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However, the method is known to be inaccurate. Therefore, an adjusted Bernoulli model for accurate TPG assessment was developed and evaluated. Numerical simulations were used to calculate TPG<jats:sub>CFD<\/jats:sub> in patient-specific geometries of aortic stenosis as ground truth. Geometries, aortic valve areas (AVA), and flow rates were derived from computed tomography scans. Simulations were divided in a training data set (135 cases) and a test data set (36 cases). The training data was used to fit an adjusted Bernoulli model as a function of AVA and flow rate. The model-predicted TPG<jats:sub>Model<\/jats:sub> was evaluated using the test data set and also compared against the common Bernoulli equation (TPG<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>). TPG<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> and TPG<jats:sub>Model<\/jats:sub> both correlated well with TPG<jats:sub>CFD<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.94), but significantly overestimated it. The average difference between TPG<jats:sub>Model<\/jats:sub> and TPG<jats:sub>CFD<\/jats:sub> was much lower: 3.3\u00a0mmHg vs. 17.3\u00a0mmHg between TPG<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> and TPG<jats:sub>CFD<\/jats:sub>. Also, the standard error of estimate was lower for the adjusted model: SEE<jats:sub>Model<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20095.3\u00a0mmHg vs. SEE<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200922.3\u00a0mmHg. The adjusted model\u2019s performance was more accurate than that of the conventional Bernoulli equation. The model might help to improve non-invasive assessment of TPG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02186-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T01:02:42Z","timestamp":1590454962000},"page":"1667-1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Towards improving the accuracy of aortic transvalvular pressure gradients: rethinking Bernoulli"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8742-3150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Franke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Weese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Waechter-Stehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Br\u00fcning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kuehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Goubergrits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2186_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840500180799","volume":"8","author":"F Abraham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abraham F, Behr M, Henkenschloss M (2005) Shape optimization in steady blood flow: a numerical study of non-Newtonian effects. 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