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This framework will be applied to big data acquired within an on-going epidemiological study from a general population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A deep cascaded framework for subsequent segmentation of pharynx, tongue, and soft palate is presented. The pharyngeal structure was segmented first, since the airway was clearly visible in the T1-weighted sequence. Thereafter, it was used as an anatomical landmark for tongue location. Finally, the soft palate region was extracted using segmented tongue and pharynx structures and used as input for a deep network. In each segmentation step, a UNet-like architecture was applied.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The result assessment was performed qualitatively by comparing the region boundaries obtained from the expert to the framework results and quantitatively using the standard Dice coefficient metric. Additionally, cross-validation was applied to ensure that the framework performance did not depend on the specific selection of the validation set. The average Dice coefficients on the test set were <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$0.89\\pm 0.03$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>0.89<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.03<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$0.87\\pm 0.02$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>0.87<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>, and <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$0.79\\pm 0.08$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>0.79<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.08<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> for tongue, pharynx, and soft palate tissues, respectively. The results were similar to other approaches and consistent with expert readings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Due to high speed and efficiency, the framework will be applied for big epidemiological data with thousands of participants acquired within the Study of Health in Pomerania as well as other epidemiological studies to provide information on the anatomical structures and aspects that constitute important risk factors to the OSAS development.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02333-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T10:02:56Z","timestamp":1616752976000},"page":"579-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A deep cascaded segmentation of obstructive sleep apnea-relevant organs from sagittal spine MRI"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Ivanovska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amro","family":"Daboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Kalentev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Hosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Biffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henry","family":"V\u00f6lzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florentin","family":"W\u00f6rg\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2323031581","volume":"232","author":"MB Abbott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abbott MB, Donnelly LF, Dardzinski BJ, Poe SA, Chini BA, Amin RS (2004) Obstructive sleep apnea: MR imaging volume segmentation analysis. 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The SHIP was conducted as approved by the local Institutional Review Board at Greifswald University Hospital.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"This project is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), Project IV 161\/4-1, DA 1810\/2-1.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study. This study was a subproject of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). SHIP is conducted in the Northeast German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Written informed consent was obtained separately for study inclusion and MR imaging.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}