{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:41:31Z","timestamp":1773751291314,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Canadian Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]],"date-time":"2018-05-28T04:44:58Z","timestamp":1527482698000},"page":"1269-1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A deep learning framework for segmentation and pose estimation of pedicle screw implants based on C-arm fluoroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-1798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Newell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3483-8066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn","family":"Anglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3107-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony J.","family":"Hodgson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199704000-00012","volume":"337","author":"SE Heim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heim SE (1997) Transpedicle instrumentation in the degenerative spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 337:97\u2013110","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1776_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000068761.86536.1d","volume":"411","author":"P Katonis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Katonis P, Christoforakis J, Aligizakis AC, Papadopoulos C, Sapkas G, Hadjipavlou A (2003) Complications and problems related to pedicle screw fixation of the spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 411:86\u201394","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1776_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-003-0116-0","volume":"145","author":"SC Ackbas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ackbas SC, Arslan FY, Tuncer MR (2003) The effect of transpedicular screw misplacement on late spinal stability. Acta Neurochir 145:949\u2013955","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"1776_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-2011-3","volume":"21","author":"ID Gelalis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gelalis ID, Paschos NK, Pakos EE, Politis AN, Arnaoutoglou CM, Karageorgos AC, Ploumis A, Xenakis TA (2011) Accuracy of pedicle screw placement: a systematic review of prospective in vivo studies comparing free hand, fluoroscopy guidance and navigation techniques. Eur Spine J 21:247\u2013255","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1776_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.SPINE09261","volume":"12","author":"V Amato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amato V, Giannachi L, Irace C, Corona C (2010) Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the lumbosacral spine using conventional technique: computed tomography postoperative assessment in 102 consecutive patients: Clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine 12:306\u2013313","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1776_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199001000-00004","volume":"15","author":"SD Gertzbein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gertzbein SD, Robbins S (1990) Accuracy of pedicular screw placement in vivo. Spine 15:11\u201314","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1776_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2505-7","volume":"22","author":"Y Allam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allam Y, Silbermann J, Riese F, Greiner-Perth R (2013) Computer tomography assessment of pedicle screw placement in thoracic spine: comparison between free hand and a generic 3D-based navigation techniques. Eur Spine J 22:648\u2013653","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1776_CR8","first-page":"332","volume":"35","author":"CF Chiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiang CF, Tsai TT, Chen LH, Lai PL, Fu TS, Niu CC, Chen WJ (2012) Computed tomography-based navigation-assisted pedicle screw insertion for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. Chang Gung Med J 35:332\u2013338","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"1776_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211221.74307.57","volume":"19","author":"TJ Choma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Choma TJ, Denis F, Lonstein JE, Perra JH, Schwender JD, Garvey TA, Mullin WJ (2006) Stepwise methodology for plain radiographic assessment of pedicle screw placement: a comparison with computed tomography. J Spinal Disord Tech 19:547\u2013553","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"1776_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5139-y","volume":"26","author":"V Cordemans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cordemans V, Kaminski L, Banse X, Francq BG, Cartiaux O (2017) Accuracy of a new intraoperative cone beam CT imaging technique (Artis Zeego II) compared to postoperative CT scan for assessment of pedicle screws placement and breaches detection. Eur Spine J 26:2906\u20132916","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1776_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Newell R, Esfandiari H, Anglin C, Bernard R, Street J, Hodgson AJ (2018) An Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Method to Accurately Measure the Post-implantation Position of Pedicle Screws. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1732-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1732-8"},{"key":"1776_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2010.03.005","volume":"16","author":"P Markelj","year":"2012","unstructured":"Markelj P, Tomazevic D, Likar B, Pernus F (2012) A review of 3D\/2D registration methods for image-guided interventions. Med Image Anal 16:642\u2013661","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1776_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5485","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/17\/5485","volume":"57","author":"Y Otake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Otake Y, Schafer S, Stayman JW, Zbijewski W, Kleinszig G, Graumann R, Khanna AJ, Siewerdsen JH (2012) Automatic localization of vertebral levels in x-ray fluoroscopy using 3D\u20132D registration: a tool to reduce wrong-site surgery. Phys Med Biol 57:5485\u20135508","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1776_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2015.08.005","volume":"26","author":"A Varnavas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Varnavas A, Carrell T, Penney G (2015) Fully automated 2D\u20133D registration and verification. Med Image Anal 26:108\u2013119","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"1776_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2521800","volume":"35","author":"S Miao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miao S, Wang ZJ, Liao R (2016) A CNN regression approach for real-time 2D\/3D registration. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 35:1352\u20131363","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"1776_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.5545\/sv-jme.2011.184","volume":"58","author":"D Popescu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Popescu D, Amza CG, Laptoiu D, Amza G (2012) Competitive hopfield neural network model for evaluating pedicle Screw placement accuracy. Stroj vestn J Mech Eng 58:509\u2013516","journal-title":"Stroj vestn J Mech Eng"},{"key":"1776_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3330","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa62c5","volume":"62","author":"A Uneri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uneri A, De Silva T, Goerres J, Jacobson M, Ketcha M, Reaungamornrat S, Kleinszig G, Vogt S, Khanna A, Osgood G, Wolinsky JP, Siewerdsen J (2017) Intraoperative evaluation of device placement in spine surgery using known-component 3D\u20132D image registration. Phys Med Biol 62:3330\u20133351","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1776_CR18","unstructured":"Navab N, Bani-Hashemi AR, Mitschke MM, Holdsworth DW, Fahrig R, Fox AJ, Graumann R (1996) Dynamic geometrical calibration for 3D cerebral angiography. In: SPIE\u2014The International Society for Optical Engineering. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 361\u2013370"},{"key":"1776_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chintalapani G, Jain AK, Burkhardt DH, PrinceJL, Fichtinger G (2008) CTREC: C-arm tracking and reconstruction using elliptic curves. In: Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops. IEEE, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2008.4563029"},{"key":"1776_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2014.04.001","volume":"36","author":"S Schumann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schumann S, Thelen B, Ballestra S, Nolte LP, Bchler P, Zheng G (2014) X-ray image calibration and its application to clinical orthopedics. Med Eng Phys 36:968\u2013974","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"1776_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-013-0957-9","volume":"9","author":"S Amiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amiri S, Wilson DR, Masri BA, Anglin C (2014) A low-cost tracked C-arm (TC-arm) upgrade system for versatile quantitative intraoperative imaging. Int J CARS 9:695\u2013711","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1776_CR22","first-page":"S37","volume":"12","author":"H Esfandiari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Esfandiari H, Martinez JF, Gonzlez Ivarez A, Guy P, Street J, Anglin C, Hodgson AJ (2017) An automatic, robust and closed form mini-RSA system for intraoperative C-arm calibration. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 12(Suppl 1):S37\u2013S38","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"1776_CR23","unstructured":"Abdel-Aziz YI, Karara HM (1971). Direct linear transformation from comparator coordinates into object space coordinates in close-range photogrammetry. In: Proceedings of the American society of photogrammetry symposium on close-range photogrammetry, Washington, DC, 1-18. ASP, Falls Church, VA"},{"key":"1776_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long J, Shelhamer E, Darrell T (2015) Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3431\u20133440","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"1776_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vedaldi A, Lenc K (2015) MatConvNet: convolutional neural networks for MATLAB. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on multimedia, ACM Press, Brisbane, Australia, pp 689\u2013692","DOI":"10.1145\/2733373.2807412"},{"key":"1776_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seroul P, Sarrut D (2008) VV: A viewer for the evaluation of 4D image registration. In: MIDAS Journal (Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention MICCAI2008, workshop-systems and architectures for computer assisted interventions), p 18","DOI":"10.54294\/hfoogp"},{"key":"1776_CR27","unstructured":"Haough Paul VC(1962) Method and means for recognizing complex patterns. Patent number: US3069654 A"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T09:56:19Z","timestamp":1661334979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1776"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1776-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-6410","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-6429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}