{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:16:28Z","timestamp":1775639788607,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RETTL-2118380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RETTL-2118380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:40:19Z","timestamp":1766040019000},"page":"931-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Variability-Adaptive IV insertion training with dual haptic feedback in mixed reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwangtaek","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Jarzembak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dunlosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Biggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000541440.91369.00","volume":"118","author":"BS Ehrhardt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehrhardt BS, Givens KE, Lee RC (2018) Making it stick: developing and testing the difficult intravenous access (DIVA) tool. Am J Nurs 118:56\u201362","journal-title":"Am J Nurs"},{"key":"3496_CR2","volume-title":"Intravenous infusion therapy for nurses","author":"DL Josephson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Josephson DL, Keegan L (1999) Intravenous infusion therapy for nurses. Cengage Learning, Boston"},{"key":"3496_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2139","volume":"353","author":"MA Makary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Makary MA, Daniel M (2016) Medical error\u2014the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ 353:i2139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2139","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3496_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brusilovsky P, Mill\u00e1n E (2007) User models for adaptive hypermedia and adaptive educational systems. In: Brusilovsky P, Kobsa A, Nejdl W (eds) The Adaptive Web. Springer, Berlin, pp 3\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-72079-9_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-72079-9_1"},{"key":"3496_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-019-00404-w","volume":"24","author":"M Zahabi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zahabi M, Abdul Razak AM (2020) Adaptive virtual reality-based training: a systematic literature review and framework. Virtual Reality 24:725\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-019-00404-w","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"3496_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.106002","volume":"132","author":"YYJ Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang YYJ et al (2024) Impact of an immersive virtual reality simulator education program on nursing students\u2019 intravenous injection administration: a mixed methods study. Nurse Educ Today 132:106002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.106002","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"3496_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5439","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095439","volume":"19","author":"JS Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee JS (2022) Implementation and evaluation of a virtual reality simulation: intravenous injection training system. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19:5439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095439","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3496_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6697","DOI":"10.3390\/s23156697","volume":"23","author":"JW Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JW, Jarzembak J, Kim K (2023) Bimanual intravenous needle insertion simulation using nonhomogeneous haptic device integrated into mixed reality. Sensors 23:6697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23156697","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"3496_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Woo J et al (2023) Evaluating variability in a haptic mixed reality IV needle insertion simulation. In: Proc. 2023 5th Int. Conf. Bio-Eng. Smart Technol. (BioSMART), IEEE, pp 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BioSMART58712.2023.10237720","DOI":"10.1109\/BioSMART58712.2023.10237720"},{"key":"3496_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2016.1264359","volume":"18","author":"M Hou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hou M, Fidopiastis C (2017) A generic framework of intelligent adaptive learning systems: from learning effectiveness to training transfer. Theor Issues Ergon Sci 18:167\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1463922X.2016.1264359","journal-title":"Theor Issues Ergon Sci"},{"key":"3496_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khosravi H, Sadiq S, Gasevic D (2020) Development and adoption of an adaptive learning system: Reflections and lessons learned. In: Proc. 51st ACM Tech. Symp. Comput. Sci. Educ., pp 58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366838","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366838"},{"key":"3496_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12353","volume":"84","author":"AH Alwadei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alwadei AH et al (2020) Effectiveness of an adaptive eLearning intervention on dental students\u2019 learning in comparison to traditional instruction. J Dent Educ 84:1294\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.12353","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"key":"3496_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025252","volume":"9","author":"G Fontaine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fontaine G et al (2019) Efficacy of adaptive e-learning for health professionals and students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 9:e025252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025252","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3496_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1481545","volume":"40","author":"PJ Kellman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kellman PJ, Krasne S (2018) Accelerating expertise: perceptual and adaptive learning technology in medical learning. Med Teach 40:797\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1481545","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"3496_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2012.18","volume":"5","author":"WY Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan WY, Chui SK et al (2012) A serious game for learning ultrasound-guided needle placement skills. IEEE Trans Learn Technol 5:248\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TLT.2012.18","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Learn Technol"},{"key":"3496_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chellali A, Dumas A, Milleville-Pennel P (2015) Designing the user interface of a virtual needle insertion trainer. In: Proc. ACM Symp. Virtual Reality Softw. Technol. (VRST), pp 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2821592.2821625","DOI":"10.1145\/2821592.2821625"},{"key":"3496_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMRB.2020.3015403","author":"A Mariani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mariani A, Ferrari C et al (2020) Skill-oriented and performance-driven adaptive curricula for training in robot-assisted surgery using simulators: a feasibility study. IEEE Trans Med Robot. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMRB.2020.3015403","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Robot"},{"key":"3496_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3320295","author":"M Benmahdjoub","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benmahdjoub M, Thabit A et al (2023) Evaluation of AR visualization approaches for catheter insertion into the ventricle cavity. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2023.3320295","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"3496_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2024.3359654","author":"D Mukashev","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mukashev D, Seitzhan S, Chumakov J (2024) E-BTS: event-based tactile sensor for haptic teleoperation in AR. IEEE Trans Robot. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TRO.2024.3359654","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Robot"},{"key":"3496_CR20","volume-title":"Signal detection theory and psychophysics","author":"DM Green","year":"1966","unstructured":"Green DM, Swets JA (1966) Signal detection theory and psychophysics. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"3496_CR21","volume-title":"Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision","author":"R Hartley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hartley R, Zisserman A (2003) Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"3496_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(85)80099-3","volume":"122","author":"JD Head","year":"1985","unstructured":"Head JD, Zerner MC (1985) A Broyden\u2014Fletcher\u2014Goldfarb\u2014Shanno optimization procedure for molecular geometries. Chem Phys Lett 122:264\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-2614(85)80099-3","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lett"},{"key":"3496_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/7.4.308","volume":"7","author":"JA Nelder","year":"1965","unstructured":"Nelder JA, Mead R (1965) A simplex method for function minimization. Comput J 7:308\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/comjnl\/7.4.308","journal-title":"Comput J"},{"key":"3496_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1137\/0111042","volume":"11","author":"DW Marquardt","year":"1963","unstructured":"Marquardt DW (1963) An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J Soc Ind Appl Math 11:431\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/0111042","journal-title":"J Soc Ind Appl Math"},{"key":"3496_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1137\/0916069","volume":"16","author":"RH Byrd","year":"1995","unstructured":"Byrd RH, Lu P, Nocedal J, Zhu C (1995) A limited memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization. SIAM J Sci Comput 16:1190\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/0916069","journal-title":"SIAM J Sci Comput"},{"key":"3496_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hart SG (2006) NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. In: Proc. Human Factors Ergonom. Soc. Annu. Meeting 50:904\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/154193120605000923","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120605000923"},{"key":"3496_CR27","volume-title":"Infusion nursing: an evidence-based approach","author":"M Alexander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alexander M, Corrigan A, Gorski L, Hankins J, Perucca R (2014) Infusion nursing: an evidence-based approach. Elsevier, St. Louis"}],"container-title":["Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:40:29Z","timestamp":1775637629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["3496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-025-03496-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}