{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T08:13:54Z","timestamp":1692864834737},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]],"date-time":"2020-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]],"date-time":"2020-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the China National Key Research and Development","award":["2016YFC0103400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0103400"]}]},{"name":"the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province","award":["TS201712065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TS201712065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal has been commonly used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe the activity in different areas of the brain or other organs. This signal is difficult to simulate, because its amplitude is nearly 1~3% and it is influenced by multiple factors. This study aimed to design and construct an active BOLD simulation phantom and test its stability and repeatability. The phantom consisted of two perpendicular loops. The BOLD signal was simulated by different stimuli generated by a regular periodic vibration current and transmission loops. Three scanners (Siemens skyra 3.0\u00a0T, Siemens verio 3.0\u00a0T, and GE signa HD 1.5\u00a0T) were used to test the stability and repeatability of the BOLD signal detection of the phantom. The percent signal change (PSC) was calculated for each stimulus. At baseline, the phantom exhibited stability, and the average signal variation was below 1% as revealed by the three scanners. The SNR of ROIs with different sizes were markedly high, being 2326.58 and 2389.24; and the ghosting ratio were 0.39% and 0.38%, and the stimuli detection efficiency for Siemens verio and Siemens skyra was 60% and 75%, respectively. The repeated scans of the same scanner for different stimuli were highly reproducible. In the three scanners, the PSC at the same location varied from nearly 1 to 3%. The areas activated on the phantom revealed by different scanners were comparatively consistent. The phantom designed for fMRI quantitative quality control displays good adaptability to different scanners and is easy to operate. It can reliably collect data by simple data processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]],"date-time":"2020-02-08T03:02:28Z","timestamp":1581130948000},"page":"831-842","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BOLD signal simulation and fMRI quality control base on an active phantom: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chuntao","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2133_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86\u2013e","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02467.x","volume":"16","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jellinger KA (2010) Clinical applications of functional brain MRI. Eur J Neurol 16(4):e86\u2013e","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2133_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.11.032","volume":"45","author":"J Liau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liau J, Liu TT (2009) Inter-subject variability in hypercapnic normalization of the BOLD fMRI response. Neuroimage. 45(2):420\u2013430","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"4","key":"2133_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.11.029","volume":"21","author":"DA Handwerker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Handwerker DA, Ollinger JM, Mark DE (2004) Variation of BOLD hemodynamic responses across subjects and brain regions and their effects on statistical analyses. Neuroimage. 21(4):1639\u20131651","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"28","key":"2133_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1602413113","volume":"113","author":"A Eklund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund A, Nichols TE, Knutsson H (2016) Cluster failure: why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(28):7900\u20137905","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2133_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.10.044","volume":"35","author":"O Leontiev","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leontiev O, Buxton RB (2007) Reproducibility of BOLD, perfusion, and CMRO measurements with calibrated-BOLD fMRI. Neuroimage. 35(1):175\u2013184","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"2133_CR6","unstructured":"Chueh JY, Marel KVD, Gounis MJ, Lematty T, Brown TR, Ansari SA et al (2017) Development of a high resolution MRI intracranial atherosclerosis imaging phantom. J Neurointerv Surg:neurintsurg-2016-012974"},{"key":"2133_CR7","unstructured":"Glick SJ, Ikejimba LC Advances in digital and physical anthropomorphic breast phantoms for X-ray imaging. Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2133_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12062","volume":"44","author":"LC Ikejimba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikejimba LC, Graff CG, Rosenthal S, Badal A, Ghammraoui B, Lo JY, Glick SJ (2017) A novel physical anthropomorphic breast phantom for 2D and 3D x-ray imaging. Med Phys 44(2):407\u2013416","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"2133_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.12.012","volume":"24","author":"H Cheng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheng H, Zhao Q, Duensing GR, Edelstein WA, Spencer D, Browne N, Saylor C, Limkeman M (2006) SmartPhantom \u2014 an fMRI simulator. Magn Reson Imaging 24(3):301\u2013313","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2133_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.03.052","volume":"32","author":"AB Berengere","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berengere AB, Evans AC, Louis C (2006) A new improved version of the realistic digital brain phantom. Neuroimage. 32(1):138\u2013145","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"6","key":"2133_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20583","volume":"23","author":"L Friedman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Friedman L, Glover GH (2010) Report on a multicenter fMRI quality assurance protocol. J Magn Reson Imaging 23(6):827\u2013839","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2133_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2007.06.010","volume":"26","author":"J Olsrud","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olsrud J, Nilsson A, Mannfolk P, Waites A, St\u00e5hlberg F (2008) A two-compartment gel phantom for optimization and quality assurance in clinical BOLD fMRI. Magn Reson Imaging 26(2):279\u2013286","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2133_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.07.012","volume":"24","author":"V Renvall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Renvall V, Joensuu R, Hari R (2006) Functional phantom for fMRI: a feasibility study. Magn Reson Imaging 24(3):315\u2013320","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2133_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1998.1680","volume":"137","author":"J Bodurka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bodurka J, Jesmanowicz A, Hyde JS, Xu H, Estkowski L, Li SJ (1999) Current-induced magnetic resonance phase imaging \u2606. J Magn Reson 137(1):265\u2013271","journal-title":"J Magn Reson"},{"issue":"3","key":"2133_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-006-0035-1","volume":"19","author":"R Huang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huang R, Posnansky O, Celik A, Oros-Peusquens AM, Ermer V, Irkens M, Wegener HP, Shah NJ (2006) Measurement of weak electric currents in copper wire phantoms using MRI: influence of susceptibility enhancement. Magma. 19(3):124\u2013133","journal-title":"Magma."},{"issue":"12","key":"2133_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3662865","volume":"38","author":"A Volkan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Volkan A, Ergin A (2011) Modeling of radio-frequency induced currents on lead wires during MR imaging using a modified transmission line method. Med Phys 38(12):6623\u20136632","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2133_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.033","volume":"22","author":"O Friman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friman O, Borga M, Lundberg P, Knutsson H (2004) Detection and detrending in fMRI data analysis. Neuroimage. 22(2):645\u2013655","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"5","key":"2133_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25050","volume":"72","author":"RJ Anderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anderson RJ, Poser BA, V Andrew S. (2015) Simultaneous multislice spectral-spatial excitations for reduced signal loss susceptibility artifact in BOLD functional MRI. Magn Reson Med Off J Soc Magn Reson Med 72(5):1342\u20131352","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Off J Soc Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2133_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00347-1","volume":"20","author":"W Richter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richter W, Richter M (2003) The shape of the fMRI BOLD response in children and adults changes systematically with age. Neuroimage. 20(2):1122\u20131131","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"12","key":"2133_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143172","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143172","volume":"10","author":"DA Tovar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tovar DA, Wang Z, Rajan SS (2015) A rotational cylindrical fMRI phantom for image quality control. PLoS One 10(12):e0143172","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T02:47:18Z","timestamp":1612838838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02133-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants signed an informed consent to publish their data and images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}