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However, solely based on medical imaging, clinicians are not able to reliably identify loose implants in a substantial amount of cases. To complement medical imaging for pedicle screw loosening detection, we propose a new methodology and paradigm for the radiation-free, non-destructive, and easy-to-integrate loosening detection based on vibroacoustic sensing. For the detection of a loose implant, we excite the vertebra of interest with a sine sweep vibration at the spinous process and use a custom highly sensitive piezo vibration sensor attached directly at the screw head to capture the propagated vibration characteristics which are analyzed using a detection pipeline based on spectrogram features and a SE-ResNet-18. To validate the proposed approach, we propose a novel, biomechanically validated simulation technique for pedicle screw loosening, conduct experiments using four human cadaveric lumbar spine specimens, and evaluate our algorithm in a cross-validation experiment. The proposed method reaches a sensitivity of <jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$$91.50 \\pm 6.58 \\%$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>91.50<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>6.58<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>%<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula> and a specificity of <jats:inline-formula>\n                <jats:alternatives>\n                  <jats:tex-math>$$91.10 \\pm 2.27 \\%$$<\/jats:tex-math>\n                  <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>91.10<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>2.27<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>%<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:math>\n                <\/jats:alternatives>\n              <\/jats:inline-formula> for pedicle screw loosening detection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-024-03235-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T05:43:05Z","timestamp":1731994985000},"page":"1001-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A new sensing paradigm for the vibroacoustic detection of pedicle screw loosening"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9960-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Seibold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Sigrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"G\u00f6tschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Hodel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazda","family":"Farshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nassir","family":"Navab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"F\u00fcrnstahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph J.","family":"Laux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3235_CR1","first-page":"2","volume":"1","author":"RJ Mobbs","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mobbs RJ, Phan K, Malham G, Seex K, Rao PJ (2015) Lumbar interbody fusion: techniques, indications and comparison of interbody fusion options including PLIF, TLIF, MI-TLIF, OLIF\/ATP, LLIF and ALIF. 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All experiments presented within this paper were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}