{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T18:11:09Z","timestamp":1774721469653,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T18:02:16Z","timestamp":1684951336000},"page":"2497-2510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Review of microwave imaging algorithms for stroke detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jinzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019881353","volume":"14","author":"MP Lindsay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindsay MP, Norrving B, Sacco RL et al (2019) World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2019. Int J Stroke 14(8):806\u2013817","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"2848_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649503","volume":"38","author":"M Katan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katan M, Luft A (2018) Global burden of stroke. Semin Neurol 38(2):208\u2013211","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2848_CR3","first-page":"561","volume":"48","author":"SJ Murphy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murphy SJ, Werring DJ (2020) Stroke: causes and clinical features. Medicine (Abingdon) 48(9):561\u2013566","journal-title":"Medicine (Abingdon)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2848_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","volume":"139","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A et al (2019) Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 139(10):e56\u2013e528","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2848_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elameer M, Price CI, (2020) Neuroimaging methods for acute stroke diagnosis and treatment. In: Peplow, P.V., Martinez, B., Dambinova, S.A. (eds) Stroke biomarkers. Neuromethods 147: 297\u2013333","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9682-7_15"},{"key":"2848_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105728","volume":"197","author":"K Ramamurthy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramamurthy K, Menaka R, Johnson A et al (2020) Neuroimaging and deep learning for brain stroke detection \u2014 a review of recent advancements and future prospects. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 197:105728","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.1.r01jl3113","volume":"220","author":"SG Orel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orel SG, Schnall MD (2001) MR imaging of the breast for the detection, diagnosis, and staging of breast cancer. Radiology 220(1):13\u201330","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2848_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019866621","volume":"14","author":"KB Walsh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walsh KB (2019) Non-invasive sensor technology for prehospital stroke diagnosis: current status and future directions. Int J Stroke 14(6):592\u2013602","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2848_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevacqua MT, Bellizzi GG, Crocco L, et al. (2019) A method for quantitative imaging of electrical properties of human tissues from only amplitude electromagnetic data.\u00a0Inverse Problems 35","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6420\/aaf5b8"},{"issue":"6","key":"2848_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.800590","volume":"21","author":"SY Semenov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Semenov SY, Svenson RH, Posukh VG et al (2002) Dielectrical spectroscopy of canine myocardium during acute ischemia and hypoxia at frequency spectrum from 100 kHz to 6 GHz. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21(6):703\u2013707","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2732225","volume":"59","author":"M Hopfer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hopfer M, Planas R, Hamidipour A et al (2017) Electromagnetic tomography for detection, differentiation, and monitoring of brain stroke: a virtual data and human head phantom study. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag 59(5):86\u201397","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag Mag"},{"key":"2848_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagliari DJ, Pulimeno A, Vacca M, et al. (2015) A low-cost, fast, and accurate microwave imaging system for breast cancer detection. 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS.2015.7348444"},{"key":"2848_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eesuola A, Chen Y, Tian GY (2011) Novel ultra-wideband directional antennas for microwave breast cancer detection. In: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 90\u201393","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2011.5996646"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4061","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4061","volume":"21","author":"AM Qureshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qureshi AM, Mustansar Z (2017) Levels of detail analysis of microwave scattering from human head models for brain stroke detection. PeerJ 21(5):e4061","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2848_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2539970","volume":"15","author":"AT Mobashsher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mobashsher AT, Bialkowski KS, Abbosh AM (2016) Design of compact cross-fed three-dimensional slot-loaded antenna and its application in wideband head imaging system. IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett 15:1856\u20131860","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett"},{"key":"2848_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew KM, Yong CY, Sudirman R, et al. (2018) Bio-signal processing and 2D representation for brain tumor detection using microwave signal analysis.\u00a02018 IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), 303\u2013309","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAIE.2018.8405489"},{"key":"2848_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jamlos MA, Mustafa WA, (2019) Improved confocal microwave imaging algorithm for tumor detection","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/557\/1\/012002"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR18","first-page":"76","volume":"21","author":"SS Chaudhary","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chaudhary SS, Mishra RK, Swarup A et al (1984) Dielectric properties of normal & malignant human breast tissues at radiowave & microwave frequencies. Indian J Biochem Biophys 21(1):76\u201379","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2848_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S08","volume":"30","author":"RJ Halter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Halter RJ, Zhou T, Meaney PM et al (2009) The correlation of in vivo and ex vivo tissue dielectric properties to validate electromagnetic breast imaging: initial clinical experience. Physiol Meas 30:S121\u2013S136","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"2848_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER05081802","volume":"58","author":"GN Bindu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bindu GN, Abraham S, Lonappan A et al (2006) Active microwave imaging for breast cancer detection. Progress In Electromagnetics Res 58:149\u2013169","journal-title":"Progress In Electromagnetics Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2390","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082390","volume":"20","author":"MA Aldhaeebi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aldhaeebi MA, Alzoubi K, Almoneef TS et al (2020) Review of microwaves techniques for breast cancer detection. Sensors (Basel) 20(8):E2390","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"2848_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mouty S, Bocquet B, Ringot R, et al. (2000) Microwave radiometric imaging (MWI) for the characterisation of breast tumours. Eur Phys J-appl Phys 10:73\u201378","DOI":"10.1051\/epjap:2000121"},{"key":"2848_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Xin H, Bauer D, et al. (2011) Microwave induced thermal acoustic imaging modeling for potential breast cancer detection. In: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 722\u2013725","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2011.5996814"},{"key":"2848_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1985.1143603","volume":"33","author":"C Pichot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pichot C, Jofre L, Peronnet G et al (1985) Active microwave imaging of inhomogeneous bodies. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat 33:416\u2013425","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat"},{"key":"2848_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1109\/22.883861","volume":"48","author":"PM Meaney","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meaney PM, Fanning MW, Li D et al (2000) A clinical prototype for active microwave imaging of the breast. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 48:1841\u20131853","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"2848_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020643","volume":"23","author":"\u00c1 Yago Ruiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yago Ruiz \u00c1, Cavagnaro M, Crocco L (2023) An effective framework for deep-learning-enhanced quantitative microwave imaging and its potential for medical applications. Sensors 23(2):643","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2848_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/254830","volume":"2008","author":"SY Semenov","year":"2008","unstructured":"Semenov SY, Corfield DR (2008) Microwave tomography for brain imaging: feasibility assessment for stroke detection. Int J Antennas Propagation 2008:1\u20138","journal-title":"Int J Antennas Propagation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2002.800759","volume":"49","author":"EC Fear","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fear EC, Li X, Hagness SC et al (2002) Confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: localization of tumors in three dimensions. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 49(8):812\u2013822","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2848_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambrosanio M, Franceschini S, Baselice F, et al. (2020). Machine learning for microwave imaging.\u00a02020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1\u20134","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP48036.2020.9136081"},{"key":"2848_CR30","first-page":"653","volume-title":"Advances in computational electrodynamics: the finite-difference time-domain method; Artech House: Norwood","author":"W Chew","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chew W (1998) Imaging and inverse problems in electromagnetics. Advances in computational electrodynamics: the finite-difference time-domain method; Artech House: Norwood. MA, USA, pp 653\u2013702"},{"key":"2848_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semenov SY, Seiser B, Stoegmann E, et al. (2014). Electromagnetic tomography for brain imaging: from virtual to human brain.\u00a02014 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMA.2014.7003417"},{"key":"2848_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mackay DJC. (1998). Introduction to Monte Carlo methods. In: Jordan, M.I. (eds) Learning in graphical models. NATO ASI Series, Springer, Dordrecht 89:175\u2013204","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5014-9_7"},{"key":"2848_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ambrosanio M, Franceschini S, Pascazio V, et al. (2021). Microwave breast imaging via neural networks for almost real-time applications","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI52829.2022.9761470"},{"issue":"2","key":"2848_CR34","first-page":"126","volume":"6","author":"JH Holland","year":"1975","unstructured":"Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems 6(2):126\u2013137","journal-title":"Adaptation in natural and artificial systems"},{"key":"2848_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00047572","volume":"12","author":"CR Hwang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hwang CR (1988) Simulated annealing: theory and applications. Acta Appl Math 12:108\u2013111","journal-title":"Acta Appl Math"},{"key":"2848_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meza JC. (2010) Steepest descent. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics","DOI":"10.2172\/983240"},{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-4867-7","volume":"77","author":"I Bisio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bisio I, Fedeli A, Lavagetto F et al (2018) A numerical study concerning brain stroke detection by microwave imaging systems. Multimed Tools Appl 77(8):9341\u20139363","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"12","key":"2848_CR38","first-page":"1864","volume":"83","author":"A Abubakar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abubakar A, van den Berg P, Kooij B (2000) A conjugate gradient contrast source technique for 3D profile inversion. IEICE Trans Electron 83(12):1864\u20131874","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Electron"},{"issue":"11","key":"2848_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2013.0054","volume":"7","author":"D Ireland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ireland D, Bialkowski K, Abbosh A (2013) Microwave imaging for brain stroke detection using Born iterative method. IET Microwaves Antennas Propag 7(11):909\u2013915","journal-title":"IET Microwaves Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2016728","volume":"57","author":"C Gilmore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gilmore C, Abubakar A, Hu W et al (2009) Microwave biomedical data inversion using the finite-difference contrast source inversion method. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 57(5):1528\u20131538","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"key":"2848_CR41","unstructured":"Ireland D, Bialkowski M (2010) Feasibility study on microwave stroke detection using a realistic phantom and the FDTD method. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC :1360\u20131363"},{"key":"2848_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115010","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/26\/11\/115010","volume":"26","author":"A Zakaria","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zakaria A, Gilmore C, LoVetri J (2010) Finite-element contrast source inversion method for microwave imaging. Inverse Prob 26:115010\u2013115021","journal-title":"Inverse Prob"},{"issue":"12","key":"2848_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7328","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2871266","volume":"66","author":"R Scapaticci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scapaticci R, Tobon J, Bellizzi G et al (2018) Design and numerical characterization of a low-complexity microwave device for brain stroke monitoring. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 66(12):7328\u20137338","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"key":"2848_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4074862","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4074862","volume":"2019","author":"I Merunka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merunka I, Massa A, Vrba D et al (2019) Microwave tomography system for methodical testing of human brain stroke detection approaches. Int J Antennas Propag 2019:e4074862","journal-title":"Int J Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2848_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2019.2921076","volume":"3","author":"VL Coli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coli VL, Tournier PH, Dolean V et al (2019) Detection of simulated brain strokes using microwave tomography. IEEE J Electromagn RF Microw Med Biol 3(4):254\u2013260","journal-title":"IEEE J Electromagn RF Microw Med Biol"},{"key":"2848_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2196925","volume":"60","author":"C Estatico","year":"2012","unstructured":"Estatico C, Pastorino M, Randazzo A (2012) A novel microwave imaging approach based on regularization in L(p) Banach spaces. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 60:3373\u20133381","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2849060","volume":"66","author":"I Bisio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bisio I, Estatico C, Fedeli A et al (2018) Brain stroke microwave imaging by means of a Newton-conjugate-gradient method in $L^{p}$ Banach spaces. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn 66(8):3668\u20133682","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn"},{"issue":"9","key":"2848_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2446995","volume":"63","author":"C Estatico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Estatico C, Fedeli A, Pastorino M et al (2015) A multifrequency inexact-Newton method in $L^p$ Banach spaces for buried objects detection. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 63(9):4198\u20134204","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"12","key":"2848_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2869201","volume":"66","author":"C Estatico","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estatico C, Fedeli A, Pastorino M et al (2018) Quantitative microwave imaging method in Lebesgue spaces with nonconstant exponents. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat 66(12):7282\u20137294","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat"},{"issue":"12","key":"2848_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8091","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2020.2999789","volume":"68","author":"C Estatico","year":"2020","unstructured":"Estatico C, Fedeli A, Pastorino M et al (2020) A phaseless microwave imaging approach based on a Lebesgue-space inversion algorithm. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat 68(12):8091\u20138103","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2019.2963870","volume":"68","author":"I Bisio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bisio I, Estatico C, Fedeli A et al (2020) Variable-exponent Lebesgue-space inversion for brain stroke microwave imaging. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn 68(5):1882\u20131895","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn"},{"key":"2848_CR52","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science","author":"A Fedeli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fedeli A, Randazzo A, Sciarrone A et al (2020) A microwave diagnostic technique for early-stage brain stroke characterization. 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science. IEEE, Rome, pp 1\u20133"},{"key":"2848_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2020.3024276","volume":"1","author":"A Fedeli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fedeli A, Estatico C, Pastorino M et al (2020) Microwave detection of brain injuries by means of a hybrid imaging method. IEEE Open J Antennas and Propag 1:513\u2013523","journal-title":"IEEE Open J Antennas and Propag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.3040483","volume":"69","author":"A Fedeli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fedeli A, Schenone V, Randazzo A et al (2021) Nonlinear S-parameters inversion for stroke imaging. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn 69(3):1760\u20131771","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Techn"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000401","volume":"28","author":"I Bisio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bisio I, Fedeli A, Garibotto C et al (2021) Two ways for early detection of a stroke through a wearable smart helmet: signal processing vs. electromagnetism. IEEE Wireless Commun 28(3):22\u201327","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2018.2876228","volume":"67","author":"A Afsari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Afsari A, Abbosh AM, Rahmat-Samii Y (2019) Modified born iterative method in medical electromagnetic tomography using magnetic field fluctuation contrast source operator. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 67(1):454\u2013463","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"key":"2848_CR57","first-page":"e8065036","volume":"2019","author":"J Vasquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vasquez J, Scapaticci R, Turvani G et al (2019) Design and experimental assessment of a 2D microwave imaging system for brain stroke monitoring. Int J Antennas Propag 2019:e8065036","journal-title":"Int J Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"9","key":"2848_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092607","volume":"20","author":"J Vasquez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasquez J, Scapaticci R, Turvani G et al (2020) A prototype microwave system for 3D brain stroke imaging. Sensors 20(9):2607","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2848_CR59","unstructured":"Duarte D O R, Vasquez J A T, Vipiana F (2020) Electromagnetic virtual prototyping of a realistic 3-D microwave scanner for brain stroke imaging. In: 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 1\u20134"},{"key":"2848_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesarik J, Vrba J (2020) Validation of multilevel 24-port microwave imaging system for brain stroke monitoring on synthetic numerical data. In: 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1\u20135","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP48036.2020.9135435"},{"issue":"12","key":"2848_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7224","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2017.2766658","volume":"65","author":"X Ye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ye X, Chen X (2017) Subspace-based distorted-born iterative method for solving inverse scattering problems. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 65(12):7224\u20137232","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030840","volume":"20","author":"O Karadima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karadima O, Rahman M, Sotiriou I et al (2020) Experimental validation of microwave tomography with the DBIM-TwIST algorithm for brain stroke detection and classification. Sensors 20(3):840","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2848_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariano V, Vasquez J, Scapaticci R, et al. (2020) Comparison of reconstruction algorithms for brain stroke microwave imaging 1\u20133","DOI":"10.1109\/IMBIoC47321.2020.9385032"},{"key":"2848_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2021.3135146","volume":"3","author":"N Ghavami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghavami N, Razzicchia E, Karadima O et al (2021) The use of metasurfaces to enhance microwave imaging: experimental validation for tomographic and radar-based algorithms. IEEE Open J Antennas Propag 3:89\u2013100","journal-title":"IEEE Open J Antennas Propag"},{"key":"2848_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karadima O, Ghavami N, Sotiriou I, et al. (2020) Performance assessment of microwave tomography and radar imaging using an anthropomorphic brain phantom. In: 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, Rome.","DOI":"10.23919\/URSIGASS49373.2020.9232402"},{"key":"2848_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghavami N, Sotiriou I, Kosmas P (2019) Preliminary experimental validation of radar imaging for stroke detection with phantoms. 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall)","DOI":"10.1109\/PIERS-Fall48861.2019.9021600"},{"key":"2848_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1109\/OJAP.2022.3150100","volume":"3","author":"O Karadima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karadima O, Lu P, Sotiriou I et al (2022) Experimental validation of the DBIM-TwIST algorithm for brain stroke detection and differentiation using a multi-layered anatomically complex head phantom. IEEE Open J Antennas Propag 3:274\u2013286","journal-title":"IEEE Open J Antennas Propag"},{"key":"2848_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072691","volume":"22","author":"P Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu P, Kosmas P (2022) Three-dimensional microwave head imaging with GPU-based FDTD and the DBIM method. Sensors 22:2691","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"2848_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2021.3122113","volume":"69","author":"L Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo L, Khosravi-Farsani M, Stancombe A et al (2022) Adaptive clustering distorted born iterative method for microwave brain tomography with stroke detection and classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 69(4):1512\u20131523","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2848_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semenov S, Seiser B, Stoegmann E, et al. (2014) Electromagnetic tomography for brain imaging: from virtual to human brain. In: 2014 IEEE Conference on Antenna Measurements & Applications (CAMA), 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMA.2014.7003417"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2731199","volume":"59","author":"PH Tournier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tournier PH, Bonazzoli M, Dolean V et al (2017) Numerical modeling and high-speed parallel computing: new perspectives on tomographic microwave imaging for brain stroke detection and monitoring. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag 59(5):98\u2013110","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag Mag"},{"key":"2848_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriksson T, Sahebdivan S, Planas R, et al. (2022) Human brain imaging by electromagnetic tomography: a mobile brain scanner for clinical settings. In: 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 1\u20135","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP53622.2022.9769049"},{"issue":"6","key":"2848_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061678","volume":"18","author":"MA Elahi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elahi MA, O\u2019Loughlin D, Lavoie BR et al (2018) Evaluation of image reconstruction algorithms for confocal microwave imaging: application to patient data. Sensors (Basel) 18(6):1678","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"2848_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2015.2513398","volume":"64","author":"A Zamani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zamani A, Abbosh A, Mobashsher A (2016) Fast frequency-based multistatic microwave imaging algorithm with application to brain injury detection. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 64:1\u201310","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"key":"2848_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricci E , Domenico S D , Cianca E , et al. (2015) Artifact removal algorithms for stroke detection using a multistatic MIST beamforming algorithm. In: 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 1930\u20131933","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318761"},{"key":"2848_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klemm M, Craddock IJ, Leendertz JA, et al. (2008) Improved delay-and-sum beamforming algorithm for breast cancer detection.\u00a0International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 761402\u20131\u2013761402\u20139","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/761402"},{"issue":"8","key":"2848_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.878058","volume":"53","author":"Y Xie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xie Y, Guo B, Xu L et al (2006) Multistatic adaptive microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 53(8):1647\u20131657","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"2848_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Entezami M, Faraji-Dana R, Dehmollaian M (2017) Design and implementation of a head imaging system for trauma detection. In: 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 1983\u20131986","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2017.7985381"},{"key":"2848_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM11082907","volume":"21","author":"D Ireland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ireland D, Bialkowski M (2011) Microwave head imaging for stroke detection. Progress In Electromagn Res M 21:163\u2013175","journal-title":"Progress In Electromagn Res M"},{"key":"2848_CR80","unstructured":"Ricci E, Colucciello A, Domenico SD, et al. (2015) Modified RAR and PLSR-based artifact removal for stroke detection in UWB radar imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2848_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1109\/8.774131","volume":"47","author":"S Hagness","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hagness S, Taflove A, Bridges J (1999) Three-dimensional FDTD analysis of a pulsed microwave confocal system for breast cancer detection: design of an antenna-array element. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 47(5):783\u2013791","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/7260.915627","volume":"11","author":"L Xu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu L, Hagness S (2001) A confocal microwave imaging algorithm for breast cancer detection. Microwave Wireless Components Lett IEEE 11(3):130\u2013132","journal-title":"Microwave Wireless Components Lett IEEE"},{"key":"2848_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed B J, Abbosh A M, Ireland D. Circular antenna array for brain imaging systems. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation","DOI":"10.1109\/APS.2012.6348799"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2013.2277562","volume":"63","author":"BJ Mohammed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammed BJ, Abbosh AM, Mustafa S et al (2014) Microwave system for head imaging. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 63(1):117\u2013123","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Instrum Meas"},{"key":"2848_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2255095","volume":"12","author":"S Mustafa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mustafa S, Mohammed B, Abbosh A (2013) Novel preprocessing techniques for accurate microwave imaging of human brain. IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett 12:460\u2013463","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"2848_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2014.2342669","volume":"62","author":"AT Mobashsher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mobashsher AT, Abbosh AM, Wang Y (2014) Microwave system to detect traumatic brain injuries using compact unidirectional antenna and wideband transceiver with verification on realistic head phantom. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 62(9):1826\u20131836","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2014.0109","volume":"9","author":"B Mohammed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohammed B, Bialkowski K, Mustafa S et al (2015) Investigation of noise effect on image quality in microwave head imaging systems. Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET 9(3):200\u2013205","journal-title":"Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, IET"},{"key":"2848_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.13052\/jconasense2246-2120.2016.002","volume":"1","author":"E Ricci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ricci E, Cianca E, Rossi T et al (2016) (2016) Beamforming algorithms for UWB radar-based stroke detection: trade-off performance-complexity. J Commun Navig Sens Serv (CONASENSE) 1:11\u201328","journal-title":"J Commun Navig Sens Serv (CONASENSE)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2848_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-016-1568-8","volume":"55","author":"E Ricci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ricci E, Domenico SD, Cianca E et al (2017) PCA-based artifact removal algorithm for stroke detection using UWB radar imaging. Med Biol Eng Compu 55(6):909\u2013921","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Compu"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4122-6","volume":"96","author":"E Ricci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ricci E, Cianca E, Rossi T et al (2017) Performance evaluation of novel microwave imaging algorithms for stroke detection using an accurate 3D head model. Wireless Pers Commun 96(3):3317\u20133331","journal-title":"Wireless Pers Commun"},{"key":"2848_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saied I, Arslan T (2019) Microwave imaging algorithm for detecting brain disorders. In: 2019 29th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA), 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/RADIOELEK.2019.8733477"},{"key":"2848_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2020.102001","volume":"61","author":"B Sohani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sohani B, Khalesi B, Ghavami N et al (2020) Detection of haemorrhagic stroke in simulation and realistic 3-D human head phantom using microwave imaging. Biomed Signal Process Control 61:102001","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"issue":"19","key":"2848_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.3390\/s20195545","volume":"20","author":"B Sohani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sohani B, Puttock J, Khalesi B et al (2020) Developing artefact removal algorithms to process data from a microwave imaging device for haemorrhagic stroke detection [J]. Sensors 20(19):5545","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2760358","volume":"35","author":"A Lucas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucas A, Iliadis M, Molina R et al (2018) Using deep neural networks for inverse problems in imaging: beyond analytical methods. IEEE Signal Process Mag 35(1):20\u201336","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"2848_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Machine Learn 20:273\u2013297","journal-title":"Machine Learn"},{"key":"2848_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fhager A, Persson M (2011) A microwave measurement system for stroke detection. In: 2011 Loughborough Antennas Propagation Conference, 1\u20132","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2011.6114001"},{"issue":"11","key":"2848_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2330554","volume":"61","author":"M Persson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Persson M, Fhager A, Trefn\u00e1 HD et al (2014) Microwave-based stroke diagnosis making global prehospital thrombolytic treatment possible. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 61(11):2806\u20132817","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"2848_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2015.2473000","volume":"63","author":"L Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo L, Abbosh AM (2015) Microwave imaging of nonsparse domains using born iterative method with wavelet transform and block sparse Bayesian learning. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 63(11):4877\u20134888","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2848_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.22118","volume":"39","author":"L Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo L, Abbosh A (2018) Stroke localization and classification using microwave tomography with k-means clustering and support vector machine. Bioelectromagnetics 39(4):312\u2013324","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2848_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180319","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180319","volume":"5","author":"A Qureshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qureshi A, Mustansar Z, Mustafa S (2018) Finite-element analysis of microwave scattering from a three-dimensional human head model for brain stroke detection. Royal Society Open Science 5(7):180319","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"2848_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhu M, Li D, et al. (2016) Brain stroke localization by using microwave-based signal classification. 2016 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 828\u2013831","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAA.2016.7731527"},{"key":"2848_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fhager A, Candefjord S, Persson M (2018) FDTD based simulation study of a classification based hemorrhagic stroke detector. In: 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018), 1\u20133","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2018.0791"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2020.2995329","volume":"5","author":"G Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu G, Bialkowski A, Guo L et al (2021) Stroke classification in simulated electromagnetic imaging using graph approaches [J]. IEEE J Electromagn RF Microwaves Med Biol 5(1):46\u201353","journal-title":"IEEE J Electromagn RF Microwaves Med Biol"},{"key":"2848_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2020.3041092","volume":"7","author":"A Al-Saffar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Saffar A, Bialkowski A, Baktashmotlagh M et al (2021) Closing the gap of simulation to reality in electromagnetic imaging of brain strokes via deep neural networks. IEEE Trans Comput Imaging 7:13\u201321","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Imaging"},{"issue":"14","key":"2848_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl242","volume":"22","author":"KM Borgwardt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Borgwardt KM, Gretton A, Rasch MJ et al (2006) Integrating structured biological data by kernel maximum mean discrepancy. Bioinformatics 22(14):e49\u2013e57","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2848_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03043-y","volume":"11","author":"L Alon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alon L, Dehkharghani S (2021) A stroke detection and discrimination framework using broadband microwave scattering on stochastic models with deep learning. Sci Rep 11(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2848_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2021.3111516","volume":"70","author":"A Al-Saffar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Saffar A, Zamani A, Stancombe A et al (2022) Operational learning-based boundary estimation in electromagnetic medical imaging. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 70(3):2234\u20132245","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T06:26:00Z","timestamp":1695795960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-023-02848-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}