{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:37:31Z","timestamp":1769215051825,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Little is known about the in vivo forces and stresses on grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the forces and stresses on grafts used in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction at different locations of the femoral footprint (anterior vs middle vs posterior; high vs middle vs low) during a lunge motion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Establish subject-specific finite element models with different graft\u2019s tunnel loci to represent the primary ACL reconstructions. A displacement controlled finite element method was used to simulate lunge motions (full extension to\u2009~\u2009100\u00b0 of flexion) with six-degree-of-freedom knee kinematics data obtained from the validated dual fluoroscopic imaging techniques. The reaction force of the femur and maximal principal stresses of the grafts were subsequently calculated during knee flexion.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Increased and decreased graft forces were observed when the grafts were located higher and lower on the femoral footprint, respectively; anterior and posterior graft placement did not significantly affect the graft force. Lower and posterior graft placement resulted in less stress on the graft at higher degrees of flexion; there were no significant differences in stress when the grafts were placed from 0\u00b0 to 30\u00b0 of flexion on the femoral footprint.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The proposed method is able to simulate knee joint motion based on in vivo kinematics. The results demonstrate that posterior to the centre of the femoral footprint is the strategic location for graft placement, and this placement results in anatomical graft behaviour with a low stress state.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02307-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1611154976000},"page":"495-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dual fluoroscopic imaging and CT-based finite element modelling to estimate forces and stresses of grafts in anatomical single-bundle ACL reconstruction with different femoral tunnels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhenming","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2307_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3596-x","volume":"41","author":"O Reynaud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynaud O, Batailler C, Lording T, Lustig S, Servien E, Neyret P (2017) Three dimensionalCT analysis of femoral tunnel position after ACL reconstruction. 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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}