{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:18:21Z","timestamp":1770419901083,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007210","name":"RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007210","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physics-based analyses have the potential to consolidate and substantiate medical diagnoses in rhinology. Such methods are frequently subject to intense investigations in research. However, they are not used in clinical applications, yet. One issue preventing their direct integration is that these methods are commonly developed as isolated solutions which do not consider the whole chain of data processing from initial medical to higher valued data. This manuscript presents a workflow that incorporates the whole data processing pipeline based on a  environment. Therefore, medical image data are fully automatically pre-processed by machine learning algorithms. The resulting geometries employed for the simulations on high-performance computing systems reach an accuracy of up to 99.5% compared to manually segmented geometries. Additionally, the user is enabled to upload and visualize 4-phase rhinomanometry data. Subsequent analysis and visualization of the simulation outcome extend the results of standardized diagnostic methods by a physically sound interpretation. Along with a detailed presentation of the methodologies, the capabilities of the workflow are demonstrated by evaluating an exemplary medical case. The pipeline output is compared to 4-phase rhinomanometry data. The comparison underlines the functionality of the pipeline. However, it also illustrates the influence of mucosa swelling on the simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T23:02:27Z","timestamp":1640300547000},"page":"365-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["An effective simulation- and measurement-based workflow for enhanced diagnostics in rhinology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7895-761X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Waldmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Grosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Witzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Odo","family":"Benda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens Henrik","family":"G\u00f6bbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Lintermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2446_CR1","first-page":"36","volume":"1","author":"N Achilles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Achilles N, Pasch N, Lintermann A, Schro\u0307der W, Mo\u0307,sges R (2013) Computational fluid dynamics: a suitable assessment tool for demonstrating the antiobstructive effect of drugs in the therapy of allergic rhinitis. Acta otorhinolaryngol Itali organ ufficiale della Soc italian otorinolaringol chirurgia cervico-facciale 1:36\u201342","journal-title":"Acta otorhinolaryngol Itali organ ufficiale della Soc italian otorinolaringol chirurgia cervico-facciale"},{"key":"2446_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bates AJ, Doorly DJ, Cetto R, Calmet H, Gambaruto AM, Tolley NS, Houzeaux G, Schroter RC (2014) Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation. J R Soc Interface 12(102):20140880\u201320140880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2014.0880","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0880"},{"issue":"3","key":"2446_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.94.511","volume":"94","author":"PL Bhatnagar","year":"1954","unstructured":"Bhatnagar PL, Gross EP, Krook M (1954) A model for collision processes in gases. I. small amplitude processes in charged and neutral one-component systems. Phys Rev 94 (3):511\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRev.94.511","journal-title":"Phys Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"2446_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1399290","volume":"13","author":"M Bouzidi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bouzidi M, Firdaouss M, Lallemand P (2001) M,omentum transfer of a Boltzmann-lattice fluid with boundaries. Phys Fluids 13(11):3452\u20133459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1399290","journal-title":"Phys Fluids"},{"issue":"8","key":"2446_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4611-y","volume":"274","author":"MA Burgos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgos MA, Sanmiguel-Rojas E, del Pino C, Sevilla-Garc\u00eda MA, Esteban-Ortega F (2017) New cfd tools to evaluate nasal airflow. Eur Arch Otorhinol 274(8):3121\u20133128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-017-4611-y","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinol"},{"key":"2446_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2015.12.003","volume":"69","author":"H Calmet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calmet H, Gambaruto AM, Bates AJ, Va\u0307zquez M, Houzeaux G, Doorly DJ (2016) Large-scale CFD simulations of the transitional and turbulent regime for the large human airways during rapid inhalation. Comput Biol Med 69:166\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2015.12.003","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"2446_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2018.11.001","volume":"128","author":"H Calmet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calmet H, Yamamoto T, Eguzkitza B, Lehmkuhl O, Olivares E, Kobayashi Y, Tomoda K, Houzeaux G, Va\u0307zquez M (2019) Numerical evaluation of aerosol exhalation through nose treatment. J Aerosol Sci 128:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2018.11.001","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2446_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2514\/3.51043","volume":"20","author":"KY Chien","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chien KY (1982) Predictions of channel and Boundary-Layer flows with a Low-Reynolds-Number turbulence model. AIAA J 20(1):33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/3.51043","journal-title":"AIAA J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2446_CR9","first-page":"151","volume":"22","author":"P Clement","year":"1984","unstructured":"Clement P (1984) Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry. Rhinology 22 (3):151\u20135","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2446_CR10","first-page":"169","volume":"43","author":"P Clement","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clement P, Gordts F (2005) Consensus report on acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry. Rhinology 43(3):169\u201379","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2446_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20824","volume":"120","author":"I Croy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Croy I, Hummel T, Pade A, Pade J (2010) Quality of life following nasal surgery. Laryngoscope 120(4):826\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.20824","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"2446_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00020","volume":"112","author":"M Damm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Damm M, Quante G, Jungehuelsing M, Stennert E (2002) Impact of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on symptoms and quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 112(2):310\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200202000-00020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2446_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dworkin MJ, Barker EB, Nechvatal JR, Foti J, Bassham LE, Roback E, Dray JF Jr (2001) Advanced encryption standard (AES). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/NIST.FIPS.197","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.FIPS.197"},{"key":"2446_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eitel G, Freitas RK, Lintermann A, Meinke M, Schr\u00f6der W (2010) Numerical Simulation of Nasal Cavity Flow Based on a Lattice-Boltzmann Method. In: Dillmann A, Heller G, Klaas M, Kreplin HP, Nitsche W, Schr\u00f6der W (eds) New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, vol 112. Springer, Berlin, pp 513\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-14243-7_63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14243-7_63"},{"key":"2446_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2013.01.013","volume":"75","author":"G Eitel-Amor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eitel-Amor G, Meinke M, Schro\u0307der W (2013) A lattice-Boltzmann method with hierarchically refined meshes. Comput Fluids 75:127\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compfluid.2013.01.013","journal-title":"Comput Fluids"},{"key":"2446_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2014.5.0090","volume":"5","author":"M Faramarzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faramarzi M, Baradaranfar M, Abouali O, Atighechi S, Ahmadi G, Farhadi P, Keshavarzian E, Behniafard N, Baradaranfar A (2014) Numerical investigation of the flow field in realistic nasal septal perforation geometry. Allergy Rhinol (Providence R.I.) 5:70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2500\/ar.2014.5.0090","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence R.I.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2446_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2011.02.019","volume":"47","author":"RK Freitas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freitas RK, Henze A, Meinke M, Schro\u0307der W (2011) Analysis of Lattice-Boltzmann methods for internal flows. Comput Fluids 47(1):115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compfluid.2011.02.019","journal-title":"Comput Fluids"},{"key":"2446_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00f6bbert J.H, Kreuzer T, Grosch A, Lintermann A, Riedel M (2018) Enabling Interactive Supercomputing at JSC Lessons Learned: ISC High Performance 2018 International Workshops, Frankfurt\/Main, Germany, Revised Selected Papers, pp 669\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-02465-9_48","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-02465-9_48"},{"key":"2446_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.036704","volume":"036704","author":"Z Guo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guo Z, Zheng C, Shi B (2007) Thermal lattice boltzmann equation for low mach number flows: Decoupling model. Phys Rev E 036704:75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.75.036704","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"2446_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2005.11.006","volume":"25","author":"I H\u00f6rschler","year":"2006","unstructured":"H\u00f6rschler I, Br\u00fccker C, Schr\u00f6der W, Meinke M (2006) Investigation of the impact of the geometry on the nose flow. Eur J Mech - B\/Fluids 25:471\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2005.11.006","journal-title":"Eur J Mech - B\/Fluids"},{"issue":"6","key":"2446_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.12.008","volume":"43","author":"I H\u00f6rschler","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00f6rschler I, Schr\u00f6der W, Meinke M (2010) On the assumption of steadiness of nasal cavity flow. J Biomech 43(6):1081\u20131085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.12.008","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2446_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre: JURECA: Modular supercomputer at J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre. J Large-scale Res Facilities 4(A132). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17815\/jlsrf-4-121-1","DOI":"10.17815\/jlsrf-4-121-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2446_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2319\/092917-656.1","volume":"88","author":"SY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim SY, Park YC, Lee KJ, Lintermann A, Han SS, Yu HS, Choi YJ (2018) Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults. Angle Orthodont 88(4):435\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092917-656.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthodont"},{"key":"2446_CR24","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J (2014) Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"issue":"2","key":"2446_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10867651.2003.10487582","volume":"8","author":"T Lewiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lewiner T, Lopes H, Vieira AW, Tavares G (2003) Efficient implementation of marching cubes\u2019 cases with topological guarantees. J Graph Tools 8(2):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10867651.2003.10487582","journal-title":"J Graph Tools"},{"key":"2446_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2012.11.027","volume":"237","author":"L Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li L, Mei R, Klausner JF (2013) Boundary conditions for thermal lattice Boltzmann equation method. J Comput Phys 237:366\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2012.11.027","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"key":"2446_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin T, Goyal P, Girshick R, He K, Doll\u00e1r P (2017) Focal loss for dense object detection. In: 2017 IEEE International conference on computer vision (ICCV), pp 2999\u20133007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.324"},{"key":"2446_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lintermann A (2016) Efficient parallel geometry distribution for the simulation of complex flows Papadrakakis M, Papadopoulos V, Stefanou G, Plevris V (eds), Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, Athens. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7712\/100016.1885.5067","DOI":"10.7712\/100016.1885.5067"},{"key":"2446_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lintermann A (2020) Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Methods to Understand Nasal Cavity Flows. In: Cingi C, Muluk NB (eds) All Around the Nose, chap. 9. 1st edn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-21217-9_9. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 75\u201384","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21217-9_9"},{"key":"2446_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Eitel-Amor G, Meinke M, Schr\u00f6der W (2013) Lattice-Boltzmann Solutions with Local Grid Refinement for Nasal Cavity Flows. In: New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VIII. Springer, pp 583\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35680-3_69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35680-3_69"},{"key":"2446_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Meinke M, Schro\u0307der W (2011) Investigations of the Inspiration and Heating Capability of the Human Nasal Cavity Based on a Lattice-Boltzmann Method. In: Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic International Conference on Simulation and Modeling of Biological Flows (SIMBIO 2011), Brussels","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22244-3_10"},{"issue":"11","key":"2446_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.09.003","volume":"43","author":"A Lintermann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Meinke M, Schr\u00f6der W (2013) Fluid mechanics based classification of the respiratory efficiency of several nasal cavities. Comput Biol Med 43(11):1833\u20131852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.09.003","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"2446_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Meinke M, Schro\u0307der W (2020) Zonal Flow Solver (ZFS): a highly efficient multi-physics simulation framework. International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, pp 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10618562.2020.1742328","DOI":"10.1080\/10618562.2020.1742328"},{"key":"2446_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2014.04.009","volume":"277","author":"A Lintermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Schlimpert S, Grimmen J, G\u00fcnther C, Meinke M, Schr\u00f6der W (2014) Massively parallel grid generation on hpc systems. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 277:131\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cma.2014.04.009","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"2446_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2017.01.008","volume":"63","author":"A Lintermann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Schro\u0307der W (2017) Simulation of aerosol particle deposition in the upper human tracheobronchial tract. Eur J Mech - B\/Fluids 63:73\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2017.01.008","journal-title":"Eur J Mech - B\/Fluids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2446_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-017-9876-0","volume":"102","author":"A Lintermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lintermann A, Schro\u0307der W (2019) A Hierarchical Numerical Journey Through the Nasal Cavity: from Nose-Like Models to Real Anatomies. Flow Turbul nce Combust 102(1):89\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10494-017-9876-0","journal-title":"Flow Turbul nce Combust"},{"key":"2446_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","volume":"42","author":"G Litjens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, Setio AAA, Ciompi F, Ghafoorian M, van der Laak JA, van Ginneken B, S\u00e1nchez C. I. (2017) A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal 42:60\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2446_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422","volume":"21","author":"WE Lorensen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lorensen WE, Cline HE (1987) Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. ACM SIGGRAPH Comput Graph 21(4):163\u2013169","journal-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH Comput Graph"},{"key":"2446_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maninis KK, Pont-Tuset J, Arbel\u00e1ez P, Gool LV (2016) Deep retinal image understanding. In: Ourselin S, Joskowicz J, Sabuncu MR, Unal G, Wells W (eds) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI). Springer International Publishing, pp 140\u2013148","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46723-8_17"},{"key":"2446_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.032","volume":"1","author":"K Peksis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peksis K, Unger J, Paulauska S, Emsina A, Blumbergs M, Vogt K, Wernecke KD (2018) Relationships among nasal resistance, age and anthropometric parameters of the nose during growth. Rhinol Online 1:1081\u20131085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/RHINOL\/18.032","journal-title":"Rhinol Online"},{"issue":"3","key":"2446_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01060932","volume":"8","author":"Yh Qian","year":"1993","unstructured":"Qian Yh (1993) Simulating thermohydrodynamics with lattice BGK models. J Sci Comput 8 (3):231\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01060932","journal-title":"J Sci Comput"},{"key":"2446_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rivest R (1992) The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17487\/rfc1321","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc1321"},{"key":"2446_CR43","unstructured":"Saint-Venant B, Wantzel L (1839) M\u0117moire et exp\u0117rience sur l\u2019\u0117coulement d\u0117termin\u0117 par des diff\u0117rences de pressions consid\u0117rables. J l\u2019\u0116cole Polytechn H.27:85ff"},{"key":"2446_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-1-2","volume":"1","author":"G Scadding","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scadding G, Hellings P, Alobid I, Bachert C, Fokkens W, Gerth van Wijk R, Gevaert P, Guilemany J, Kalogjera L, Lund V, Mullol J, Passalacqua G, Toskala E, Drunen C (2011) Diagnostic tools in rhinology eaaci position paper. Clin Transl Allergy 1:2\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-7022-1-2","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2446_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin17.084","volume":"56","author":"K Vogt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogt K, Bachmann-Harildstad G, Wernecke KD, Garyuk O, Lintermann A, Nechyporenko A, Peters F (2018) The new agreement of the international RIGA consensus conference on nasal airway function tests. Rhinology 56(2):133\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4193\/Rhino17.084","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"2446_CR46","unstructured":"Vogt K, Jalowayski AA (2010) 4 - Phase-Rhinomanometry, basics and practice 2010 rhinology supplement (21)"},{"key":"2446_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vogt K, Wernecke KD, Argale M, Kaulina K (2016) Classification of total nasal obstruction in 10,033 cases by 4-phase \u2013rhinomanometry. Roman J Rhinol 6(23). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/rjr-2016-0017","DOI":"10.1515\/rjr-2016-0017"},{"issue":"5","key":"2446_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3723-5","volume":"273","author":"K Vogt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vogt K, Wernecke KD, Behrbohm H, Gubisch W, Argale M (2016) Four-phase rhinomanometry: a multicentric retrospective analysis of 36,563 clinical measurements. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 273 (5):1185\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-015-3723-5","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"2446_CR49","first-page":"7068349","volume":"2018","author":"A Voulodimos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Voulodimos A, Doulamis N, Doulamis A, Protopapadakis E (2018) Deep Learning for Computer Vision: A Brief Review. Comput Intell Neurosci 2018:7068349","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"2446_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waldmann M, Lintermann A, Choi YJ, Schr\u00f6der W (2020) Analysis of the Effects of MARME Treatment on Respiratory Flow Using the Lattice-Boltzmann Method. In: New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XII. Springer, Darmstadt, pp 853\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-25253-3_80","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25253-3_80"},{"key":"2446_CR51","unstructured":"Wilcox DC (1998) Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 2nd editio edn. DCW Industries, La Canada"},{"key":"2446_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie S, Tu Z (2015) Holistically-nested edge detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 1395\u20131403","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.164"},{"key":"2446_CR53","unstructured":"Youlten L (1980) The peak nasal inspiratory flow meter: a newinstrument for the assessment of the response to immunotherapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergol Immunopathol 8(344)"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T03:24:43Z","timestamp":1642562683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-021-02446-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Conflict of interest"}}]}}