-1563-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]}}}