{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:27:13Z","timestamp":1781796433786,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["11432016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11432016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11602172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11602172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11602063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11602063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["18ZDYF1362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18ZDYF1362"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:02:15Z","timestamp":1590624135000},"page":"1695-1705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The effect of follower load on the range of motion, facet joint force, and intradiscal pressure of the cervical spine: a finite element study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Xin-Yi","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Xi","family":"YuChi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Fei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Jun","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2189_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006150-00015","volume":"25","author":"AG Patwardhan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Patwardhan AG, Havey RM, Ghanayem AJ, Diener H, Meade KP, Dunlap B, Hodges SD (2000) Load-carrying capacity of the human cervical spine in compression is increased under a follower load. Spine 25(12):1548\u20131554","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00057-0","volume":"13","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Grauer J, Babat LB, Dvorak J (1998) Critical load of the human cervical spine: an in vitro experimental study. Clin Biomech 13(1):11\u201317","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR3","first-page":"72","volume":"18","author":"H-W Ng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ng H-W, Teo E-C (2005) Influence of preload magnitudes and orientation angles on the cervical biomechanics: a finite element study. Clin Spine Surg 18(1):72\u201379","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1085-7","volume":"18","author":"MA Finn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Finn MA, Brodke DS, Daubs M, Patel A, Bachus KN (2009) Local and global subaxial cervical spine biomechanics after single-level fusion or cervical arthroplasty. Eur Spine J 18(10):1520\u20131527","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181fd5d7c","volume":"36","author":"MA Finn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finn MA, Samuelson MM, Bishop F, Bachus KN, Brodke DS (2011) Two-level noncontiguous versus three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a biomechanical comparison. Spine 36(6):448\u2013453","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318188386a","volume":"34","author":"O Paxinos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paxinos O, Ghanayem AJ, Zindrick MR, Voronov LI, Havey RM, Carandang G, Hadjipavlou A, Patwardhan AG (2009) Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a locked plate and wedged graft effectively stabilizes flexion-distraction stage-3 injury in the lower cervical spine: a biomechanical study. Spine 34(1):E9\u2013E15","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"26","key":"2189_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cd482","volume":"32","author":"JT Snyder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snyder JT, Tzermiadianos MN, Ghanayem AJ, Voronov LI, Rinella A, Dooris A, Carandang G, Renner SM, Havey RM, Patwardhan AG (2007) Effect of uncovertebral joint excision on the motion response of the cervical spine after total disc replacement. Spine 32(26):2965\u20132969","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f5cb87","volume":"36","author":"S-H Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee S-H, Im Y-J, Kim K-T, Kim Y-H, Park W-M, Kim K (2011) Comparison of cervical spine biomechanics after fixed-and mobile-core artificial disc replacement: a finite element analysis. Spine 36(9):700\u2013708","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"2189_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199905150-00014","volume":"24","author":"AG Patwardhan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Patwardhan AG, Havey RM, Meade KP, Lee B, Dunlap B (1999) A follower load increases the load-carrying capacity of the lumbar spine in compression. Spine 24(10):1003\u20131009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"2189_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01363","volume":"88","author":"VK Goel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goel VK, Panjabi MM, Patwardhan AG, Dooris AP, Serhan H (2006) Test protocols for evaluation of spinal implants. JBJS 88(suppl_2):103\u2013109","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.022","volume":"39","author":"A Shirazi-Adl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shirazi-Adl A (2006) Analysis of large compression loads on lumbar spine in flexion and in torsion using a novel wrapping element. J Biomech 39(2):267\u2013275","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"24","key":"2189_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E557","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112150-00014","volume":"26","author":"A Rohlmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rohlmann A, Neller S, Claes L, Bergmann G, Wilke H-J (2001) Influence of a follower load on intradiscal pressure and intersegmental rotation of the lumbar spine. Spine 26(24):E557\u2013E561","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2189_CR13","unstructured":"Cripton P (2000) The effects of physiologic compressive preload on the in vitro flexibility of the lower cervical spine. Proceedings of the Cervical Spine Research Society Charleston, SC"},{"key":"2189_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.05.031","volume":"76","author":"KM Bell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bell KM, Yan Y, Hartman RA, Lee JY (2018) Influence of follower load application on moment-rotation parameters and intradiscal pressure in the cervical spine. J Biomech 76:167\u2013172","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"24","key":"2189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000147739.42354.a9","volume":"29","author":"CM Puttlitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Puttlitz CM, Rousseau MA, Xu Z, Hu S, Tay BK, Lotz JC (2004) Intervertebral disc replacement maintains cervical spine kinetics. Spine 29(24):2809\u20132814","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1625-2","volume":"25","author":"C Barrey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barrey C (2015) Rousseau M-a, Persohn S, Campana S, Perrin G, Skalli W: Relevance of using a compressive preload in the cervical spine: an experimental and numerical simulating investigation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 25(1):155\u2013165","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2189_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B3.6447702","volume":"62","author":"MA Adams","year":"1980","unstructured":"Adams MA, Hutton W (1980) The effect of posture on the role of the apophysial joints in resisting intervertebral compressive forces. J Bone Joint Surg Br Vol 62(3):358\u2013362","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br Vol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2189_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90281-8","volume":"20","author":"A Shirazi-Adl","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shirazi-Adl A, Drouin G (1987) Load-bearing role of facets in a lumbar segment under sagittal plane loadings. J Biomech 20(6):601\u2013613","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"2189_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90006-Z","volume":"26","author":"MJ Schendel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schendel MJ, Wood KB, Buttermann GR, Lewis JJ, Ogilvie JW (1993) Experimental measurement of ligament force, facet force, and segment motion in the human lumbar spine. J Biomech 26(4-5):427\u2013438","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"2189_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138683","volume":"109","author":"V Goel","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goel V, Winterbottom J, Weinstein JN, Kim Y (1987) Load sharing among spinal elements of a motion segment in extension and lateral bending. J Biomech Eng 109(4):291\u2013297","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-151","volume":"11","author":"C-S Kuo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuo C-S, Hu H-T, Lin R-M, Huang K-Y, Lin P-C, Zhong Z-C, Hseih M-L (2010) Biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine on facet joint force and intradiscal pressure-a finite element study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 11(1):151","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-07\/07\/033","volume":"7","author":"U-K Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang U-K, Kim DH, Lee MC, Willenberg R, Kim S-H, Lim J (2007) Changes in adjacent-level disc pressure and facet joint force after cervical arthroplasty compared with cervical discectomy and fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 7(1):33\u201339","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2189_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai XY, Sang D, Yuchi CX et al (2019) Using finite element analysis to determine effects of the motion loading method on facet joint forces after cervical disc degeneration. Comput Biol Med 103519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103519"},{"issue":"12","key":"2189_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.09.012","volume":"10","author":"M Hussain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hussain M, Natarajan RN, An HS, Andersson GBJ (2010) Reduction in segmental flexibility because of disc degeneration is accompanied by higher changes in facet loads than changes in disc pressure: a poroelastic C5\u2013C6 finite element investigation. Spine J 10(12):1069\u20131077","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2189_CR25","first-page":"218","volume":"25","author":"M Hussain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hussain M, Natarajan RN, Chaudhary G et al (2012) Posterior facet load changes in adjacent segments due to moderate and severe degeneration in C5-C6 disc: a poroelastic C3-T1 finite element model study. Clin Spine Surg 25(4):218\u2013225","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0980-4","volume":"17","author":"C-F Du","year":"2016","unstructured":"Du C-F, Yang N, Guo J-C, Huang Y-P, Zhang C (2016) Biomechanical response of lumbar facet joints under follower preload: a finite element study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17(1):126","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2189_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4777-9","volume":"26","author":"Z Mo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mo Z, Li Q, Jia Z, Yang J, Wong DW-C, Fan Y (2017) Biomechanical consideration of prosthesis selection in hybrid surgery for bi-level cervical disc degenerative diseases. Eur Spine J 26(4):1181\u20131190","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2189_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00005","volume":"24","author":"HJ Wilke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilke HJ, Neef P, Caimi M, Hoogland T, Claes LE (1999) New in vivo measurements of pressures in the intervertebral disc in daily life. Spine 24(8):755\u2013762","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"14","key":"2189_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.08.003","volume":"49","author":"HL Sis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sis HL, Mannen EM, Wong BM, Cadel ES, Bouxsein ML, Anderson DE, Friis EA (2016) Effect of follower load on motion and stiffness of the human thoracic spine with intact rib cage. J Biomech 49(14):3252\u20133259","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"2189_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.02.038","volume":"49","author":"DE Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson DE, Mannen EM, Sis HL, Wong BM, Cadel ES, Friis EA, Bouxsein ML (2016) Effects of follower load and rib cage on intervertebral disc pressure and sagittal plane curvature in static tests of cadaveric thoracic spines. J Biomech 49(7):1078\u20131084","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2189_CR31","first-page":"568","volume":"119","author":"S Hattori","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hattori S (1981) Cervical intradiscal pressure in movements and traction of the cervical spine. Z Orthop 119:568\u2013569","journal-title":"Z Orthop"},{"key":"2189_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.05.025","volume":"128","author":"C-X Yuchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuchi C-X, Sun G, Chen C, Liu G, Zhao D, Yang H, Xu B, Deng S, Ma X, Du C-F (2019) Comparison of the Biomechanical Changes After Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Discectomy versus Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy at C5-C6: A Finite Element-Based Study. World Neurosurg 128:e905\u2013e911","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2189_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00003","volume":"56","author":"KL Markolf","year":"1974","unstructured":"Markolf KL, Morris JM (1974) The structural components of the intervertebral disc: a study of their contributions to the ability of the disc to withstand compressive forces. JBJS 56(4):675\u2013687","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2189_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199803150-00008","volume":"23","author":"VK Goel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goel VK, Clausen JD (1998) Prediction of load sharing among spinal components of a C5-C6 motion segment using the finite element approach. Spine 23(6):684\u2013691","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"11","key":"2189_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.06.019","volume":"16","author":"C-C Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu C-C, Liu P, Huang D-G, Jiang Y-H, Feng H, Hao D-J (2016) A new cervical artificial disc prosthesis based on physiological curvature of end plate: a finite element analysis. Spine J 16(11):1384\u20131391","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2189_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.01.007","volume":"16","author":"W Womack","year":"2008","unstructured":"Womack W, Woldtvedt D, Puttlitz C (2008) Lower cervical spine facet cartilage thickness mapping. Osteoarthr Cartil 16(9):1018\u20131023","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"25","key":"2189_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E959","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000248126.96737.0f","volume":"31","author":"F Schwab","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schwab F, Lafage V, Boyce R, Skalli W, Farcy J-P (2006) Gravity line analysis in adult volunteers: age-related correlation with spinal parameters, pelvic parameters, and foot position. Spine 31(25):E959\u2013E967","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"13","key":"2189_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.06.027","volume":"49","author":"Z Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zhao H, Liu J-m, Tan L-w, Liu P, Zhao J-h (2016) Resection or degeneration of uncovertebral joints altered the segmental kinematics and load-sharing pattern of subaxial cervical spine: A biomechanical investigation using a C2\u2013T1 finite element model. J Biomech 49(13):2854\u20132862","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"9","key":"2189_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198611000-00012","volume":"11","author":"A Shirazi-Adl","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shirazi-Adl A, Ahmed AM, Shrivastava SC (1986) Mechanical response of a lumbar motion segment in axial torque alone and combined with compression. Spine 11(9):914\u2013927","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2189_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1322034","volume":"122","author":"N Yoganandan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA (2000) Geometric and mechanical properties of human cervical spine ligaments. J Biomech Eng 122(6):623\u2013629","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"2189_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du C-F, Guo J-C, Huang Y-P, Fan Y-B (2015) A new method for determining the effect of follower load on the range of motions in the lumbar spine. In: World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, June 7-12, 2015, Toronto, Canada. Springer, pp 326-329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19387-8_78"},{"issue":"5","key":"2189_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.03.001","volume":"32","author":"N Kallemeyn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kallemeyn N, Gandhi A, Kode S, Shivanna K, Smucker J, Grosland N (2010) Validation of a C2\u2013C7 cervical spine finite element model using specimen-specific flexibility data. Med Eng Phys 32(5):482\u2013489","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.014","volume":"39","author":"JA Wheeldon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wheeldon JA, Pintar FA, Knowles S, Yoganandan N (2006) Experimental flexion\/extension data corridors for validation of finite element models of the young, normal cervical spine. J Biomech 39(2):375\u2013380","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"24","key":"2189_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112150-00012","volume":"26","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, Oda T, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Shin E (2001) Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load\u2013displacement curves. Spine 26(24):2692\u20132700","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.1.0096","volume":"79","author":"VC Traynelis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Traynelis VC, Donaher PA, Roach RM, Kojimoto H, Goel VK (1993) Biomechanical comparison of anterior Caspar plate and three-level posterior fixation techniques in a human cadaveric model. J Neurosurg 79(1):96\u2013103","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2189_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200705000-00020","volume":"89","author":"N Yoganandan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Wolfla CE, Shender BS, Paskoff G (2007) Level-dependent coronal and axial moment-rotation corridors of degeneration-free cervical spines in lateral flexion. JBJS 89(5):1066\u20131074","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"5","key":"2189_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181657f67","volume":"33","author":"N Yoganandan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yoganandan N, Stemper BD, Pintar FA, Baisden JL, Shender BS, Paskoff G (2008) Normative segment-specific axial and coronal angulation corridors of subaxial cervical column in axial rotation. Spine 33(5):490\u2013496","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2189_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2425-3","volume":"20","author":"T Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu T, Meng Y, Wang B, Rong X, Hong Y, Ding C, Chen H, Liu H (2019) Biomechanics following skip-level cervical disc arthroplasty versus skip-level cervical discectomy and fusion: a finite element-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20(1):49","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"2189_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.07.009","volume":"17","author":"X Rong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rong X, Wang B, Ding C, Deng Y, Chen H, Meng Y, Yan W, Liu H (2017) The biomechanical impact of facet tropism on the intervertebral disc and facet joints in the cervical spine. Spine J 17(12):1926\u20131931","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR50","first-page":"117","volume":"16","author":"RR Pelker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pelker RR, Duranceau JS, Panjabi MM (1991) Cervical spine stabilization. A three-dimensional, biomechanical evaluation of rotational stability, strength, and failure mechanisms. Spine 16(2):117\u2013122","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2189_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90285-0","volume":"21","author":"SP Moroney","year":"1988","unstructured":"Moroney SP, Schultz AB, Miller JA, Andersson GB (1988) Load-displacement properties of lower cervical spine motion segments. J Biomech 21(9):769\u2013779","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"2189_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00145-7","volume":"33","author":"PA Cripton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cripton PA, Bruehlmann SB, Orr TE, Oxland TR, Nolte L-P (2000) In vitro axial preload application during spine flexibility testing: towards reduced apparatus-related artefacts. J Biomech 33(12):1559\u20131568","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"8","key":"2189_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.03.010","volume":"44","author":"K Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim K, Kim YH, Lee S (2011) Investigation of optimal follower load path generated by trunk muscle coordination. J Biomech 44(8):1614\u20131617","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199002000-00012","volume":"15","author":"D Butler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Butler D, Trafimow JH, Andersson GB et al (1990) Discs degenerate before facets. Spine 15(2):111\u2013113","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0708-9","volume":"49","author":"JG Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang JG, Wang F, Zhou R, Xue Q (2011) A three-dimensional finite element model of the cervical spine: an investigation of whiplash injury. Med Biol Eng Comput 49(2):193\u2013201","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"2189_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2011.08.014","volume":"34","author":"M Hussain","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hussain M, Natarajan RN, An HS, Andersson GBJ (2012) Progressive disc degeneration at C5\u2013C6 segment affects the mechanics between disc heights and posterior facets above and below the degenerated segment: A flexion\u2013extension investigation using a poroelastic C3\u2013T1 finite element model. Med Eng Phys 34(5):552\u2013558","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2189_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199902000-00078","volume":"44","author":"J Pospiech","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pospiech J, Stolke D, Wilke HJ, Claes LE (1999) Intradiscal pressure recordings in the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 44(2):379\u2013384","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:54:02Z","timestamp":1622163242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-020-02189-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}