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Virtual dental implant planning in three-dimensional stereoscopic virtual reality environment has advantages over three-dimensional projections on two-dimensional screens. In the virtual environment, the anatomical areas of the body can be assessed and interacted with in six degrees-of-freedom. Our aim was to make a preliminary evaluation of how professional users perceive the use of the virtual environment on their field.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>\n                           <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We prepared a novel implementation of a virtual dental implant planning system and conducted a small-scale user study with four dentomaxillofacial radiologists to evaluate the usability of direct and indirect interaction in a planning task.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>\n                           <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found that all four participants ranked direct interaction, planning the implant placement without handles, to be better than the indirect condition where the implant model had handles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>\n                           <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                        <\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The radiologists valued the three-dimensional environment for three-dimensional object manipulation even if usability issues of the handles affected the feel of use and the evaluation results. Direct interaction was seen as easy, accurate, and natural.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02693-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T17:04:45Z","timestamp":1655917485000},"page":"1723-1730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluation of virtual handles for dental implant manipulation in virtual reality implant planning procedure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hanna-Riikka","family":"Rantamaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jari","family":"Kangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maarit","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Mehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kimmo","family":"Ronkainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Osku","family":"Sundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ismo","family":"Syrj\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorma","family":"J\u00e4rnstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roope","family":"Raisamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2693_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55871","volume":"12","author":"G-S Unsal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Unsal G-S, Turkyilmaz I, Lakhia S (2020) Advantages and limitations of implant surgery with cad\/cam surgical guides: a literature review. 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