{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:27:40Z","timestamp":1771889260203,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/CDA\/4771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/CDA\/4771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TIDA17\/4897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TIDA17\/4897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-2020-COG Award 101002225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2020-COG Award 101002225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001636","name":"University College Cork","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hybrid navigation is a promising technique which combines the benefits of optical or electromagnetic tracking (EMT) and fluoroscopy imaging. Unfortunately, the fluoroscopy system is a source of metallic distortion for the EMT system. In this work, we present a new method for intraoperative calibration and real-time compensation of dynamic field distortions.\u00a0The method was tested in the presence of a fluoroscopy C-arm, and sub-millimetre errors were obtained after distortion correction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A hybrid navigation scenario was created by combining the open-source electromagnetic tracking system Anser EMT and a commercial fluoroscopy C-arm. The electromagnetic field generator was placed directly on top of the X-ray collimator, which introduced significant field distortion. Magnetic sensors were placed at known positions to capture the magnetic distortion, and virtual magnetic dipole sources were used to model the distortion magnetic field. The accuracy of the compensated EMT model was tested on a grid of test points.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Error reduction was demonstrated from 12.01 to 0.35\u00a0mm and from 25.03 to 0.49\u00a0mm, for horizontal and vertical sensor orientations, respectively, over a volume of 16\u2009\u00d7\u200916\u2009\u00d7\u20096\u00a0cm. It is proposed that such sub-millimetre tracking errors meet the needs of most endoscopic navigation tasks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We describe a method to model a magnetic field in real time, based on redundant electromagnetic field measurements, and we apply it to compensate for the distortion introduced by a fluoroscopy C-arm. The main limitation of the approach is the requirement for a high number of sensors, with possible occlusion of the operative space. Solutions might come from miniaturisation and wireless sensing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1653271355000},"page":"1717-1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intraoperative compensation of magnetic field distortions for fluoroscopic and electromagnetic hybrid navigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P\u00e1draig","family":"Cantillon-Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2663_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2018Aurora Sensors\u2014NDI\u2019. https:\/\/www.ndigital.com\/products\/aurora\/aurora-sensors\/. Accessed 22 Mar 2022","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3185176"},{"key":"2663_CR2","unstructured":"Ramachandran B, Jain AK (2016) Distortion fingerprinting for EM tracking compensation, detection and error correction, US9522045B2, Dec 20, 2016. Accessed 21 May 2020. Available: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US9522045B2\/en"},{"issue":"8","key":"2663_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2502138","volume":"63","author":"H Sadjadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadjadi H, Hashtrudi-Zaad K, Fichtinger G (2016) Simultaneous electromagnetic tracking and calibration for dynamic field distortion compensation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 63(8):1771\u20131781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2015.2502138","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"2663_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02324-1","volume":"16","author":"H Krumb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krumb H, Das D, Chadda R, Mukhopadhyay A (2021) CycleGAN for interpretable online EMT compensation. Int J CARS 16(5):757\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-021-02324-1","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"key":"2663_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49069","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068741","volume":"9","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang K, Jiang J, Tan Q (2021) Research on intraoperative organ motion tracking method based on fusion of inertial and electromagnetic navigation. IEEE Access 9:49069\u201349081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068741","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2663_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-017-1568-7","author":"HA Jaeger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaeger HA et al (2017) Anser EMT: the first open-source electromagnetic tracking platform for image-guided interventions. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-017-1568-7","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"2663_CR7","unstructured":"\u2018Polaris Vega\u2014NDI\u2019. https:\/\/www.ndigital.com\/products\/polaris-vega\/. Accessed 30 Mar 2022"},{"issue":"8","key":"2663_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2321777","volume":"33","author":"AM Franz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Franz AM, Haidegger T, Birkfellner W, Cleary K, Peters TM, Maier-Hein L (2014) Electromagnetic tracking in medicine\u2014a review of technology, validation, and applications. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 33(8):1702\u20131725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2014.2321777","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T15:03:18Z","timestamp":1662735798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02663-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-6429"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-6429","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}