{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T08:52:58Z","timestamp":1742806378846,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and the European Fund for Regional Development"},{"name":"Hochschule Reutlingen \/ Reutlingen University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Context awareness in the operating room (OR) is important to realize targeted assistance to support actors during surgery. A situation recognition system (SRS) is used to interpret intraoperative events and derive an intraoperative situation from these. To achieve a modular system architecture, it is desirable to de-couple the SRS from other system components. This leads to the need of an interface between such an SRS and context-aware systems (CAS). This work aims to provide an open standardized interface to enable loose coupling of the SRS with varying CAS to allow vendor-independent device orchestrations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A requirements analysis investigated limiting factors that currently prevent the integration of CAS in today's ORs. These elicited requirements enabled the selection of a suitable base architecture. We examined how to specify this architecture with the constraints of an interoperability standard. The resulting middleware was integrated into a prototypic SRS and our system for intraoperative support, the <jats:italic>OR-Pad<\/jats:italic>, as exemplary CAS for evaluating whether our solution can enable context-aware assistance during simulated orthopedical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The emerging <jats:italic>Service-oriented Device Connectivity<\/jats:italic> (SDC) standard series was selected to specify and implement a middleware for providing the interpreted contextual information while the SRS and CAS are loosely coupled. The results were verified within a proof of concept study using the <jats:italic>OR-Pad<\/jats:italic> demonstration scenario. The fulfillment of the CAS\u2019 requirements to act context-aware, conformity to the SDC standard series, and the effort for integrating the middleware in individual systems were evaluated. The semantically unambiguous encoding of contextual information depends on the further standardization process of the SDC nomenclature. The discussion of the validity of these results proved the applicability and transferability of the middleware.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The specified and implemented SDC-based middleware shows the feasibility of loose coupling an SRS with unknown CAS to realize context-aware assistance in the OR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1653026814000},"page":"2161-2171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Service-oriented Device Connectivity interface for a situation recognition system in the OR"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Junger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4067-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Beyersdorffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"K\u00fccherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7118-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Burgert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2018-0030","volume":"4","author":"T Neumuth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neumuth T, Rockstroh M, Franke S (2018) Context-aware medical technologies\u2014relief or burden for clinical users? Biomed Eng Biomed Tech 4:119\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2018-0030","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2021-1022","volume":"7","author":"SM Frommer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frommer SM, Ryniak C, Junger D, Hirt B, Stenzl A, Burgert O (2021) Interaction concept and system architecture for the sterile information system OR-Pad in the perioperative area. Curr Dir Biomed 7(1):101\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2021-1022","journal-title":"Curr Dir Biomed"},{"key":"2666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2021.2004446","author":"D Junger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Junger D, Hirt B, Burgert O (2021) Concept and basic framework prototype for a flexible and intervention-independent situation recognition system in the OR. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging Vis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681163.2021.2004446","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2666_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2013.03.003","volume":"37","author":"D Kati\u0107","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kati\u0107 D, Wekerle A-L, G\u00f6rtler J, Spengler P, Bodenstedt S, R\u00f6hl S, Suwelack S, Kenngott HG, Wagner M, M\u00fcller-Stich BP, Dillmann R, Speidel S (2013) Context-aware augmented reality in laparoscopic surgery. Comput Med Imaging Graph 37(2):174\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2013.03.003","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"2666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/3194696.3194705","volume":"40","author":"GS Avrunin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avrunin GS, Clarke LA, Conboy HM, Osterweil LJ, Dias RD, Yule SJ, Goldman JM, Zenati MA (2018) Toward improving surgical outcomes by incorporating cognitive load measurement into process-driven guidance. ICSE 40:2\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3194696.3194705","journal-title":"ICSE"},{"key":"2666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2017.10.004","volume":"84","author":"H Nakawala","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakawala H, Ferrigno G, De Momi E (2018) Development of an intelligent surgical training system for thoracentesis. Artif Intell Med 84:50\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artmed.2017.10.004","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"2666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2018-0071","volume":"4","author":"S Franke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franke S, Rockstroh M, Neumuth T (2018) Context-awareness for control consoles in integrated operating rooms. Curr Dir Biomed 4:291\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2018-0071","journal-title":"Curr Dir Biomed"},{"key":"2666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-017-1589-2","volume":"12","author":"M Rockstroh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rockstroh M, Franke S, Hofer M, Will A, Kasparick M, Andersen B, Neumuth T (2017) OR.NET: multi-perspective qualitative evaluation of an integrated operating room based on IEEE 11073 SDC. Int J CARS 12:1461\u20131469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-017-1589-2","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"key":"2666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2020-0106","volume":"66","author":"P Beyersdorffer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beyersdorffer P, Kunert W, Jansen K, Miller J, Wilhelm J, Burgert O, Kirschniak A, Rolinger J (2021) Detection of adverse events leading to inadvertent injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using convolutional neural networks. Biomed Eng Biomed Tech 66:413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2020-0106","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"2666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000455","volume":"17","author":"M Maktabi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maktabi M, Neumuth T (2021) Situation-dependent medical device risk estimation: design and evaluation of an equipment management center for vendor-independent integrated operating rooms. J Patient Saf 17:622\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PTS.0000000000000455","journal-title":"J Patient Saf"},{"key":"2666_CR11","unstructured":"ANSI (2015) Health Level Seven Standard Version 2.8.2\u2014an application protocol for electronic data exchange in healthcare environments. Health Level Seven International"},{"key":"2666_CR12","unstructured":"HL7 (2019) HL7 FHIR Version 4.0.1. https:\/\/hl7.org\/FHIR\/index.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2022"},{"key":"2666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2017-0020","volume":"63","author":"M Kasparick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasparick M, Schmitz M, Andersen B, Rockstroh M, Franke S, Schlichting S, Golatowski F, Timmermann D (2018) OR.NET: a service-oriented architecture for safe and dynamic medical device interoperability. Biomed Eng Biomed Tech 63:11\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2017-0020","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"2666_CR14","unstructured":"IHE Wiki (2019) DEV SDPi profile. https:\/\/wiki.ihe.net\/index.php\/DEV_SDPi_Profile. Accessed 10 Jan 2022"},{"key":"2666_CR15","unstructured":"NEMA PS3\/ISO 12052, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Standard, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Rosslyn, VA, USA. http:\/\/medical.nema.org\/. Accessed 10 Jan 2022"},{"key":"2666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-013-1118-8","volume":"20","author":"AF Choudhri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choudhri AF, Norton PT, Carr TM, Stone JR, Hagspiel KD, Dake MD (2013) Diagnosis and treatment planning of acute aortic emergencies using handheld DICOM viewer. Emerg Radiol 20:267\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10140-013-1118-8","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"key":"2666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0511-y","volume":"6","author":"S Scherer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scherer S, Treichel T, Ritter N, Triebel G, Drossel WG, Burgert O (2010) Surgical stent planning\u2014simulation parameter study for models based on DICOM standards. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 6:319\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-010-0511-y","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"key":"2666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-011-9416-8","volume":"25","author":"T Treichel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Treichel T, Gessat M, Prietzel T, Burgert O (2011) DICOM for implantations\u2014overview and application. J Digit Imaging 25:352\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-011-9416-8","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"2666_CR19","first-page":"509","volume":"264","author":"B Andersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersen B, Baumhof S, Ingenerf J (2019) Service-oriented device connectivity: device specialisations for interoperability. Medinfo 264:509\u2013511","journal-title":"Medinfo"},{"key":"2666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2017-0043","volume":"63","author":"M Czaplik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Czaplik M, Voigt V, Kenngott H, Clusmann H, Hoffmann R, Will A (2018) Why OR.NET? Requirements and perspectives from a medical user\u2019s, clinical operator\u2019s and device manufacturer\u2019s points of view. Biomed Eng Biomed Tech 63:5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2017-0043","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"2666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartNets48225.2019.9069774","author":"M Kasparick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasparick M, Butzin B, Golatowski F, Pabst J, Cappius H, Westerhoff P, Andersen B, Timmermann D (2019) From IEEE 11073 SDC device specializations to assistive systems: rule-based data analysis for minimal invasive surgery. SmartNets. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SmartNets48225.2019.9069774","journal-title":"SmartNets"},{"key":"2666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-019-01982-6","volume":"14","author":"J Neumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann J, Franke S, Rockstroh M, Kasparick M, Neumuth T (2019) Extending BPMN 2.0 for intraoperative workflow modeling with IEEE 11073 SDC for description and orchestration of interoperable, networked medical devices. Int J CARS 14:1403\u20131413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-019-01982-6","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"key":"2666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318712","author":"S Franke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franke S, Neumuth T (2015) Rule-based medical device adaptation for the digital operating room. EMBS. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7318712","journal-title":"EMBS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2017-0040","volume":"63","author":"D Arney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arney D, Plourde J, Goldman JM (2018) OpenICE medical device interoperability platform overview and requirement analysis. Biomed Eng Biomed Tech 63(1):39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2017-0040","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"2666_CR25","volume-title":"Robot operating system (ROS): the complete reference","author":"A Koubaa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koubaa A (2018) Robot operating system (ROS): the complete reference, vol 1. Springer, Cham"},{"key":"2666_CR26","first-page":"152","volume":"18","author":"D Junger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Junger D, Frommer S, Ryniak C, Burgert O (2019) Entwicklung einer adaptiven Situationserkennung zur Informationserfassung und -anzeige im intraoperativen Bereich. CURAC 18:152\u2013157","journal-title":"CURAC"},{"key":"2666_CR27","unstructured":"Neumann J, Rockstroh M, Franke S, Neumuth T (2016) BPMNSIX\u2014a BPMN 2.0 surgical intervention extension: concept and design of a BPMN extension for intraoperative workflow modeling and execution in the integrated operating room. 7th workshop on modeling and monitoring of computer assisted interventions, M2CAI, Athens, Greece"},{"key":"2666_CR28","unstructured":"OMG (2011) Business process model and notation Version 2.0. https:\/\/www.omg.org\/spec\/BPMN\/2.0\/. Accessed 10 Jan 2022"},{"key":"2666_CR29","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association (2019) ISO\/IEEE Health informatics\u2014personal health device communication\u2014Part 10207: domain information and service model for service-oriented point-of-care medical device communication. ISO\/IEEE 11073-10207:2019"},{"key":"2666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1515\/cdbme-2015-0042","volume":"1","author":"S Franke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franke S, Neumuth T (2015) Towards structuring contextual information for workflow-driven surgical assistance functionalities. Curr Dir Biomed 1:168\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cdbme-2015-0042","journal-title":"Curr Dir Biomed"},{"key":"2666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2013-4316","author":"S Franke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franke S, Neumuth T (2013) A framework for multi-model surgical workflow management. Biomed Eng Biomed Tech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmt-2013-4316","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Biomed Tech"},{"key":"2666_CR32","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association (2020) ISO\/IEEE Health informatics\u2014device interoperability\u2014Part 10101: Point-of-care medical device communication\u2014nomenclature. ISO\/IEEE 11073-10101:2020"},{"key":"2666_CR33","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association (2018) ISO\/IEEE Health informatics\u2014point-of-care medical device communication\u2014Part 20702: medical devices communication profile for web services. ISO\/IEEE 11073-20702:2018"},{"key":"2666_CR34","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association (2020) ISO\/IEEE Health informatics\u2014device interoperability\u2014Part 20701: point-of-care medical device communication\u2014service oriented medical device exchange architecture and protocol binding. ISO\/IEEE 11073-20701:2020"},{"key":"2666_CR35","unstructured":"Surgitaix (2021) SDCLib GitHub repository. https:\/\/github.com\/surgitaix\/sdclib. Accessed 10 Jan 2022"},{"key":"2666_CR36","first-page":"66","volume":"18","author":"C Georgi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Georgi C, Rockstroh M, Franke S, Neumuth T (2019) Design of a dynamic user interface for IEEE 11073 SDC interoperability testing. CURAC 18:66\u201370","journal-title":"CURAC"},{"key":"2666_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kraus N, Viertel M, Burgert O (2020) Control of KNX devices over IEEE 11073 service-oriented device connectivity. In: IEEE international conference on industrial cyber-physical systems, vol 1, pp 421\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPS48405.2020.9274729","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPS48405.2020.9274729"},{"key":"2666_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz O, Wieschebrock D, Heibeyn J, Rademacher K, Jan\u00df A (2020) Development and evaluation of a platform-independent surgical workstation for an open networked operating theatre using the IEEE 11073 SDC Communication Standard. Digital human modeling and applications in health, safety, ergonomics and risk management. Posture, motion and health. Springer, Cham","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49904-4_6"},{"issue":"9","key":"2666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1824-5","volume":"13","author":"B Gibaud","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibaud B, Forestier G, Feldmann C, Ferrigno G, Gon\u00e7alves P, Haidegger T, Julliard C, Kati\u0107 D, Kenngott H, Maier-Hein L, M\u00e4rz K, de Momi E, Nagy D\u00c1, Nakawala H, Neumann J, Neumuth T, Rojas Balderrama J, Speidel S, Wagner M, Jannin P (2018) Toward a standard ontology of surgical process models. Int J CARS 13(9):1397\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-018-1824-5","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-006-0032-x","volume":"1","author":"O Burgert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burgert O, Neumuth T, Lempp F, Nundunuri R, Meixensberger J, Straub G, Dietz A, Jannin P, Lemke HU (2006) Linking top-level ontologies and surgical workflows. Int J CARS 1(S1):437\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-006-0032-x","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"key":"2666_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45143-3_2","volume-title":"Empirical methods and studies in software engineering","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wohlin C, H\u00f6st M, Henningsson K (2003) Empirical research methods in software engineering. In: Conradi R, Wang AI (eds) Empirical methods and studies in software engineering. Springer, Berlin, pp 7\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-45143-3_2"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T12:34:37Z","timestamp":1664282077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-022-02666-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-6429"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1861-6429"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}