{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:42:36Z","timestamp":1777866156915,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52035012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52035012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Biol Eng Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T05:33:49Z","timestamp":1772688829000},"page":"1623-1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconstruction of normal morphology for simulated femoral condyle lesions based on shape statistical constraints and differential coordinate transformation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Zupei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4608-5401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3542_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1903768","volume":"384","author":"L Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma L (2021) Osteoarthritis of the Knee. N Engl J Med 384:51\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp1903768","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3542_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di J, Bai J, Zhang J et al (2024) Regional disparities, age-related changes and sex-related differences in knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07191-w","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07191-w"},{"key":"3542_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","volume":"393","author":"DJ Hunter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S (2019) Osteoarthritis. Lancet 393:1745\u20131759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3542_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim MS, Choi KY, Hur JH et al (2024) A high-flexion design total knee prosthesis: a ten to twelve-year follow-up study. J Orthop Surg Res 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-024-05082-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05082-3"},{"key":"3542_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohd Mukhtar NQ, Shuib S, Anuar MA et al (2023) Design optimisation of bi-cruciate retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) prosthesis via taguchi methods.\u00a0Mathematics 11\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math11020312","DOI":"10.3390\/math11020312"},{"key":"3542_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shatrov J, Battelier C, Sappey-Marinier E et al (2022) Functional alignment philosophy in total knee arthroplasty \u2013 rationale and technique for the varus morphotype using a CT based robotic platform and individualized planning. Sicot-J 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/sicotj\/2022010","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2022010"},{"key":"3542_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dossett HG, Deckey DG, Clarke HD et al (2024) Individualizing a Total Knee Arthroplasty with three-dimensional planning. JAAOS Glob Res Rev 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00023","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00023"},{"key":"3542_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02812-0","volume":"49","author":"L Shu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shu L, Sato T, Hua X et al (2021) Comparison of Kinematics and Contact Mechanics in Normal Knee and Total Knee Replacements: A Computational Investigation. Ann Biomed Eng 49:2491\u20132502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02812-0","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3542_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7451683","volume":"2020","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, Liu G, Han B et al (2020) Knee joint biomechanics in physiological conditions and how pathologies can affect it: a systematic review. Appl Bionics Biomech 2020:1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7451683","journal-title":"Appl Bionics Biomech"},{"key":"3542_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2023.34902","volume":"94","author":"E Hvidberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hvidberg E, Anfang C, Gosheger G et al (2023) Morphology of the knee after guided growth using tension-band devices: a retrospective multicenter study of 222 limbs and 285 implants. Acta Orthop 94:609\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/17453674.2023.34902","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"3542_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meier M-P, Hochrein Y, Saul D et al (2023) Physiological femoral condylar morphology in adult knees\u2014A MRI study of 517 patients. Diagnostics 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13030350","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13030350"},{"key":"3542_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2016.05.004","volume":"23","author":"JS Everhart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Everhart JS, Flanigan DC, Chaudhari AMW et al (2016) Tibiofemoral joint subchondral surface conformity: Individual variability with race and sex-specific trends. Knee 23:770\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.knee.2016.05.004","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"3542_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burge TA, Jeffers JRT, Myant CW (2022) Performance and sensitivity analysis of an automated X-Ray Based Total Knee replacement mass-customization pipeline. J Med Devices 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4055000","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4055000"},{"key":"3542_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.12.717","volume":"57","author":"KP G\u00fcnther","year":"1998","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther KP, St\u00fcrmer T, Sauerland S et al (1998) Prevalence of generalised osteoarthritis in patients with advanced hip and knee osteoarthritis: The Ulm Osteoarthritis Study. Ann Rheum Dis 57:717\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.57.12.717","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3542_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roemer FW, Eckstein F, Duda G et al (2020) Frequencies of MRI-detected structural pathology in knees without radiographic OA and worsening over three years: How relevant is contralateral radiographic osteoarthritis? Osteoarthr Cartil Open 1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2019.100014"},{"key":"3542_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02871-3","volume":"49","author":"C Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou C, Cha T, Peng Y et al (2021) 3D Geometric Shape Reconstruction for Revision TKA and UKA Knees Using Gaussian Process Regression. Ann Biomed Eng 49:3685\u20133697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-021-02871-3","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3542_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162342","volume":"284","author":"R Widjajahakim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Widjajahakim R, Roux M, Jarraya M et al (2017) Relationship of trochlear morphology and patellofemoral joint alignment to superolateral Hoffa Fat Pad Edema on MR Images in individuals with or at risk for osteoarthritis of the knee: The MOST Study. Radiology 284:806\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2017162342","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3542_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.017","volume":"7","author":"CS Chui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chui CS, Leung KS, Qin J et al (2021) Population-based and personalized design of Total Knee Replacement prosthesis for additive manufacturing based on Chinese anthropometric data. Eng 7:386\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.017","journal-title":"Eng"},{"key":"3542_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burge TA, Jeffers JRT, Myant CW (2023) Applying machine learning methods to enable automatic customisation of knee replacement implants from CT data. Sci Rep 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-30483-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30483-5"},{"key":"3542_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.07.005","volume":"60","author":"J van der Merwe","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Merwe J, van den Heever DJ, Erasmus PJ (2018) Estimating regions of interest on the distal femur. Med Eng Phys 60:23\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medengphy.2018.07.005","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"3542_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinsornsak P, Chaiwuttisak A, Boontanapibul K (2018) Risk factors and outcomes in asymmetrical femoral component size for posterior referencing bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a matched pair analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-018-2220-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2220-6"},{"key":"3542_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/os.13952","volume":"16","author":"X Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang X, Xie K, Chen H et al (2023) A radiographic analysis of coronal morphological parameters of lower limbs in chinese non-knee osteoarthritis populations. Orthop Surg 16:452\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/os.13952","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"},{"key":"3542_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-016-3246-9","volume":"45","author":"AF Steinert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steinert AF, Holzapfel BM, Sefrin L et al (2016) Totalendoprothetischer Kniegelenksersatz. Orthop\u00e4de 45:331\u2013340","journal-title":"Orthop\u00e4de"},{"key":"3542_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-02-2014-0020","volume":"22","author":"C Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song C, Yang Y, Wang Y et al (2016) Personalized femoral component design and its direct manufacturing by selective laser melting. Rapid Prototyp J 22:330\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/RPJ-02-2014-0020","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp J"},{"key":"3542_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9298061","volume":"2017","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li X, Wang C, Guo Y et al (2017) An Approach to Developing Customized Total Knee Replacement Implants. J Healthc Eng 2017:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/9298061","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"key":"3542_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2006.05.001","volume":"11","author":"KT Rajamani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rajamani KT, Styner MA, Talib H et al (2007) Statistical deformable bone models for robust 3D surface extrapolation from sparse data. Med Image Anal 11:99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2006.05.001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"3542_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2013.843676","volume":"18","author":"T-Y Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai T-Y, Li J-S, Wang S et al (2013) Principal component analysis in construction of 3D human knee joint models using a statistical shape model method. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 18:721\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10255842.2013.843676","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"key":"3542_CR28","unstructured":"SMIR (2022) Medical Imaging Data Repository. https:\/\/www.smir.ch, accessed 10 May"},{"key":"3542_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02669-z","volume":"10","author":"MCM Fischer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fischer MCM (2023) Database of segmentations and surface models of bones of the entire lower body created from cadaver CT scans. Sci Data 10:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-023-02669-z","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"3542_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gornale S, Patravali P (2020) Digital Knee X-ray Images. Mendeley Data v1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17632\/t9ndx37v5h.1","DOI":"10.17632\/t9ndx37v5h.1"},{"key":"3542_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2011.04.001","volume":"15","author":"N Baka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baka N, Kaptein BL, de Bruijne M et al (2011) 2D\u20133D shape reconstruction of the distal femur from stereo X-ray imaging using statistical shape models. Med Image Anal 15:840\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"3542_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li P, Liu H, Zhang B et al (2023) An automatic method framework for personalized knee prosthetic modeling based on kinematic geometry. Curr Med Imaging 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573405620666230815142639","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405620666230815142639"},{"key":"3542_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.07.006","volume":"44","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Li G (2011) Construction of 3D human distal femoral surface models using a 3D statistical deformable model. J Biomech 44:2362\u20132368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.07.006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3542_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-010-2785-1","volume":"52","author":"Y Jun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jun Y (2010) Morphological analysis of the human knee joint for creating custom-made implant models. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 52:841\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-010-2785-1","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"}],"container-title":["Medical &amp; Biological Engineering &amp; Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:08:02Z","timestamp":1777536482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["3542"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-026-03542-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-0118","1741-0444"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-0118","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-0444","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}