{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T06:32:29Z","timestamp":1776321149729,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1650661346000},"page":"1745-1761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Deep reinforcement learning coupled with musculoskeletal modelling for a better understanding of elderly falls"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Katharine","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karim","family":"El Kirat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tien-Tuan","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2567_CR1","unstructured":"TEF (2020) Ins\u00e9e R\u00e9f\u00e9rences - Population, Tableau de l'\u00e9conomie fran\u00e7aise, p 266"},{"key":"2567_CR2","unstructured":"Torres M, P\u00e9drono G, Lasbeur L, Carcaillon-Bentata L, Rigou A, Beltzer N (2018) Chutes des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es \u00e0 domicille: caract\u00e9riqtiques des chuteurs et des circonstances de la chute.,\" Volet \"Hospitalisation\" de l'enqu\u00eate ChuPADom. Saint-Maurice : Sant\u00e9 publique France, pp. 1\u2013138"},{"issue":"6","key":"2567_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00134-4","volume":"29","author":"AJ van den Kroonenberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"van den Kroonenberg AJ, Hayes WC, McMahon TA (1996) Hip impact velocities and body configurations for voluntary falls from standing height. J Biomechanics 29(6):807\u2013811","journal-title":"J Biomechanics"},{"key":"2567_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043286","volume":"26","author":"S James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James S, Lucchesi L, Bisignano C et al (2020) The global burden of falls: global, regional and national estimates of morbidity and mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Inj Prev 26:i3\u2013i11","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2567_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000511356","volume":"67","author":"M Meyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyer M, Constancias F, Vogel T, Kaltenbach G, Schmitt E (2021) Gait Disorder among Elderly People, Psychomotor Disadaptation Syndrome: Post-Fall Syndrome, Risk Factors and Follow-Up- A Cohort Study of 70 Patients. Gerontology 67:17\u201324","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"2567_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.05.021","volume":"127","author":"Z Aversa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aversa Z, Zhang X, Fielding RA, Lanza I, LeBrasseur NK (2019) The clinical impact and biological mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging. Bone 127:26\u201336","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2567_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.1059","volume":"61","author":"BH Goodpaster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, Simonsick EM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Newman AB (2006) The loss of skeletak muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:1059\u20131064","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2567_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pion CH, Barbat-Artigas S, St-Jean-Pelletier F, Chevalier S, Gaudreau P, Gouspillou G, Morais JA, B\u00e9langer M, Aubertin-Leheudre M (2017) Muscle strength and force development in high- and low- functioning elderly men: Influence of muscular and neural factors. Exp Gerontol 96:19\u201328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.05.021"},{"key":"2567_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.9.656","volume":"71","author":"KE Roach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roach KE, Miles TP (1991) Normal hip and knee active range of motion: the relationship to age. Phys Ther 71:656\u2013665","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2567_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheth KA, Iyer CC, Wier CG, Crum AE, Bratasz A, Kolb SJ, Clark BC, Burghes AHM, Arnold WD (2018) Muscle strength and size are associated with motor unit connectivity in aged mice.Neurobiol Aging 67(128\u2013136)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.016"},{"key":"2567_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.12.007","volume":"102","author":"CR Straight","year":"2018","unstructured":"Straight CR, Ades PA, Toth MJ, Miller MS (2018) Age-related reduction in single muscle fiber caclium sensitivity is associated with decreased muscle power in men and women. Exp Gerontol 102:84\u201392","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2567_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12720","volume":"12","author":"M Narici","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narici M, McPhee J, Conte M, Franchi MV, Mitchell K, Tagliaferri S, Monti E, Marcolin G, Atherton PJ, Smith K, Phillips B, Lund J, Franceschi C, Maggio M, Butler-Browne GS (2021) Age-related alterations in muiscle architecture are a signature of sarcopenia: the ultrasound sarcopenia index. J Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 12(4):973\u2013982","journal-title":"J Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04519-8","volume":"22","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Fu SN, Hug F (2021) Age-related increase in muscle stiffness is muscle length dependent and associated with muscle force in senior females. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22(1):829","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2567_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caceres Santana E, Bermundez Moreno C, Ramirez Suarez J, Bahamonde Roman C, Murie-Fernandez M (2019) Incidencia de ca\u00eddas en el hospital de larga-media estancia. Factores de riesgo y estrategias para la prevenci\u00f3n.Neurologia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrl.2019.03.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2019.03.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010198","volume":"17","author":"A Sucerquia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sucerquia A, Lopez JD, Vargas-Bonilla JF (2017) SisFall: a fall and movement dataset. Sensors 17(1):198","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2567_CR16","unstructured":"Vacher M, Bouakaz S, Bobillier-Chaumon ME, Aman F, Khan RA, Bekkadja S, Portet F, Guillou E, Rossato S, Lecouteux B (2016) The CIRDO Corpus: Comprehensive Audio\/Video Database of Domestic Falls of Elderly People,\" 10th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2016), ELRA, pp. 1389\u20131396"},{"issue":"9860","key":"2567_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61263-X","volume":"381","author":"SN Robinovitch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinovitch SN, Feldman F, Yang Y, Schonnop R, Leung PM, Sarraf T, Sims-Gould J, Loughlin M (2013) Video capture of the circumstances of falls in elderly people residing in long-term care: an observational study. The Lancet 381(9860):47\u201354","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2567_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1894-5","volume":"45","author":"SA Roelker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roelker SA, Caruthers EJ, Baker RK, Pelz NC, Chaudhari AMW, Siston RA (2017) Interpreting Musculoskeletal Models and Dynamic Simuations: Causes and Effects of Differences Between Models. Annals of Biomed Eng 45:2635\u20132647","journal-title":"Annals of Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"2567_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275166","volume":"596","author":"S Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song S, Geyer H (2018) Predictive neuromechanical simulatins indicate why walking performance declines with ageing. J Physiol 596(7):1199\u20131210","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-020-02309-3","volume":"59","author":"K Nowakowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nowakowski K, Carvalho P, Six J-B, Maillet Y, Nguyen AT, Seghiri I, M\u2019Pemba L, Marcille T, Ngo ST, Dao T-T (2021) Human locomotion with reinforcement learning using bioinspired reward reshaping strategies. Med Biol Eng Comput 59(1):243\u2013256","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"2567_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-018-1940-y","volume":"57","author":"TT Dao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dao TT (2019) From Deep Learning to Transfer Learning for the Prediction of Skeletal Muscle Forces. Med Biol Eng Compu 57(5):1049\u20131058","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Compu"},{"key":"2567_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kidzinski L, Mohanty SP, Ong C, Hicks J, Francis S, Levine S, Salathe M, Delp S (2018) Learning to Run Challenge: Synthesizing Physiologically Accurate Motion Using Deep Reinforcement Learning. In: Escalera, S., Weimer, M. (eds) The NIPS '17 Competition: Building Intelligent Systems. The Springer Series on Challenges in Machine Learning. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-94042-7_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94042-7_6"},{"key":"2567_CR23","unstructured":"Lillicrap TP, Hunt JJ, Pritzel A, Heess NM, Erez T, Tassa Y, SilverD, Wierstra D (2016) Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning.CoRR, vol. abs\/1509.02971"},{"key":"2567_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.06.019","volume":"112","author":"G Mastorakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mastorakis G, Ellis T, Makris D (2018) Fall detection without people: A simulation approach tackling video data scarcity. Expert Syst Appl 112:125\u2013137","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2567_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.025","volume":"48","author":"W Choi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choi W, Wakeling J, Robinovitch S (2015) Kinematic analysis of video-captured falls experienced by older adults in long-term care. J Biomech 48:911\u2013920","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2567_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.016","volume":"67","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Brodie MA, Sturnieks DL, Hicks C, Lord SR (2019) A pilot study of reactive balance training using trips and slips with increasing unpredictability in young and older adults: Biomechanical mechanisms, falls and clinical feasibility. Clin Biomech 67:171\u2013179","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2567_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins Ribeiro D, Santos Bueno GA, Martins Gervasio F, Losada de Menezes R (2019) Foot-ground clearance characteristics in women: A comparison across different ages.Gait Posture 69:121\u2013125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.01.028"},{"key":"2567_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.01.011","volume":"85","author":"T Arakawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arakawa T, Otani T, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka M (2021) 2-D forward dynamics simulation of gait adaptation to muscle weakness in elderly gait. Gait Posture 85:71\u201377","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2567_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.18584","volume":"82","author":"D Kerrigan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kerrigan D, Lee L, Collins J, Riley P, Lipsitz L (2001) Reduced hip extension during walking: Healthy elderly and fallers versus young adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:26\u201330","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2567_CR30","first-page":"191","volume":"54","author":"A Akyol","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akyol A (2007) Falls in the elderly: what can be done? Wiley Online Library 54(2):191\u2013196","journal-title":"Wiley Online Library"},{"key":"2567_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.09.011","volume":"59","author":"JD Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson JD, Plummer P, Franz JR (2018) Age and falls history effects on antagonist leg muscle coavtivation during walking with balance perturbations. Clin Biomech 59:94\u2013100","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2567_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidzinski L, Mohanty SP, Ong C, Hicks J, Francis S, Levine S, Salath\u00e9 M, Delp S (2017) NIPS 2017 Competition Book: Learning to Run challenge: Synthesizing physiologically accurate motion using deep reinforcement learning, arXiv:1804.00198","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94042-7_6"},{"key":"2567_CR33","unstructured":"Creative Commons, \"Creative Commons,\" [Online]. Available: https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/. Accessed 31 August 2021"},{"key":"2567_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.030","volume":"189","author":"NB Fernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez NB, Hars M, Trombetti A, Vuilleumier P (2019) Age-related changes in attention control and their relationship with gait performance in older adults with high risk of falls. Neuroimage 189:551\u2013559","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2567_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerstle EE, O'Connor K, Keenan KG, Slavens BA, Cobb SC (2021) The influence of age and fall history on single transition step kinematics. Clinical Biomechanics 89:105456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2021.105456"},{"key":"2567_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.011","volume":"47","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Hobara H, Matsushita S, Mochimaru M (2014) Key joint kinematic characteristics of the gait of fallers identified by principal component analysis. J Biomech 47:2424\u20132429","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2567_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.04.020","volume":"87","author":"N Waterval","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waterval N, Veerkamp K, Geijtenbeek T, Harlaar J, Nollet F, Brehm MA, van der Krogt MM (2021) Validation of forward simulations to predict the effects of bilateral plantarflexor weakness on gait. Gait Posture 87:33\u201342","journal-title":"Gait Posture"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,7]],"date-time":"2022-05-07T06:31:15Z","timestamp":1651905075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-022-02567-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}