{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:44:20Z","timestamp":1768790660148,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871360."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871360."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1574334188000},"page":"101-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative assessment of lower limbs gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy based on surface EMG and inertial sensors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2006.886346","volume":"9","author":"FI Bashir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bashir FI, Khokhar AA, Schonfeld D (2007) Real-time motion trajectory-based indexing and retrieval of video sequences. IEEE Trans Multimed 9:58\u201365","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"key":"2076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.04.030","volume":"198","author":"DM Bojanic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bojanic DM, Petrovacki-Balj BD, Jorgovanovic ND, Ilic VR (2011) Quantification of dynamic EMG patterns during gait in children with cerebral palsy. J Neurosci Methods 198:325\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.04.030","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.08.029","volume":"39","author":"AB Bourgeois","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bourgeois AB, Mariani B, Aminian K, Zambelli P, Newman C (2014) Spatio-temporal gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy using, foot-worn inertial sensors. Gait Posture 39:436\u2013442","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00013-P","volume":"28","author":"H Bunke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bunke H, Roth M, Schukat-Talamazzini EG (1995) Off-line cursive handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models. Pattern Recogn 28:1399\u20131413","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"2076_CR5","volume-title":"Quantitative analysis of upper limb function among children with cerebral palsy during a reach and grasp cycle","author":"EE Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler EE (2011) Quantitative analysis of upper limb function among children with cerebral palsy during a reach and grasp cycle. Stanford University, Stanford"},{"key":"2076_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41142-2_38","volume-title":"Paediatric Orthopaedics","author":"C Carpenter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carpenter C, Bass A (2017) The value of gait analysis in decision making about surgical treatment of cerebral palsy. In: Paediatric Orthopaedics. Springer, Berlin, pp 361\u2013367"},{"key":"2076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2226905","volume":"17","author":"J Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng J, Chen X, Shen M (2013) A framework for daily activity monitoring and fall detection based on surface electromyography and accelerometer signals. IEEE J Biomed Health Informa 17:38\u201345","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Informa"},{"key":"2076_CR8","first-page":"154","volume":"8","author":"W Cools","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cools W, De Martelaer K, Samaey C, Andries C (2009) Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools. J Sports Sci Med 8:154","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"2076_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25055","DOI":"10.3390\/s151025055","volume":"15","author":"H Dai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dai H, Zhang P, Lueth T (2015) Quantitative assessment of parkinsonian tremor based on an inertial measurement unit. Sensors 15:25055\u201325071","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2076_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"J Diebel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diebel J (2006) Representing attitude: Euler angles, unit quaternions, and rotation vectors. Matrix 58:1\u201335","journal-title":"Matrix"},{"key":"2076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2008.4650766","volume-title":"2008 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","author":"M Euston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Euston M, Coote P, Mahony R, Kim J, Hamel T (2008) A complementary filter for attitude estimation of a fixed-wing UAV. In: 2008 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 340\u2013345"},{"key":"2076_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.02.006","volume":"36","author":"E Fortune","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fortune E, Lugade V, Morrow M, Kaufman K (2014) Validity of using tri-axial accelerometers to measure human movement\u2014part II: step counts at a wide range of gait velocities. Med Eng Phys 36:659\u2013669","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"2076_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.10.062","volume":"39","author":"RM Gibson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gibson RM, Amira A, Ramzan N, Casaseca-de-la-Higuera P, Pervez Z (2016) Multiple comparator classifier framework for accelerometer-based fall detection and diagnostic. Appl Soft Comput 39:94\u2013103","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"2076_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","volume":"10","author":"HJ Hermens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G (2000) Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 10:361\u2013374","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"2076_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.01.003","volume":"28","author":"M Kangas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kangas M, Konttila A, Lindgren P, Winblad I, J\u00e4ms\u00e4 T (2008) Comparison of low-complexity fall detection algorithms for body attached accelerometers. Gait Posture 28:285\u2013291","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2076_CR16","unstructured":"Koshmak G, Loutfi A, Linden M (2016) Challenges and issues in multisensor fusion approach for fall detection. J Sensors 2016"},{"key":"2076_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim D, Park C, Kim NH, Kim S-H, Yu YS (2014) Fall-detection algorithm using 3-axis acceleration: combination with simple threshold and hidden Markov model. J Appl Math 2014","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/896030"},{"key":"2076_CR18","volume-title":"Acceleration, velocity and displacement spectra omega arithmetic","author":"C Mercer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mercer C (2006) Acceleration, velocity and displacement spectra omega arithmetic. Prosig signal processing tutorials"},{"key":"2076_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x","volume":"39","author":"R Palisano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B (1997) Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 39:214\u2013223","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2076_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.038","volume":"87","author":"ES Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park ES, Kim HW, Park CI, D-w R, Park CW (2006) Dynamic foot pressure measurements for assessing foot deformity in persons with spastic cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87:703\u2013709","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2076_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5626156","volume-title":"2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology","author":"A Parnandi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parnandi A, Wade E, Matari\u0107 M (2010) Motor function assessment using wearable inertial sensors. In: 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 86\u201389"},{"key":"2076_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6858","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5626446","volume-title":"2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology","author":"S Patel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patel S, Hughes R, Hester T, Stein J, Akay M, Dy J, Bonato P (2010) Tracking motor recovery in stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation using wearable technology. In: 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 6858\u20136861"},{"key":"2076_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092767","volume":"18","author":"E Repnik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Repnik E, Puh U, Goljar N, Munih M, Mihelj M (2018) Using inertial measurement units and electromyography to quantify movement during action research arm test execution. Sensors 18:2767","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2076_CR24","volume-title":"Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) user\u2019s manual","author":"DJ Russell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Russell DJ, Rosenbaum PL, Wright M, Avery LM (2002) Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 & GMFM-88) user\u2019s manual, vol 159. Mac Keith, London"},{"key":"2076_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12485","volume":"56","author":"R Saether","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saether R, Adde L, Helbostad J, Braendvik S, Lydersen S, Vik T (2014) Gait characteristics in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy assessed with a trunk-worn accelerometer: sp46. Dev Med Child Neurol 56:30","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2076_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000132","volume":"48","author":"VA Scholtes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scholtes VA, Becher JG, Beelen A, Lankhorst GJ (2006) Clinical assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a critical review of available instruments. Dev Med Child Neurol 48:64\u201373","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2076_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.3390\/s140406891","volume":"14","author":"T Seel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seel T, Raisch J, Schauer T (2014) IMU-based joint angle measurement for gait analysis. Sensors 14:6891\u20136909","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2076_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00388","volume":"8","author":"S Spasojevi\u0107","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spasojevi\u0107 S, Ili\u0107 TV, Stojkovi\u0107 I, Potkonjak V, Rodi\u0107 A, Santos-Victor J (2017) Quantitative assessment of the arm\/hand movements in Parkinson\u2019s disease using a wireless armband device. Front Neurol 8:388","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2076_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411499111","volume":"111","author":"L Tang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tang L, Yang X, Yin Q, Cai K, Wang H, Chaudhury I, Yao C, Zhou Q, Kwon M, Hartman JA (2014) Investigating the optimal size of anticancer nanomedicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:15344\u201315349","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2076_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046017","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/12\/4\/046017","volume":"12","author":"L Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang L, Li F, Cao S, Zhang X, Wu D, Chen X (2015) Muscle synergy analysis in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Neural Engineering 12:046017","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Engineering"},{"key":"2076_CR31","first-page":"130","volume":"11","author":"L Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang L, Chen X, Cao S, Wu D, Zhao G, Zhang X (2017) Assessment of upper limb motor dysfunction for children with cerebral palsy based on muscle synergy analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 11:130","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2076_CR32","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2010 4th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare","author":"E Wade","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wade E, Parnandi AR, Mataric MJ (2010) Automated administration of the wolf motor function test for post-stroke assessment. In: 2010 4th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"2076_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBM.2014.6999238","volume-title":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","author":"S Weng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weng S, Xiang L, Tang W, Yang H, Zheng L, Lu H, Zheng H (2014) A low power and high accuracy MEMS sensor based activity recognition algorithm. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, Piscataway, pp 33\u201338"},{"key":"2076_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2514\/3.19988","volume":"8","author":"B Wie","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wie B, Barba PM (1985) Quaternion feedback for spacecraft large angle maneuvers. J Guid Control Dyn 8:360\u2013365","journal-title":"J Guid Control Dyn"},{"key":"2076_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6997","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2589660","volume":"16","author":"J Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu J, Zhou Z, Chen J, Fourati H, Li R (2016) Fast complementary filter for attitude estimation using low-cost MARG sensors. IEEE Sensors J 16:6997\u20137007","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"key":"2076_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2011.2116004","volume":"41","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Chen X, Li Y, Lantz V, Wang K, Yang J (2011) A framework for hand gesture recognition based on accelerometer and EMG sensors. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet A Syst Hum 41:1064\u20131076","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybernet A Syst Hum"},{"key":"2076_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCA.2010.2093883","volume":"41","author":"C Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu C, Sheng W (2011) Wearable sensor-based hand gesture and daily activity recognition for robot-assisted living. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans 41:569\u2013573","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and Humans"},{"key":"2076_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-011-0808-1","volume":"49","author":"L Zollo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zollo L, Rossini L, Bravi M, Magrone G, Sterzi S, Guglielmelli E (2011) Quantitative evaluation of upper-limb motor control in robot-aided rehabilitation. Med Biol Eng Comput 49:1131","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T02:05:30Z","timestamp":1605837930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-019-02076-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Each participant signed an informed consent form before commencing the experiment, which was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Anhui Medical University (No. PJ2014-08-04).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}