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Many current severity quantification approaches require resource-intensive training for optimal results. Healthcare practitioners require efficient computational tools to swiftly identify COVID-19 cases and predict the severity of the condition. In this research, we introduce a novel image augmentation scheme as well as a neural network model founded on Vision Transformers (ViT) with a small number of trainable parameters for quantifying COVID-19 severity and other lung diseases. Our method, named Vision Transformer Regressor Infection Prediction (ViTReg-IP), leverages a ViT architecture and a regression head. To assess the model\u2019s adaptability, we evaluate its performance on diverse chest radiograph datasets from various open sources. We conduct a comparative analysis against several competing deep learning methods. Our results achieved a minimum Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.569 and 0.512 and a maximum Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PC) of 0.923 and 0.855 for the geographic extent score and the lung opacity score, respectively, when the CXRs from the RALO dataset were used in training. The experimental results reveal that our model delivers exceptional performance in severity quantification while maintaining robust generalizability, all with relatively modest computational requirements. The source codes used in our work are publicly available at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/bouthainas\/ViTReg-IP\">https:\/\/github.com\/bouthainas\/ViTReg-IP<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-024-03066-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T01:01:43Z","timestamp":1712624503000},"page":"2389-2407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Lung pneumonia severity scoring in chest X-ray images using transformers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4939-2367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bouthaina","family":"Slika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi","family":"Dornaika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Merdji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4804-4796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim","family":"Hammoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3066_CR1","unstructured":"Organization WH (2020) The true death toll of COVID-19: estimating global excess mortality. https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/stories\/the-true-death-toll-of-covid-19-estimating-global-excess-mortality"},{"key":"3066_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng M-Y, Lee EY, Yang J, Yang F, Li X, Wang H, Lui MM-s, Lo CS-Y, Leung B, Khong P-L et al (2020) Imaging profile of the COVID-19 infection: radiologic findings and literature review. 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