{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:41:32Z","timestamp":1771461692420,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003451","name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]],"date-time":"2018-09-13T00:43:12Z","timestamp":1536799392000},"page":"453-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["ECG-based pulse detection during cardiac arrest using random forest classifier"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4401-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andoni","family":"Elola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Aramendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Unai","family":"Irusta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Del Ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamud","family":"Daya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1892_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.11.014","volume":"99","author":"E Alonso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alonso E, Aramendi E, Daya M, Irusta U, Chicote B, Russell JK, Tereshchenko LG (2016) Circulation detection using the electrocardiogram and the thoracic impedance acquired by defibrillation pads. Resuscitation 99:56\u201362","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"1892_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.08.022","volume":"85","author":"E Alonso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alonso E, Eftest\u00f8l T, Aramendi E, Kramer-Johansen J, Skogvoll E, Nordseth T (2014) Beyond ventricular fibrillation analysis: Comprehensive waveform analysis for all cardiac rhythms occurring during resuscitation. Resuscitation 85(11):1541\u20131548","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"1892_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babbs CF (2013) We still need a real-time hemodynamic monitor for cpr. Resuscitation","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.06.005"},{"issue":"18 suppl 3","key":"1892_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S685","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970939","volume":"122","author":"RA Berg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berg RA, Hemphill R, Abella BS, Aufderheide TP, Cave DM, Hazinski MF, Lerner EB, Rea TD, Sayre MR, Swor RA (2010) Part 5: Adult basic life support 2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 122(18 suppl 3):S685\u2013S705","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1892_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5\u201332","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"1892_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.11.040","volume":"122","author":"P Brinkrolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brinkrolf P, Borowski M, Metelmann C, Lukas R-P, Pidde-K\u00fcllenberg L, Bohn A (2018) Predicting ROSC in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using expiratory carbon dioxide concentration: Is trend-detection instead of absolute threshold values the key? Resuscitation 122:19\u201324","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"9","key":"1892_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/e18090313","volume":"18","author":"B Chicote","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chicote B, Irusta U, Alcaraz R, Rieta JJ, Aramendi E, Isasi I, Alonso D, Ibarguren K (2016) Application of entropy-based features to predict defibrillation outcome in cardiac arrest. Entropy 18(9):313","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c02ca1","volume":"38","author":"NA Cromie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cromie NA, Allen JD, Navarro C, Turner C, Anderson JM, Adgey AAJ (2010) Assessment of the impedance cardiogram recorded by an automated external defibrillator during clinical cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 38(2):510\u2013517","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1892_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318170a03b","volume":"36","author":"NA Cromie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cromie NA, Allen JD, Turner C, Anderson JM, Adgey AAJ (2008) The impedance cardiogram recorded through two electrocardiogram\/defibrillator pads as a determinant of cardiac arrest during experimental studies. Crit Care Med 36(5):1578\u20131584","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(96)01016-7","volume":"33","author":"B Eberle","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eberle B, Dick W, Schneider T, Wisser G, Doetsch S, Tzanova I (1996) Checking the carotid pulse check: diagnostic accuracy of first responders in patients with and without a pulse. Resuscitation 33(2):107\u2013116","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.04.008","volume":"71","author":"DP Edelson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Edelson DP, Abella BS, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Myklebust H, Barry AM, Merchant RM, Hoek TLV, Steen PA, Becker LB (2006) Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 71(2):137\u2013145","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"1892_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0159654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159654","volume":"11","author":"C Figuera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Figuera C, Irusta U, Morgado E, Aramendi E, Ayala U, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftest\u00f8l T, Alonso-Atienza F (2016) Machine learning techniques for the detection of shockable rhythms in automated external defibrillators. PloS one 11(7):e0159654","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"1892_CR13","volume-title":"The elements of statistical learning, vol 1","author":"J Friedman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Friedman J, Hastie T, Tibshirani R (2001) The elements of statistical learning, vol 1. Springer series in statistics Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"12","key":"1892_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1986.325695","volume":"33","author":"PS Hamilton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hamilton PS, Tompkins WJ (1986) Quantitative investigation of QRS detection rules using the MIT\/BIH arrhythmia database. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng BME 33(12):1157\u20131165","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng BME"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"1892_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.12.126","volume":"70","author":"G-B Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang G-B, Zhu Q-Y, Siew C-K (2006) Extreme learning machine: theory and applications. Neurocomputing 70(1-3):489\u2013501","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"9","key":"1892_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.01.032","volume":"83","author":"U Irusta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Irusta U, Ruiz J, Aramendi E, de Gauna SR, Ayala U, Alonso E (2012) A high-temporal resolution algorithm to discriminate shockable from nonshockable rhythms in adults and children. Resuscitation 83(9):1090\u20131097","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1892_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/25\/5\/007","volume":"25","author":"I Jekova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jekova I, Krasteva V (2004) Real time detection of ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia. Physiol Meas 25(5):1167","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"issue":"10","key":"1892_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.009","volume":"81","author":"RW Koster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koster RW, Baubin MA, Bossaert LL, Caballero A, Cassan P, Castr\u00e9n M, Granja C, Handley AJ, Monsieurs KG, Perkins GD et al (2010) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010 section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 81(10):1277\u20131292","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"11","key":"1892_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81302-2","volume":"22","author":"MP Larsen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Larsen MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Hallstrom AP (1993) Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a graphic model. Ann Emerg Med 22(11):1652\u20131658","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.10.001","volume":"73","author":"H Losert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Losert H, Risdal M, Sterz F, Nys\u00e6ther J, K\u00f6hler K, Eftest\u00f8l T, Wandaller C, Myklebust H, Uray T, Aase SO et al (2007) Thoracic-impedance changes measured via defibrillator pads can monitor signs of circulation. Resuscitation 73(2):221\u2013228","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"1892_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navarro C, Cromie NA, Turner C, Escalona OJ, Anderson JM (2011) Detection of cardiac arrest using a simplified frequency analysis of the impedance cardiogram recorded from defibrillator pads. In: 2011 annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, EMBC, pp 1709\u20131712. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2011.6090490"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.10.002","volume":"73","author":"A Neurauter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neurauter A, Eftest\u00f8l T, Kramer-Johansen J, Abella BS, Sunde K, Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Eilevstj\u00f8nn J, Myklebust H, Steen PA et al (2007) Prediction of countershock success using single features from multiple ventricular fibrillation frequency bands and feature combinations using neural networks. Resuscitation 73(2):253\u2013263","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1892_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9572(00)00226-4","volume":"47","author":"J Nyman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nyman J, Sihvonen M (2000) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills in nurses and nursing students. Resuscitation 47(2):179\u2013184","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"1892_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511544828","volume-title":"Cardiac arrest: the science and practice of resuscitation medicine","author":"NA Paradis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paradis NA, Halperin HR, Kern KB, Wenzel V, Chamberlain DA (2007) Cardiac arrest: the science and practice of resuscitation medicine. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"4","key":"1892_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200204001-00012","volume":"30","author":"T Pellis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pellis T, Bisera J, Tang W, Weil M H (2002) Expanding automatic external defibrillators to include automated detection of cardiac, respiratory, and cardiorespiratory arrest. Critical care medicine 30(4):S176\u2013S178","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"key":"1892_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rad A B, Eftestol T, Engan K, Irusta U, Kvaloy JT, Kramer-Johansen J, Wik L, Katsaggelos AK (2017) Ecg-based classification of resuscitation cardiac rhythms for retrospective data analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2688380"},{"key":"1892_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.01.015","volume":"102","author":"AB Rad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rad A B, Engan K, Katsaggelos AK, Kval\u00f8y JT, Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Irusta U, Eftest\u00f8l T (2016) Automatic cardiac rhythm interpretation during resuscitation. Resuscitation 102:44\u201350","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1892_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.910644","volume":"55","author":"M Risdal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Risdal M, Aase SO, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftesol T (2008) Automatic identification of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 55(1):60\u201368","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"1892_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.08.017","volume":"84","author":"G Ristagno","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ristagno G, Li Y, Fumagalli F, Finzi A, Quan W (2013) Amplitude spectrum area to guide resuscitation\u2014a retrospective analysis during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 609 patients with ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 84(12):1697\u20131703","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1892_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2006.07.029","volume":"73","author":"JC Rittenberger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rittenberger JC, Menegazzi JJ, Callaway CW (2007) Association of delay to first intervention with return of spontaneous circulation in a swine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 73(1):154\u2013 160","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"1892_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.05.020","volume":"84","author":"J Ruiz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruiz J, Alonso E, Aramendi E, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftest\u00f8l T, Ayala U, Gonz\u00e1lez-Otero D (2013) Reliable extraction of the circulation component in the thoracic impedance measured by defibrillation pads. Resuscitation 84(10):1345\u20131352","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"1892_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.07.016","volume":"95","author":"J Soar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soar J, Nolan JP, B\u00f6ttiger BW, Perkins G D, Lott C, Carli P, Pellis T, Sandroni C, Skrifvars M B, Smith GB et al (2015) European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: section 3. adult advanced life support. Resuscitation 95:100\u2013147","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1892_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2008.10.002","volume":"80","author":"J Tibballs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tibballs J, Russell P (2009) Reliability of pulse palpation by healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 80(1):61\u201364","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"1892_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3308","volume":"96","author":"TD Valenzuela","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Cretin S, Spaite DW, Larsen MP (1997) Estimating effectiveness of cardiac arrest interventions a logistic regression survival model. Circulation 96(10):3308\u20133313","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"1892_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189217","volume":"12","author":"L Wei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wei L, Chen G, Yang Z, Yu T, Quan W, Li Y (2017) Detection of spontaneous pulse using the acceleration signals acquired from cpr feedback sensor in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. PloS one 12(12):e0189217","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"1892_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2013.07.019","volume":"84","author":"RW Wijshoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wijshoff RW, van der Sar T, Peeters WH, Bezemer R, Aelen P, Paulussen IW, Ordelman SC, Venema A, van Berkom PF, Aarts RM et al (2013) Detection of a spontaneous pulse in photoplethysmograms during automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model. Resuscitation 84(11):1625\u20131632","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"1892_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.12.013","volume":"112","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhan H, Lu Y, Guan K, Okoro N, Mitchell D, Dwyer M, Leatham A, Salazar G, Liao X et al (2017) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without return of spontaneous circulation in the field: Who are the survivors? Resuscitation 112:28\u201333","journal-title":"Resuscitation"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T02:45:01Z","timestamp":1569206701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-018-1892-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The CPR process files used in this study were collected as part of an effort to develop an airway check algorithm using the capnography signal. Since these raw data files have no identifying information, the Institutional Review Board at the Oregon Health & Science University determined that the proposed activity is not human subject research because the proposed activity does not meet the definition of human subject per 45 CFR 46.102(f).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}